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Form of divination based upon dreams
Oneiromancy (from the όνειροϛ, and μαντεία) is a form of divination based upon dreams, and also uses dreams to predict the future. Oneirogen plants may also be used to produce or enhance dream like states of consciousness. Occasionally, the dreamer feels as if they are transported to another time or place, and this is offered as evidence they are in fact providing divine information upon their return.

The ancient Sumerians in Mesopotamia have left evidence of dream interpretation dating back to at least 3100 BC. and Mesopotamian kings paid close attention to them. First, Gilgamesh himself has two dreams foretelling the arrival of Enkidu. In Tablet VII of the epic, Enkidu recounts to Gilgamesh a dream in which he saw the gods Anu, Enlil, and Shamash condemn him to death. Some list different possible outcomes, based on occasions in which people experienced similar dreams with different results. Ancient Egyptians believed that dreams were like oracles, bringing messages from the gods. They thought that the best way to receive divine revelation was through dreaming and thus they would induce (or "incubate") dreams. Egyptians would go to sanctuaries and sleep on special "dream beds" in hope of receiving advice, comfort, or healing from the gods. The oldest oneirocritic manuscript hitherto discovered is the "Ramesside dream book" now in the British Museum. A unique exemplar of a book of dream interpretation from pre Hellenistic Egypt, the surviving fragments were translated into English by Kasia Szpakowska. Between the paws of the Sphinx, there is a stele describing how Thutmose IV restored the Sphinx as a result of a dream, on the promise of becoming a pharaoh.

Dream divination was a common feature of Greek and Roman religion and literature of all genres. Aristotle and Plato discuss dreams in various works. The only surviving Greco Roman dreambook, the Oneirocritica, was written by Artemidorus. Artemidorus cites a large number of previous authors, all of whom are now lost. These include Artemidoros, Astrampsychos, Nikephoros, Germanos, and Manuel Palaiologos. In Book XIX of the Odyssey, Penelopē said that "dreams which issue forth from the gate of polished horn bring true issues to pass, when any mortal sees them." (Here, there may be a pun of /KRainō/ 'I fulfill' with /KeRas/ 'horn'.) Likewise, Herodotos distinguished /oneiros/ (or /enar/) as "the prophetic, God sent dream" from /en upnion/ "the non predictive dream". In the scheme of Artemidoros, the "oneiros was subdivided into two great categories: allēgorikos, which corresponds to the Platonic theory of the predictive dream operating in the impure soul, and the theōrēmatikos, which is the dream represented in the pure state of the soul."

The pertinent material is included in the several Purāṇa s, such as the Liṅga Purāṇa.

Here, dreams about specific numbers or about reading specific chapters of the Qurʼan are among the chief subjects of prognostication. The most renowned of the Arabic texts of oneiromancy is the Great Book of Interpretation of Dreams, a 15th century compilation of earlier scholarship.

Achmet is an adaptation of an Arabic book to the tastes of a European readership. Derived from older literature, modern dream books are still in common use in Europe and the United States, being commonly sold along with good luck charms.

Sei Shonagon refers to having her dreams interpreted in The Pillow Book. The Taiheiki, a 14th century war chronicle, portrays Emperor Godaigo selecting Kusunoki Masashige as the leader of his forces based on a portentous dream.

The indigenous Chontal of the Mexican state of Oaxaca use Calea zacatechichi, a flowering plant, for oneiromancy by placing it under the pillow of the dreamer. Similarly, Entada rheedii is used in various African cultures.