Экспедиция МКС-6: длительная миссия и возвращение на "Союзе"
Expedition 6
Экспедиция 6 на МКС: длительная миссия (2002-2003). Последний экипаж из трех человек до STS-121. Два выхода в открытый космос, сборка и обслуживание станции.
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Содержание
Введение
Долгосрочная миссия на Международную космическую станцию
Long duration mission to the International Space Station
Экспедиция 6 была шестой экспедицией на Международную космическую станцию (25 ноября 2002 года – 3 мая 2003 года). Это был последний экипаж из трех человек, проживавший на станции до прибытия STS-121. Экипаж совершил два выхода в открытый космос для поддержки обслуживания и сборки Международной космической станции.
Expedition 6 was the sixth expedition to the International Space Station (25 November 2002 – 3 May 2003). It was the last three man crew to reside on the station until the arrival of STS 121. The crew performed two spacewalks in support of maintenance and assembly of the International Space Station.
Цели миссии
Шестой экипаж станции был доставлен на станцию на борту космического шаттла Endeavour STS 113 в ноябре 2002 года. Миссия планировалась на четыре месяца и должна была завершиться в марте 2003 года, когда Atlantis STS 114 должен был прибыть на станцию с экипажем экспедиции 7. Катастрофа шаттла "Колумбия", произошедшая во время миссии 1 февраля 2003 года и приведшая к неопределённой приостановке полётов шаттлов, потребовала изменения планов, в результате чего экипаж оставался на станции до мая 2003 года. Они вернулись на Землю на корабле "Союз ТМА-1", а сокращённый экипаж экспедиции 7, состоящий из двух человек, был доставлен на МКС на "Союзе ТМА-2". Ожидалось, что космические шаттлы будут выведены из эксплуатации на срок до двух лет. Обеспечение постоянной логистической поддержки МКС должно было осуществляться полётами "Союза" и "Прогресса" до возобновления полётов шаттлов. Шестой экипаж Международной космической станции вернулся на Землю 3 мая 2003 года около 22:00 по восточному времени. Это был первый случай, когда американские астронавты приземлились на российском космическом корабле "Союз", хотя американский космический турист Деннис Тито совершил подобный полёт в 2001 году. Российский центр управления полётами сообщил примерно в 2:45 утра 4 мая, что спасательные вертолёты достигли экипажа, и все три астронавта находятся в удовлетворительном состоянии. Капсула приземлилась примерно в 444 километрах от запланированной посадочной площадки. Изначально на место Дона Петтита в экипаже экспедиции 6 планировалось отправить Дональда А. Томаса.
The Station's sixth crew was launched to the Station aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour STS 113 in November 2002. The mission was planned to be a four month mission that was to end in March 2003 when Atlantis STS 114 was to fly to the Station with the Expedition 7 crew. The Columbia disaster, which occurred during the mission on 1 February 2003 and resulted in the indefinite suspension of Shuttle flights, led to a change of plan such that the crew stayed on the station until May 2003. They returned to Earth on Soyuz TMA 1, and a reduced Expedition 7 crew with just two members was delivered to the ISS on Soyuz TMA 2. The Space Shuttle was expected to be grounded for up to two years. Ongoing logistical support for the ISS would have to be carried out by Soyuz and Progress flights until the Space Shuttle returned to flight. The sixth crew of the International Space Station returned to Earth just after 10 p. m. EDT on 3 May 2003, the first time U. S. astronauts landed in a Russian Soyuz spacecraft, though a U. S. space tourist, Dennis Tito, had done so in 2001. Russian Mission Control reported at approximately 2:45 a. m. on 4 May that the support helicopters had reached the crew and all three astronauts were in good health. The capsule touched down approximately 276 miles (444 km) from its planned landing zone. Originally scheduled to fly on the Expedition 6 crew in place of Don Pettit was Donald A. Thomas.
Прогулки в космосе
Экипаж экспедиции 6 совершил два выхода в открытый космос во время пребывания на Международной космической станции. Оба выхода были организованы из шлюзовой камеры Quest, а космонавты использовали американские скафандры, которые называются Экстравехикулярными мобильными установками, или EMU. Первоначально экипаж должен был выполнить только один выход в открытый космос, но второй был добавлен в план работ на 8 апреля для подготовки к будущим миссиям по сборке. Эти два выхода в открытый космос в рамках экспедиции 6 увеличили общее количество выходов, выполненных в поддержку сборки и обслуживания МКС, до 51. Из этих 51 выхода 26 были осуществлены снаружи станции, а 17 – с использованием шлюзовой камеры Quest. Боуэрсокс и Петтит провели в открытом космосе 13 часов 17 минут.
The Expedition Six crew conducted two spacewalks during its stay at the International Space Station. Both were based out of the Quest Airlock, and the spacewalkers used U. S. spacesuits, which are called Extravehicular Mobility Units, or EMUs. The crew was originally scheduled to conduct only one spacewalk, but a second was added to the manifest for 8 April in order to prepare for future assembly missions. The two Expedition Six extravehicular activities bring the total number of spacewalks conducted in support of ISS assembly and maintenance to 51. Of those 51 EVA's, Twenty six have been based out of the station, with 17 staged from Quest. Bowersox and Pettit accumulated 13 hours and 17 minutes of spacewalking time at the station. MissionSpacewalkersStart (UTC)End (UTC)DurationExpedition 6EVA 1 Ken Bowersox Don Pettit 15 January 2003 12:50 15 January 2003 19:41 6 hours, 51 minutesBowersox and Pettit continued outfitting and activating the International Space Station's newest component, the P1 (P One) Truss. The P1's radiator assembly was a major focus during the spacewalk. Bowersox and Pettit released the remaining launch locks on the radiator assembly, which allowed the radiator assembly to be deployed. Other scheduled tasks completed included removing some debris that was on a sealing ring on the Unity Module's Earth facing docking port, and they tested an ammonia reservoir on the station's P6 Truss. They were unable to complete one scheduled task—the installation of a light fixture on one of the station's Crew and Equipment Translation Aid, or CETA, carts. The fixture's attachment was rescheduled for a future spacewalk. To complete the spacewalk, Bowersox and Pettit cut away a thermal cover strap that apparently interfered with the rotation of the Quest Airlock's hatch and delayed the start of the extravehicular activity. Expedition 6EVA 2 Bowersox Pettit 8 April 2003 12:40 8 April 2003 19:06 6 hours, 26 minutesBowersox and Pettit reconfigured cables on the S0 (S Zero), S1 and P1 Trusses for future Integrated Truss Structure component deliveries and replaced a Power Control Module on the Mobile Transporter. They provided Control Moment Gyro No. 2 with a redundant power channel capability by rerouting cables. Then, they installed Spool Positioning Devices on Destiny Laboratory heat exchangers and reinstalled a thermal cover on an S1 Radiator Beam Valve Module. Bowersox and Pettit also unfurled a light stanchion on the CETA cart that did not unfurl properly during their first spacewalk.
Миссия | Космонавты | Начало (UTC) | Конец (UTC) | Продолжительность
---|---|---|---|---
Экспедиция 6, EVA 1 | Кен Боуэрсокс, Дон Петтит | 15 января 2003, 12:50 | 15 января 2003, 19:41 | 6 часов 51 минута
The Expedition Six crew conducted two spacewalks during its stay at the International Space Station. Both were based out of the Quest Airlock, and the spacewalkers used U. S. spacesuits, which are called Extravehicular Mobility Units, or EMUs. The crew was originally scheduled to conduct only one spacewalk, but a second was added to the manifest for 8 April in order to prepare for future assembly missions. The two Expedition Six extravehicular activities bring the total number of spacewalks conducted in support of ISS assembly and maintenance to 51. Of those 51 EVA's, Twenty six have been based out of the station, with 17 staged from Quest. Bowersox and Pettit accumulated 13 hours and 17 minutes of spacewalking time at the station. MissionSpacewalkersStart (UTC)End (UTC)DurationExpedition 6EVA 1 Ken Bowersox Don Pettit 15 January 2003 12:50 15 January 2003 19:41 6 hours, 51 minutesBowersox and Pettit continued outfitting and activating the International Space Station's newest component, the P1 (P One) Truss. The P1's radiator assembly was a major focus during the spacewalk. Bowersox and Pettit released the remaining launch locks on the radiator assembly, which allowed the radiator assembly to be deployed. Other scheduled tasks completed included removing some debris that was on a sealing ring on the Unity Module's Earth facing docking port, and they tested an ammonia reservoir on the station's P6 Truss. They were unable to complete one scheduled task—the installation of a light fixture on one of the station's Crew and Equipment Translation Aid, or CETA, carts. The fixture's attachment was rescheduled for a future spacewalk. To complete the spacewalk, Bowersox and Pettit cut away a thermal cover strap that apparently interfered with the rotation of the Quest Airlock's hatch and delayed the start of the extravehicular activity. Expedition 6EVA 2 Bowersox Pettit 8 April 2003 12:40 8 April 2003 19:06 6 hours, 26 minutesBowersox and Pettit reconfigured cables on the S0 (S Zero), S1 and P1 Trusses for future Integrated Truss Structure component deliveries and replaced a Power Control Module on the Mobile Transporter. They provided Control Moment Gyro No. 2 with a redundant power channel capability by rerouting cables. Then, they installed Spool Positioning Devices on Destiny Laboratory heat exchangers and reinstalled a thermal cover on an S1 Radiator Beam Valve Module. Bowersox and Pettit also unfurled a light stanchion on the CETA cart that did not unfurl properly during their first spacewalk.
Боуэрсокс и Петтит продолжили оснащение и активацию новейшего компонента Международной космической станции – фермы P1 (P One) Truss. Сборка радиатора P1 была основным приоритетом во время выхода в открытый космос. Боуэрсокс и Петтит освободили оставшиеся пусковые замки на радиаторной установке, что позволило развернуть радиатор. Другие запланированные задачи включали удаление обломков с уплотнительного кольца стыковочного узла модуля "Юнити", ориентированного к Земле, и тестирование аммиачного резервуара на ферме P6 станции. Они не смогли выполнить одну из запланированных задач – установку осветительного прибора на одной из тележек CETA (Crew and Equipment Translation Aid) – для транспортировки экипажа и оборудования. Установка прибора была перенесена на будущий выход в открытый космос. Чтобы завершить выход, Боуэрсокс и Петтит перерезали ремень теплоизоляционного покрытия, который, по-видимому, мешал вращению люка шлюзовой камеры Quest и задерживал начало внекорабельной деятельности.
The Expedition Six crew conducted two spacewalks during its stay at the International Space Station. Both were based out of the Quest Airlock, and the spacewalkers used U. S. spacesuits, which are called Extravehicular Mobility Units, or EMUs. The crew was originally scheduled to conduct only one spacewalk, but a second was added to the manifest for 8 April in order to prepare for future assembly missions. The two Expedition Six extravehicular activities bring the total number of spacewalks conducted in support of ISS assembly and maintenance to 51. Of those 51 EVA's, Twenty six have been based out of the station, with 17 staged from Quest. Bowersox and Pettit accumulated 13 hours and 17 minutes of spacewalking time at the station. MissionSpacewalkersStart (UTC)End (UTC)DurationExpedition 6EVA 1 Ken Bowersox Don Pettit 15 January 2003 12:50 15 January 2003 19:41 6 hours, 51 minutesBowersox and Pettit continued outfitting and activating the International Space Station's newest component, the P1 (P One) Truss. The P1's radiator assembly was a major focus during the spacewalk. Bowersox and Pettit released the remaining launch locks on the radiator assembly, which allowed the radiator assembly to be deployed. Other scheduled tasks completed included removing some debris that was on a sealing ring on the Unity Module's Earth facing docking port, and they tested an ammonia reservoir on the station's P6 Truss. They were unable to complete one scheduled task—the installation of a light fixture on one of the station's Crew and Equipment Translation Aid, or CETA, carts. The fixture's attachment was rescheduled for a future spacewalk. To complete the spacewalk, Bowersox and Pettit cut away a thermal cover strap that apparently interfered with the rotation of the Quest Airlock's hatch and delayed the start of the extravehicular activity. Expedition 6EVA 2 Bowersox Pettit 8 April 2003 12:40 8 April 2003 19:06 6 hours, 26 minutesBowersox and Pettit reconfigured cables on the S0 (S Zero), S1 and P1 Trusses for future Integrated Truss Structure component deliveries and replaced a Power Control Module on the Mobile Transporter. They provided Control Moment Gyro No. 2 with a redundant power channel capability by rerouting cables. Then, they installed Spool Positioning Devices on Destiny Laboratory heat exchangers and reinstalled a thermal cover on an S1 Radiator Beam Valve Module. Bowersox and Pettit also unfurled a light stanchion on the CETA cart that did not unfurl properly during their first spacewalk.
Экспедиция 6, EVA 2 | Боуэрсокс, Петтит | 8 апреля 2003, 12:40 | 8 апреля 2003, 19:06 | 6 часов 26 минут
The Expedition Six crew conducted two spacewalks during its stay at the International Space Station. Both were based out of the Quest Airlock, and the spacewalkers used U. S. spacesuits, which are called Extravehicular Mobility Units, or EMUs. The crew was originally scheduled to conduct only one spacewalk, but a second was added to the manifest for 8 April in order to prepare for future assembly missions. The two Expedition Six extravehicular activities bring the total number of spacewalks conducted in support of ISS assembly and maintenance to 51. Of those 51 EVA's, Twenty six have been based out of the station, with 17 staged from Quest. Bowersox and Pettit accumulated 13 hours and 17 minutes of spacewalking time at the station. MissionSpacewalkersStart (UTC)End (UTC)DurationExpedition 6EVA 1 Ken Bowersox Don Pettit 15 January 2003 12:50 15 January 2003 19:41 6 hours, 51 minutesBowersox and Pettit continued outfitting and activating the International Space Station's newest component, the P1 (P One) Truss. The P1's radiator assembly was a major focus during the spacewalk. Bowersox and Pettit released the remaining launch locks on the radiator assembly, which allowed the radiator assembly to be deployed. Other scheduled tasks completed included removing some debris that was on a sealing ring on the Unity Module's Earth facing docking port, and they tested an ammonia reservoir on the station's P6 Truss. They were unable to complete one scheduled task—the installation of a light fixture on one of the station's Crew and Equipment Translation Aid, or CETA, carts. The fixture's attachment was rescheduled for a future spacewalk. To complete the spacewalk, Bowersox and Pettit cut away a thermal cover strap that apparently interfered with the rotation of the Quest Airlock's hatch and delayed the start of the extravehicular activity. Expedition 6EVA 2 Bowersox Pettit 8 April 2003 12:40 8 April 2003 19:06 6 hours, 26 minutesBowersox and Pettit reconfigured cables on the S0 (S Zero), S1 and P1 Trusses for future Integrated Truss Structure component deliveries and replaced a Power Control Module on the Mobile Transporter. They provided Control Moment Gyro No. 2 with a redundant power channel capability by rerouting cables. Then, they installed Spool Positioning Devices on Destiny Laboratory heat exchangers and reinstalled a thermal cover on an S1 Radiator Beam Valve Module. Bowersox and Pettit also unfurled a light stanchion on the CETA cart that did not unfurl properly during their first spacewalk.
Боуэрсокс и Петтит переконфигурировали кабели на фермах S0 (S Zero), S1 и P1 Truss для будущих поставок компонентов интегрированной ферменной структуры и заменили модуль управления питанием на мобильном транспортере. Они обеспечили гироскопу управления моментом №2 резервный канал питания, перенаправив кабели. Затем они установили устройства позиционирования катушек на теплообменники лаборатории "Дестини" и повторно установили тепловую крышку на модуль клапана луча радиатора S1. Боуэрсокс и Петтит также развернули светостойку на тележке CETA, которая не развернулась должным образом во время их первого выхода в открытый космос.
The Expedition Six crew conducted two spacewalks during its stay at the International Space Station. Both were based out of the Quest Airlock, and the spacewalkers used U. S. spacesuits, which are called Extravehicular Mobility Units, or EMUs. The crew was originally scheduled to conduct only one spacewalk, but a second was added to the manifest for 8 April in order to prepare for future assembly missions. The two Expedition Six extravehicular activities bring the total number of spacewalks conducted in support of ISS assembly and maintenance to 51. Of those 51 EVA's, Twenty six have been based out of the station, with 17 staged from Quest. Bowersox and Pettit accumulated 13 hours and 17 minutes of spacewalking time at the station. MissionSpacewalkersStart (UTC)End (UTC)DurationExpedition 6EVA 1 Ken Bowersox Don Pettit 15 January 2003 12:50 15 January 2003 19:41 6 hours, 51 minutesBowersox and Pettit continued outfitting and activating the International Space Station's newest component, the P1 (P One) Truss. The P1's radiator assembly was a major focus during the spacewalk. Bowersox and Pettit released the remaining launch locks on the radiator assembly, which allowed the radiator assembly to be deployed. Other scheduled tasks completed included removing some debris that was on a sealing ring on the Unity Module's Earth facing docking port, and they tested an ammonia reservoir on the station's P6 Truss. They were unable to complete one scheduled task—the installation of a light fixture on one of the station's Crew and Equipment Translation Aid, or CETA, carts. The fixture's attachment was rescheduled for a future spacewalk. To complete the spacewalk, Bowersox and Pettit cut away a thermal cover strap that apparently interfered with the rotation of the Quest Airlock's hatch and delayed the start of the extravehicular activity. Expedition 6EVA 2 Bowersox Pettit 8 April 2003 12:40 8 April 2003 19:06 6 hours, 26 minutesBowersox and Pettit reconfigured cables on the S0 (S Zero), S1 and P1 Trusses for future Integrated Truss Structure component deliveries and replaced a Power Control Module on the Mobile Transporter. They provided Control Moment Gyro No. 2 with a redundant power channel capability by rerouting cables. Then, they installed Spool Positioning Devices on Destiny Laboratory heat exchangers and reinstalled a thermal cover on an S1 Radiator Beam Valve Module. Bowersox and Pettit also unfurled a light stanchion on the CETA cart that did not unfurl properly during their first spacewalk.
Культурные отсылки
Экспедиция 6 является темой книги Криса Джонса «Слишком далеко от дома: история жизни и смерти в космосе». Драматизированный рассказ об Экспедиции 6 представлен в пьесе «Экспедиция 6», написанной актером и драматургом Биллом Пуллманом. Постановку планировали показывать в театре Magic в Сан-Франциско до 7 октября 2007 года.
Expedition 6 is the subject of the book Too Far From Home: A Story of Life and Death in Space, by Chris Jones. A dramatised account of Expedition 6 is told in Expedition 6, a play by actor/playwright Bill Pullman. The play was scheduled to run at San Francisco's Magic Theater through 7 October 2007.