Флагманский телеканал CBC в Торонто: История и эволюция

CBC flagship television station in Toronto

CBLT DT (channel 5) is a television station in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, serving as the flagship station of the English language service of CBC Television. It is part of a twinstick with Ici Radio Canada Télé outlet CBLFT DT (channel 25). The two stations share studios at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre on Front Street West in downtown Toronto, which is also shared with national cable news channel CBC News Network and houses the studios for most of the CBC's news and entertainment programs. CBLT DT's transmitter is located atop the CN Tower.

The station first signed on the air on September 8, 1952, originally broadcasting on VHF channel 9. It is the oldest television station in the province of Ontario, and the second oldest in Canada after Ici Radio Canada Télé flagship station CBFT in Montreal. The station's first broadcast was prefaced by the inadvertent incorrect display of the CBC's national network logo; conflicting accounts say it was either displayed upside down or backwards, due to the incorrect insertion of the slide. No such error was made two days earlier when CBFT signed on. CBLT originally broadcast from a series of smaller studios with the main one on Mutual Street nicknamed unofficially as "The Barn" next to the transmitter tower (the old management building, nicknamed "The Kremlin", is now part of the National Ballet School on Jarvis Street). On January 19, 1953, a microwave link between Buffalo, New York and Toronto was activated, allowing the live telecast of programs from the American television networks. A few months later, on May 14, 1953, CBC Television's stations in Montreal (CBFT) and Ottawa (CBOT) became the first connections within the Trans Canada Microwave system. In 1956, CBLT moved to VHF channel 6 and increased its effective radiated power from 25 to 100 kW. The change in frequency was made to accommodate the eventual licensing of a second privately owned local station for Toronto, which eventually became CFTO (channel 9) when that station was licensed at the end of 1960. Then in 1972, CBLT relocated to channel 5 in order to allow two new stations – CKGN (now CIII DT) in Paris and a repeater of Ottawa based CJOH in Deseronto – to use channel 6. CBLT moved its transmitter facilities to the CN Tower when it opened in 1976; its signal was transmitted from the tower for the first time on May 31, 1976. It moved its operations to the Canadian Broadcasting Centre on Front Street in 1992.

CBLT has used a variety of on air brands since its inception. From 1957 to 1972, it was known as "Channel 6". Following its move to channel 5 in 1972, it rebranded as "CBLT Five", later simplifying it to "CBLT/5". In the late 1970s, the station was branded as "Toronto/5", with the then new CBC logo substituting for one of the O's in "Toronto". During the 1980s, it was known mainly as CBLT TV, although it used a "CBC 5" logo. Starting on January 1, 1986, the station was identified in print ads as "CBC Television Toronto/5", but the CBLT name was used for its local programs including its supper hour newscast CBLT Newshour. By the 1990s, it was known simply as "CBC Toronto", although the CBLT calls were used from time to time in local programming, and on the CBC website. As with most Canadian television stations, the use of the analogue channel placement was phased out of the station's logo and advertising, as most cable placements did not match up with its VHF frequency.

CBLT DT currently broadcasts 10 hours, 40 minutes of locally produced newscasts each week (with two hours each weekday, a half hour on Saturdays and ten minutes on Sundays); in regards to the number of hours devoted to news programming, it is the lowest local newscast output out of any English language television station in the immediate Toronto market and the second lowest among the stations in the expanded Toronto–Hamilton–Barrie market as a whole (behind CTV 2 owned and operated station CKVR DT, which airs seven hours of newscasts each week). CBLT's newscasts have consistently faced very stiff competition in the Toronto market, consistently rating behind CTV station CFTO since it surged to the number one spot in 1970, and behind CITY TV (channel 57) since 1982. On September 10, 1984, CBLT debuted one of the only locally produced morning television programs in Canada, CBLT Morning, which aired weekdays from 7 to 9 a. m. The program was co hosted by Dale Goldhawk and Leslie Jones, with news reported by Kevin Marsh. At the time of the program's cancellation on April 4, 1986, it was watched by 20,000 viewers, more than the Canadian viewership of ABC's Good Morning America, but less than that of CTV's Canada AM. In the spring of 1995, according to BBM Canada, CBLT's evening newscast CBC Evening News had a total audience of 117,000 viewers in the Toronto Hamilton market, putting it in fourth place behind Global News on CIII at 141,000, CITY's CityPulse at 229,000, and CFTO's World Beat News at 409,000. Only CHCH (channel 11), the only other station based in the Toronto–Hamilton market with a 6 p. m. newscast, had lower viewership at 77,000 viewers. On October 15, 2011, CBLT debuted a half hour 6 p. m. newscast on Saturdays; the station then launched a ten minute news bulletin on Sundays at 11 p. m. the following day. A 30 minute newscast at 11 p. m. on weeknights was introduced on September 17, 2012. The additional local newscasts were part of a five year strategic plan by the CBC called "2015: Everyone, Every Way", which featured local service improvements across the CBC's television, radio and internet platforms.

+ Channel Res. Aspect Short name Programming 5.1 720p 16:9 CBLT DT Main CBLT DT programming / CBC Television

On January 30, 2004, the Canadian Radio television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) granted CBLT permission to broadcast a digital signal on UHF channel 20; CBLT's began broadcasting programming in high definition on March 5, 2005. CBLT shut down its analogue signal, over VHF channel 5, on August 31, 2011, the official date on which Canadian television stations in CRTC designated mandatory markets transitioned from analogue to digital broadcasts. The station's digital signal remained on its pre transition UHF channel 20, using virtual channel 5.

The station's signal from its CN Tower transmitter adequately covers the immediate Greater Toronto Area, from Oshawa in the east, out to Halton Hills and Georgetown in the west, and from Hamilton and Niagara Falls in the south, to roughly Bradford. In addition, CBLT serves as the default CBC Television station for cable and satellite subscribers in markets previously served over the air by CBLT's rebroadcast transmitters (see below), as well as the Thunder Bay and Peterborough television markets, after CKPR DT in Thunder Bay disaffiliated from the network September 1, 2014, and CHEX DT in Peterborough and its sister station CHEX TV 2 in Oshawa both followed August 31, 2015, in both cases to become affiliates of the CTV Television Network. The station is also carried on cable in several American communities, similar to sister stations CBUT in Vancouver, CBET in Windsor and CBMT in Montreal.

CBLT served much of Ontario through a network of over 35 rebroadcast transmitters, including all of Northeastern Ontario and most of Southwestern Ontario, with the exception of Windsor since CBET DT serves the Windsor area. The station only served Southern Ontario and a few rural Northern Ontario communities until 2002, when it took over the CBC affiliates of the MCTV twinstick. CBLGT in Geraldton and the CBLAT transmitters had operated since the early 1970s, while others were added as other CBC affiliates disaffiliated from the network or were bought by the CBC. On August 16, 2011, the CRTC granted the CBC permission to continue operating 22 analogue repeaters within mandatory markets, including those in London and Kitchener. These analogue transmitters were given an extension until August 31, 2012, to continue in operation, by which time the transmitters had to be converted to digital or shut down. The CBC did not seek an extension for its Barrie transmitter, which it shut down on August 31, 2011; however, the remaining satellite rebroadcast stations remained in operation. Reportedly due to federal funding reductions to the CBC in April 2012, the CBC made substantial cuts to their transmitting budget, including shutting down the CBC's and Radio Canada's remaining analogue transmitters on July 31, 2012. This included shutting down all the remaining CBC and Radio Canada's rebroadcasters that had been "held over" using analogue transmitters during 2011–12. All of them have been decommissioned by the CBC, leaving rural Canadians and U. S. border regions with no free over the air CBC coverage, and those viewers have been instructed to subscribe to a cable or satellite provider or have been directed to the website available through pay internet providers.

City of licence Call sign Channel ERP(W) Notes Attawapiskat CBLET 12 (VHF) 10 Originally a repeater of CFCL TV/Timmins until that station became a CBLT repeater in 2002. Beardmore CBLAT 5 9 (VHF) 8 Chapleau CBCU TV 7 (VHF) 101 Originally a repeater of CFCL TV/Timmins until that station became a CBLT repeater in 2002. Elliot Lake CBEC TV 7 (VHF) 34,000 Formerly CKNC TV 1; originally a repeater of CKNC TV/Sudbury until that station became a CBLT repeater in 2002. Fort Albany CBLDT 8 (VHF) 491 Originally a repeater of CFCL TV/Timmins until that station became a CBLT repeater in 2002. Fort Hope CBLHT 12 (VHF) 10 This transmitter once repeated CBC North through CBNT of St. John's, NL Fraserdale CBLCT 7 (VHF) 10 Originally a repeater of CFCL TV/Timmins until that station became a CBLT repeater in 2002. Geraldton CBLGT 13 (VHF) 22,000 Formerly CBLAT Hearst CBCC TV 5 (VHF) 5,300 Originally a repeater of CFCL TV/Timmins until that station became a CBLT repeater in 2002. Hornepayne CBLAT 6 13 (VHF) 30,000 Huntsville CBLT TV 2 8 (VHF) 115 Formerly CKVR TV 2, originally repeated present day CTV 2 affiliate CKVR TV/Barrie Kapuskasing CBLT 9 2 (VHF) 17 Originally a repeater of CFCL TV/Timmins until that station became a CBLT repeater in 2002. Kearns CBLT 8 2 (VHF) 70,000 Also served Rouyn Noranda, Quebec in lieu of CBMT Montreal; originally a repeater of CFCL TV/Timmins until that station became a CBLT repeater in 2002. Little Current CBCE TV 16 (UHF) 23,700 Manitouwadge CBLAT 1 8 (VHF) 22,000 Marathon CBLAT 4 11 (VHF) 7,500 Moosonee CBCO TV 1 9 (VHF) 9 Originally a repeater of CFCL TV/Timmins until that station became a CBLT repeater in 2002. Nipigon CBLK TV 16 (UHF) 2,300 Originally a CBC owned repeater of CBC private affiliate CKPR TV/Thunder Bay (currently a CTV affiliate) North Bay CBLT 4 4 (VHF) 100 Operated as CHNB TV, a separate station from 1955 to 1970, then it became part of the MCTV CBC regional network from 1970 until the CBC's acquisition in 2002. Parry Sound CBLT TV 3 18 (UHF) 50 The CBLT repeater was launched on channel 18 on September 1, 1995 the same day CKVR/Barrie disaffiliated from the CBC and kept its channel 12 repeater at Parry Sound as an independent station. Sault Ste. Marie CBLT 5 5 (VHF) 37,900 Operated as CJIC TV, a separate station from 1955 to 1970, then it became part of the MCTV CBC regional network from 1970 until the CBC's acquisition in 2002. This repeater also provided analogue service to the easternmost portions of Michigan's Upper Peninsula in the United States. Sudbury CBLT 6 9 (VHF) 115,500 Operated as CKNC TV, a part of the MCTV CBC regional network from 1971 until the CBC's acquisition in 2002. Timmins CBLT 7 6 (VHF) 100,000 Operated as CFCL TV, a separate station from 1956 to 1970, then it became part of the MCTV CBC regional network from 1970 until the CBC's acquisition in early 2002. Wawa CBLAT 3 9 (VHF) 16,000 White River CBLAT 2 12 (VHF) 304