Хсиньчу: История, География и Население уезда

Hsinchu County

Hsinchu County is a county administered as part of the nominal Taiwan Province of the Republic of China (ROC). Located in north western Taiwan, the population of the county is mainly Hakka; with a Taiwanese aboriginal minority in the southeastern part of the county. Zhubei is the county seat, where the government office and county office is located. A portion of the Hsinchu Science Park is located in Hsinchu County.

Before the arrival of the Han Chinese, the Hsinchu area was home to the indigenous Taokas, Saisiyat, and Atayal. After the Spanish occupied northern Taiwan, Catholic missionaries arrived at Tek kham in 1626. Minnanese (Hoklo) and Hakka came and began to cultivate the land from the plains near the sea towards the river valleys and hills.

In 1684, Zhuluo County was established during Qing dynasty rule and more Han settled near Tek kham. A Chinese city was established there in 1711 and renamed Hsinchu in 1875. It became part of Taipeh Prefecture. In the late 19th century, Hoklo people dominated the coastal plains, forcing the Saisiyat and Atayal tribes to move to areas around Jianshi and Wufeng, while the Hakka and Taokas settled together in the river valleys and hills.

Japanese occupation of Taiwan began after the First Sino Japanese War in 1895. Hsinchu became known as Shinchiku and, by 1920, its prefecture covered the areas of modern day Hsinchu County and City, Miaoli, and Taoyuan.

After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in 1945, Hsinchu County was established on 25 December 1945. In August 1950, Miaoli and Taoyuan were taken out from the county area to form Miaoli County and Taoyuan County respectively. On 16 August 1950, Hsinchu City was incorporated to the county as county administered city. However, the city was then upgraded again to become a provincial city on 1 July 1982 and was taken out from Hsinchu County area. The county's Xiangshan Township was incorporated into Hsinchu City on 1 July 1982. In 2021, plans are underway to have both Hsinchu county and city merged into the nation's seventh special municipality.

Hsinchu County is located at the northwest part of Taiwan Island. The county borders Taoyuan City to the north, Miaoli County to the south, the Taiwan Strait to the west, and the Xueshan & Dabajian mountains to the east. With an area spanning up to , Hsinchu County is composed mainly of uplands, tablelands, mountains, the alluvial plains of the Fengshan River and Touqian River mouth area, and some ancient river land.

The population of the county consists of Hakka, Hoklo, aborigines and new immigrants. The Hakka people constituted around 84% of the total population in 2014, while the aborigines consisted mainly of Atayal and Saisiyat people. As of October 2023, the total population was 588,535, with 288,912 females and 299,623 males.

After the founding of Hsinchu Science Park in 1980, a high number of high tech industries began to grow and expand outside the park, attracting workers coming to work and settle in the county.

Education in Hsinchu County is administered by the Education Department of Hsinchu County Government. The county is home to the Minghsin University of Science and Technology and Ta Hwa University of Science and Technology.

Hsinchu County is home to the gas fired Hsintao Power Plant with a capacity of 600 MW located in Guanxi Township.

Hsinchu County houses the Baoshan Dam and Baoshan Second Dam.

Hsinchu County has one professional basketball team, the Hsinchu JKO Lioneers of the P. League+.

The Hsinchu Station of the Taiwan High Speed Rail is located in the county at Zhubei City. Hsinchu County is crossed by three Taiwan Railways Administration lines, which are the Liujia Line, Neiwan Line and Western Line.