Шалон-сюр-Сон: История и современность города во Франции.

Chalon sur Saône (ʃalɔ̃ syʁ son, literally Chalon on Saône) is a city in the Saône et Loire department in the region of Bourgogne Franche Comté in eastern France. It is a sub prefecture of the department. It is the largest city in the department; however, the department capital is the smaller city of Mâcon.

Chalon sur Saône lies in the south of the Bourgogne Franche Comté and in the east of France, approximately north of Mâcon. It is located on the Saône river, and was once a busy port, acting as a distribution point for local wines which were sent up and down the Saône river and the Canal du Centre, opened in 1792.

Though the site (ancient Cabillonum) was a capital of the Aedui and objects of La Tène culture have been retrieved from the bed of the river here, the first mention of Cavillonum is found in Commentarii de Bello Gallico (VII, chs. 42 and 90). The Roman city already served as a river port and hub of road communications, of the Via Agrippa and side routes. In 354 AD the Roman Emperor Constantius II stationed the Roman 7th Army in Chalon (then called Cabyllona) for an invasion against the brother kings, Gundomadus and Vadomarius of the Alamanni. However, not having received supplies, the Roman troops revolted, and were pacified by the grand chamberlain Eusebius with money. In Late Antiquity the city had dwindled so much that a wall round it encircled fifteen hectares.

The primary industries are nuclear, plastics, metallurgy, and mechanics. The Chamber of Commerce of Saône et Loire manages the École de Gestion et de Commerce de Chalon sur Saône, as well as the river port on the Saône. There are 2,472 businesses: 764 stores, 454 retail services, 409 schools and health and social services, 378 wholesale services, 122 construction companies, 69 agricultural and alimentary businesses, 64 real estate businesses, 60 transportation business, 49 industries de biens intermédiaires, 35 industries de biens de consommations, 34 entreprises d'énergie, 33 industries de biens d'équipements et 1 industrie automobile. The most important companies are Framatome (formerly Areva), Saint Gobain, Nordeon, Cartonnerie Laurent, Chalondis, Carrefour 2000, Géant Casino, Comptoirs des Fers, Cayon, Amazon and Le journal de Saône et Loire. Until the early 2000s, Kodak was the largest employer in town. Their production site became the campus of Le Grand Chalon en Bourgogne in 2005.

The Gare de Chalon sur Saône railway station offers connections with Paris, Dijon, Lyon and several regional destinations. The station is located along the PLM mainline from Paris Gare de Lyon to Marseille Saint Charles, at kilometre post 382.150 from Paris.

The primary national roads serving Chalon are the A6 autoroute from Paris to Lyon, the route nationale 73, from Chalon to Besançon and the route nationale 80, from Chalon to Montchanin. The city is also located on the pan European bicycle route the EuroVelo 6, which stretches from Saint Nazaire on the Atlantic Ocean near Nantes to Constanta on the Black Sea.

The closest major commercial airport is Lyon Saint Exupéry, located about 120 kilometres away.

The public transportation company STAC offers a bus network ZOOM, including a free bus in the center, lines to surrounding communities, and services for disabled riders. There also exists a bike sharing scheme Réflex.

St. Vincent's Cathedral on the Place Saint Vincent which, while dating mainly from the 12th to the 15th centuries, Over four days, artists from across Europe and beyond come to the streets of Chalon to perform, mostly for free, in music, theatre, acrobatics, comedy, etc. A program is made available by the town, so people know of the main groups performing, and several newspapers report what performances are must see and where and when to find them.

An institute of research of the engineering school Arts et Métiers ParisTech was established in Chalon in 1997. This institute offers graduate and doctoral programs in the domain of virtual reality and image engineering. It includes a municipal library.

The Élan Chalon basketball club is a member of the LNB Pro A, and plays its home matches at the Le Colisée. Other sports clubes include FC Chalon, HBC Chalon sur Saône, Volley Ball Chalon sur Saône and the former RC Chalon.