Введение
Знак препинания (;)
Punctuation mark (;)
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
Точка с запятой (или полуточка) – символ, обычно используемый как орфографический знак препинания. В английском языке точка с запятой чаще всего используется для связи (в одном предложении) двух независимых предложений, тесно связанных по смыслу, например, при перефразировании предыдущей идеи другими словами. Когда точка с запятой соединяет две или более идеи в одном предложении, эти идеи получают равный вес. Точки с запятой также могут использоваться вместо запятых для разделения элементов в списке, особенно когда сами элементы списка содержат запятые. Точка с запятой – один из наименее понятных стандартных знаков препинания и не часто используется многими носителями английского языка. В раскладке клавиатуры QWERTY точка с запятой находится в базовом ряду под мизинцем правой руки и широко используется в языках программирования как разделитель или терминатор оператора. См. также колофон в конце книги: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. («напечатано в Венеции в доме Альдо в феврале 1495 года [m. v.]»). Использование точки с запятой подтверждено в книге Пьетро Бембо «De Aetna», изданной Альдо Мануцио. Этот знак препинания встречается и в более поздних трудах Бембо. Более того, он используется в 1507 году Бартоломео Санвито, который был близок к кругу Мануцио. В 1561 году внук Мануцио, также известный как Альдо Мануцио, объясняет использование точки с запятой с несколькими примерами в «Orthographiae ratio». В частности, Мануцио обосновывает необходимость пунктуации (interpungō) для разделения (distinguō) предложений и, тем самым, для их понимания. Запятая, точка с запятой, двоеточие и точка рассматриваются как ступени, восходящие от низшего к высшему; точка с запятой, таким образом, является промежуточным значением между запятой и двоеточием. Вот четыре примера из книги, иллюстрирующие это:
Punctuation mark (;)
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Общественное, частное; священное, нечестивое; твое, чужое. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Разум учит, что если судьба неблагоприятна, не следует слишком сильно печалиться; если благоприятна – умеренно радоваться. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. Ты охотно созерцаешь, чего стоят богатства; а вот чего стоит добродетель – не так. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Хотя царит всеобщая неразбериха, и каждый больше всего сожалеет о своей судьбе, и нет никого, кто бы не предпочел быть где угодно, чем там, где он есть, тем не менее, я не сомневаюсь, что в нынешнее время честному человеку быть в Риме – самое страшное несчастье. Около 1580 года Генри Денхэм начинает использовать точку с запятой «надлежащим образом» в английских текстах, и более широкое использование набирает обороты в последующие десятилетия. Около 1640 года в книге Бена Джонсона «Английская грамматика» этот символ описывается как «несколько более длительная пауза» по сравнению с запятой. Цель паузы, по словам Джонсона, – способствовать пониманию. В 1644 году в «The English Primrose» Ричарда Ходжеса написано:
Punctuation mark (;)
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
При запятой остановитесь немного;
[ ]
При точке с запятой – немного больше;
[ ]
При двоеточии – немного больше, чем при запятой;
[ ]
При точке – сделайте полную остановку;
Punctuation mark (;)
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
В 1762 году в «Кратком введении в английскую грамматику» Роберта Лоута проводится параллель между знаками препинания и паузами в музыке:
Punctuation mark (;)
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
Точка – это пауза в количестве или продолжительности, вдвое превышающая двоеточие; двоеточие – вдвое превышает точку с запятой; а точка с запятой – вдвое превышает запятую. Таким образом, они находятся в том же соотношении друг к другу, как semibrief, minim, crotchet и quaver в музыке. В 1798 году в «Английской грамматике» Линдли Мюррея точка с запятой вводится следующим образом:
Punctuation mark (;)
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
Точка с запятой используется для разделения сложного предложения на две или более частей, не столь тесно связанных, как те, которые разделены запятой, и не настолько мало зависимых друг от друга, как те, которые разделены двоеточием. Точка с запятой иногда используется, когда предыдущий член предложения сам по себе не имеет полного смысла, а зависит от следующего предложения; и иногда, когда смысл этого члена был бы полным без заключительного; как в следующих примерах.
Punctuation mark (;)
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
The semicolon (or semi colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semicolon joins two or more ideas in one sentence, those ideas are then given equal rank. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of the list themselves have embedded commas. The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and is not frequently used by many English speakers. In the QWERTY keyboard layout, the semicolon resides in the unshifted homerow beneath the little finger of the right hand and has become widely used in programming languages as a statement separator or terminator. See also the colophon at the end of the book: impressum venetiis in aedibus aldi romani mense februario anno M. V. D. ("printed in Venice at the house of Aldo in February 1495 [m. v.]"). the semicolon is attested in Pietro Bembo's book De Aetna [it] printed by Aldo Manuzio. The punctuation also appears in later writings of Bembo. Moreover, it is used in 1507 by Bartolomeo Sanvito, who was close to Manuzio's circle. In 1561, Manuzio's grandson, also called Aldo Manuzio, explains the semicolon's use with several examples in Orthographiae ratio. In particular, Manuzio motivates the need for punctuation (interpungō) to divide (distinguō) sentences and thereby make them understandable. The comma, semicolon, colon, and period are seen as steps, ascending from low to high; the semicolon thereby being an intermediate value between the comma and colon Here are four examples used in the book to illustrate this:
Publica, privata; sacra, profana; tua, aliena. Public, private; sacred, profane; thine, another's. Ratio docet, si adversa fortuna sit, nimium dolendum non esse; si secunda, moderate laetandum. Reason teaches, if fortune is adverse, not to complain too much; if favorable, to rejoice in moderation. Tu, quid divitiae valeant, libenter spectas; quid virtus, non item. You, what riches are worth, gladly consider; what virtue (is worth), not so much. Etsi ea perturbatio est omnium rerum, ut suae quemque fortunae maxime paeniteat; nemoque sit, quin ubivis, quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit: tamen mihi dubium non est, quin hoc tempore bono viro, Romae esse, miserrimum sit. Although it is a universal confusion of affairs(,) such that everyone regrets their own fate above all others; and there is no one, who would not rather anywhere else in the world, than there, where he is, prefer to be: yet I have no doubt, at the present time for an honest man, to be in Rome, is the worst form of misery. Around 1580, Henry Denham starts using the semicolon "with propriety" for English texts, and more widespread usage picks up in the next decades. Around 1640, in Ben Jonson's book The English Grammar, the character is described as "somewhat a longer breath" compared to the comma. The aim of the breathing, according to Jonson, is to aid understanding. In 1644, in Richard Hodges' The English Primrose, it is written:
At a comma, stop a little;
[ ]
At a semi colon, somewhat more;
[ ]
At a colon, a little more than the former;
[ ]
At a period, make a full stop;
In 1762, in Robert Lowth's A Short Introduction to English Grammar, a parallel is drawn between punctuation marks and rest in music:
The Period is a pause in quantity or duration double of the Colon; the Colon is double of the Semicolon; and the Semicolon is double of the Comma. So that they are in the same proportion to one another as the Sembrief, the Minim, the Crotchet, and the Quaver, in Music. In 1798, in Lindley Murray's English Grammar, the semicolon is introduced as follows:
The Semicolon is used for dividing a compound sentence into two or more parts, not so closely connected as those which are separated by a comma, nor yet so little dependent on each other, as those which are distinguished by a colon. The semicolon is sometimes used, when the preceding member of the sentence does not of itself give a complete sense, but depends on the following clause; and sometimes when the sense of that member would be complete without the concluding one; as in the following instances.
Арабский
На арабском языке точка с запятой называется fasila manqoota (فاصلة منقوطة), что буквально означает «запятая с точкой», и пишется зеркально. В арабском языке точка с запятой имеет несколько применений: она может использоваться между двумя фразами, в которых первая фраза является причиной второй. Пример: «Он много играл; поэтому его одежда испачкалась» (لَعِبَ كَثِيرًا؛ فَٱتَّسَخَتْ مَلَابِسُهُ). Она также может использоваться между двумя фразами, где вторая является причиной первой. Пример: «Твоя сестра не получила высоких оценок; она не училась» (لم تحقق أختك درجات عالية؛ لأنها لم تدرس).
In Arabic, the semicolon is called fasila manqoota (فاصلة منقوطة) which means literally "a dotted comma", and is written inverted In Arabic, the semicolon has several uses:
It can be used between two phrases, in which the first phrase causes the second. Example: "He played a lot; so, his clothes became dirty". (لَعِبَ كَثِيرًا؛ فَٱتَّسَخَتْ مَلَابِسُهُ.) It can be used between two phrases, where the second is a reason for the first. Example: "Your sister did not get high marks; she didn't study". (لم تحقق أختك درجات عالية؛ لأنها لم تدرس .)
It can be used between two phrases, in which the first phrase causes the second. Example: "He played a lot; so, his clothes became dirty". (لَعِبَ كَثِيرًا؛ فَٱتَّسَخَتْ مَلَابِسُهُ.) It can be used between two phrases, where the second is a reason for the first. Example: "Your sister did not get high marks; she didn't study". (لم تحقق أختك درجات عالية؛ لأنها لم تدرس .)
Французский
На французском языке точка с запятой (точка с запятой, буквально «точка-запятая») — это разделение между двумя полными предложениями, используемое там, где не подошли бы ни двоеточие, ни запятая. Фраза, следующая за точкой с запятой, должна быть самостоятельной частью, связанной с предыдущей, но не поясняющей её. (Когда вторая часть предложения поясняет первую, во французском языке последовательно используется двоеточие.) Знак тире также используется во французской письменности, но не так широко, как точка с запятой. Использование этих знаков препинания (точки с запятой и тире) варьируется от автора к автору.
In French, a semicolon (point virgule, literally "dot comma") is a separation between two full sentences, used where neither a colon nor a comma would be appropriate. The phrase following a semicolon has to be an independent clause, related to the previous one but not explaining it. (When the second clause explains the first one, French consistently uses a colon.) The dash character is used in French writing too, but not as widely as the semicolon. Usage of these devices (semicolon and dash) varies from author to author.
Данные
Точка с запятой часто используется для разделения элементов текстовой строки. Например, несколько адресов электронной почты в поле "Кому" в некоторых почтовых клиентах должны быть разделены точкой с запятой. В Microsoft Excel точка с запятой используется как разделитель списка, особенно в тех случаях, когда десятичным разделителем является запятая, например, 0,32; 3,14; 4,50, вместо 0.32, 3.14, 4.50. В Lua для разделения элементов таблицы можно использовать точки с запятой или запятые. В MATLAB и GNU Octave точка с запятой может использоваться как разделитель строк при определении вектора или матрицы (в то время как запятая разделяет столбцы в строке вектора или матрицы) или для выполнения команды без вывода результата в консоль. В HTML точка с запятой используется для завершения ссылки на символ, будь то именованная или числовая. Объявления атрибутов стиля в каскадных таблицах стилей (CSS) разделяются и завершаются точками с запятой. Файловая система RSX 11 и OpenVMS, Files 11, использует точки с запятой для указания номера версии файла. Точка с запятой разрешена в длинных именах файлов в файловых системах Microsoft Windows NTFS и VFAT, но не в коротких именах. В некоторых форматах файлов, разделенных значениями, точка с запятой используется в качестве разделительного символа, в качестве альтернативы файлам, разделенным запятыми.
The semicolon is often used to separate elements of a string of text. For example, multiple e mail addresses in the "To" field in some e mail clients have to be delimited by a semicolon. In Microsoft Excel, the semicolon is used as a list separator, especially in cases where the decimal separator is a comma, such as 0,32; 3,14; 4,50, instead of 0.32, 3.14, 4.50. In Lua, semicolons or commas can be used to separate table elements. In MATLAB and GNU Octave, the semicolon can be used as a row separator when defining a vector or matrix (whereas a comma separates the columns within a row of a vector or matrix) or to execute a command silently, without displaying the resulting output value in the console. In HTML, a semicolon is used to terminate a character entity reference, either named or numeric. The declarations of a style attribute in Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are separated and terminated with semicolons. The file system of RSX 11 and OpenVMS, Files 11, uses semicolons to indicate a file's version number. The semicolon is permitted in long filenames in the Microsoft Windows file systems NTFS and VFAT, but not in its short names. In some delimiter separated values file formats, the semicolon is used as the separator character, as an alternative to comma separated values.
Другие применения
Точка с запятой часто используется в качестве части смайликов для обозначения подмигивания или плача, как в ;) и ; ;. Проект "Точка с запятой" – это название религиозной инициативы по предотвращению самоубийств (поскольку точка с запятой продолжает предложение, а не завершает его), что привело к тому, что этот знак препинания стал очень символичной и популярной татуировкой, которую чаще всего делают на запястье.
The semicolon is commonly used as parts of emoticons, in order to indicate winking or crying, as in ;) and ; ;. Project Semicolon is the name of a faith based anti suicide initiative (since the semicolon continues a sentence rather than ending it) which has led to the punctuation mark becoming a highly symbolic and popular tattoo, which is most commonly done on the wrist.