Peugeot 104: История модели и эволюция (1972-1988)

Car model

The 104 was introduced at the September 1972 Paris Motor Show. On its launch, the Peugeot 104 was offered as a compact four door fastback. Although it had a short, sloping rear end that suggested a hatchback, there was originally a separate boot/trunk, as on a conventional saloon. Power was provided from a 954 cc Douvrin engine called the PSA X engine, an all aluminium alloy, chain driven overhead cam, with gearbox in the sump, sharing engine oil, which was jointly developed with Renault. This transmission in sump arrangement was similar to that pioneered by the British Motor Corporation in the Mini. It gave good levels of economy and refinement as well as having an impressive chassis which made ride and handling excellent. The engine was mounted leaning backwards, at a 72 degree angle.

A three door coupé was launched on a shortened chassis at the 1973 Paris Motor Show, featuring the same 954 cc engine as the saloon. Headlights were larger and rectangular in shape, rather than square. Originally sold as the "104 Coupé", the shorter wheelbase models later received names beginning with a "Z" (e. g. ZL, ZA, ZS2). Equipment levels which begin with a "G" or an "S" were used for the longer four/five door variants.

A facelift in July 1976 Peugeot had been afraid that a five door 104 would steal sales from the old fashioned 204 Break, but with production of the 204 coming to an end in July 1976 this was no longer a concern. Rear light clusters were modified slightly with indicators that wrapped around to the sides of the car, and a 1.1 litre engine was also made available. The coupé was made available in two versions, the ZL and also the more powerful ZS with 66 PS. 1977 proved to be the most successful year for the 104, with 190,000 being built. The more powerful engine from the ZS was briefly available in the five door hatchback "Sundgau" special edition, of which 1,200 examples were built in March and April 1978. For 1979 the ZL Coupé was upgraded to a version of the 1,124 cc engine. The existing 72 PS version remained on sale at a lower price until the 1984 model year was introduced. The power gain was achieved by using two carburetors rather than one double barrel unit.

In 1983, the number of models offered was reduced to make way for the new 205 and exports to most foreign markets gradually came to an end. It remained on sale in France until the end of production in 1988. The sporting ZS remained on sale until late 1985; for the 1986 model year only the 1,124 cc engine remained. There was a minor facelift in 1987, introducing a new grille with three body coloured horizontal bars and anthracite bumpers now without a chrome band.

A limited run of 1,000 sporting ZS 2s were built in 1979. They were powered by a 1,360 cc four cylinder engine.

Several prototypes based on the 104 are known to exist. Different power sources were tried out, including electric and diesel. The M18 prototype (circa 1976) was a blue 5 door estate, with rear light clusters similar to those that were used on the 504 estate. The M23 was a dark red 3 door van concept based on the saloon rather than the existing 3 door coupé. A yellow three box saloon (pictured) is also known, as is a white pick up truck and the "Peugette" a roadster prototype built on the 104 ZS platform.

After Peugeot assumed control of Citroën in 1975, forming the PSA Group, the 104 coupé bodywork was shared with the 602 cc two cylinder engined Citroën LN. In 1982 this car was fitted with the more modern 652 cc engine of the Visa in 1983 to become the LNA, before production ended in 1985.

The mechanical configuration of the 104 (with longer travel suspension), was also used in the Citroën Visa, leading to the abandonment of the Citroën Prototype Y plan for the Visa, although that plan went on to be used on Romanian built cars. The Visa, unlike the LN / LNA, had its own distinctive body style and packaging. It remained in production until 1988, the same year as the 104's demise.

The Peugeot 104 was one of the most successful European small cars of the 1970s but it was starting to show its age against more modern rivals by the turn of the 1980s. When Peugeot launched the stylish all new 205 in 1983, the 104 was withdrawn from most European markets, including Britain. But it continued in France as a budget choice until production finally ceased in May 1988 after 16 years in which time 1,624,992 Peugeot 104s had been built. 345,849 of these were the short wheelbase Coupé versions. As of 2019, only 12 Peugeot 104s remain taxed and on the roads in the United Kingdom with 24 on SORN.