Угловой удар в футболе: правила и история

Method of restarting play in association football

A corner kick is the method of restarting play in a game of association football when the ball goes out of play over the goal line, without a goal being scored and having last been touched by a member of the defending team. The kick is taken from the corner of the field of play nearest to the place where the ball crossed the goal line. Corners are considered to be a reasonable goal scoring opportunity for the attacking side, though not as much as a penalty kick or a direct free kick near the edge of the penalty area. A corner kick that scores without being touched by another player is called an Olympico goal, or less commonly, Olympic goal.

Most methods of restarting the game do not permit the scoring of an own goal directly from the restart; if the ball enters the goal directly, a corner is awarded instead. This is the case for the kick off, goal kick, A corner kick is only awarded if the ball enters the own goal directly from the first touch after a properly taken dropped ball; an improperly taken dropped ball is retaken.|group="nb" throw in, corner kick, and free kick (direct or indirect). Such incidents are extremely rare, and in some cases require unusual or extraordinary circumstances in order to occur (for example, a ball from a corner kick would have to travel the entire length of the field and enter the kicker's own goal without being touched by any other player). In a 1983–84 English Third Division match, Millwall were incorrectly credited with a goal against Wimbledon rather than a corner, when Wally Downes' free kick backpass eluded an off guard Dave Beasant. In a 2002–03 FA Premier League match, Birmingham City scored against their local rivals Aston Villa when Olof Mellberg's throw in backpass was missed by Villa goalkeeper Peter Enckelman, who reacted with dismay but later claimed he had made no contact and the goal should not have been awarded. His reaction may have persuaded referee David Elleray that Enckelman had grazed the ball; manager Graham Taylor suggested it showed he was unaware of the corner rule, a charge Enckelman denied.

Under the original 1863 rules of the Football Association, a ball kicked behind the goal line was treated similarly to present day rugby: if an attacking player touched the ball down first, the attacking team was awarded a free kick at goal (similar to a conversion in rugby), while if a defending player touched the ball down first, the defending team was awarded a goal kick. These rules were subsequently simplified, so that by 1867 a goal kick was awarded in all circumstances, regardless of which team touched the ball. During this period, clubs around Sheffield played their own distinctive code of football. The laws promulgated in early March 1867 by the newly formed Sheffield Football Association contained a similar rule: a goal kick was awarded whenever the ball went behind the goal line, regardless of which team touched the ball. One problem with these early rules was mentioned at the 1867 FA meeting: Where one side was very much weaker than the other, a very great deal of time was wasted by players intentionally letting the ball go behind their own goal line (in some instances kicking it there themselves) particularly in playing against time.

In 1872, the Sheffield Association successfully introduced the corner kick into the Football Association's code. The new FA rule was identical to the Sheffield rule, as described above.

The name "corner kick" first appears in the laws of 1883.

Initially, all other players were forbidden to be within six yards of the ball at a corner kick; this was altered to all opposing players in 1888. In 1913 and 1914, the distance was increased from six yards to ten yards. In 2006, the minimum distance was specified as ten yards from the corner area, rather than from the ball.

In 1905, it was specified that the ball "must make a complete circuit or travel the distance of its circumference" before being in play. In 1997, this requirement was eliminated: the ball became in play as soon as it was kicked and moved. In 2016, it was specified that the ball must "clearly" move.

When first introduced in 1872, the corner kick was required to be taken from the corner flag itself, which made it impossible for an attacking player to be in an offside position directly from a corner. In 1874, the kick was allowed to be taken up to one yard from the corner flag, thus opening up the possibility of a player being in an offside position by being ahead of the ball. At the International Football Conference of December 1882, it was agreed that a player should not be offside from a corner kick; this change was incorporated into the Laws of the Game in 1883.

When it was first introduced in 1872, there was no restriction on scoring a goal directly from a corner kick. In 1875, this was forbidden, In 1997, the laws were amended to remove the possibility of scoring an own goal directly from a corner kick.

When initially introduced in 1872, there was no restriction on dribbling from a corner kick. In 1875, this was changed: it was forbidden for a player to touch the ball again after taking a corner kick, before the ball had been touched by another player. In 1924, this restriction was accidentally removed, as an unintended consequence of the law change allowing a goal to be scored directly from a corner. This possibility was exploited by Everton winger Sam Chedgzoy in a match against Arsenal on 15 November of that year. At the end of November, the International Football Association Board issued emergency instructions that dribbling was once again forbidden. The law was formally amended to prohibit dribbling at the next annual meeting of the Board, in 1925.

In 1882, an indirect free kick was awarded when the player taking the corner kick touched the ball again before it had touched another player. In 1905, an indirect free kick was awarded for any infringement at a corner kick. These penalties were accidentally removed from the laws in 1924, as described above. In 1930, both penalties were reinstated. In 1973, the remedy for infringements other than the double touch was changed to a retake.

The one yard quarter circle pitch marking is first explicitly mentioned in the Laws of the Game in 1938, but appears in the diagram of the pitch as early as 1902. In 1995, the Laws of the Game were updated to explicitly allow optional marks on the goal line 11 yards from the corner flag, at right angles to the goal line, to aid the referee in enforcing the minimum distance from the corner kick. In 2008, similar optional marks were permitted at right angles to the touch lines. (In 1977, the Scottish FA had proposed an additional pitch marking of a quarter circle with a radius of 11 yards for this purpose, but the suggestion was rejected).

In the early 1920s, some charity matches began using corner kicks as a tie breaker in order to avoid replays. In response, the laws of the game were amended in 1923 to state explicitly that the goal was the only means of scoring, and that a match that ended with equal number of goals scored was drawn. Despite this, the Dublin City Cup (until the 1960s) and Dublin and Belfast Inter City Cup (in the 1940s) used corner count as a tiebreaker in knockout rounds. The use of corner kicks in this manner was never approved by the International Football Association Board, and in 1970 IFAB endorsed the penalty shoot out as its approved method of breaking ties.