Введение
Разрушители класса "Симс" были построены для ВМС США и вступили в строй в 1939 и 1940 годах. Эти двенадцать кораблей стали последним классом эсминцев США, завершенным до вступления Америки во Вторую мировую войну. Все эсминцы класса "Симс" участвовали в боевых действиях во Второй мировой войне, и семь из них пережили войну. Ни один корабль этого класса не находился в эксплуатации после 1946 года. Они были построены в соответствии со Вторым Лондонским морским соглашением, которое сняло ограничение на стандартное водоизмещение эсминцев, но общее ограничение осталось в силе. Таким образом, чтобы максимизировать количество эсминцев и избежать разработки совершенно новой конструкции, эсминцы класса "Симс" были спроектированы всего на 70 тонн больше, чем предыдущие эсминцы. Обычно их относят к классу эсминцев водоизмещением 1500 тонн, и они были шестым классом эсминцев после возобновления производства эсминцев класса "Фаррагут" в 1932 году. Класс активно использовался во Второй мировой войне, и пять эсминцев были потеряны в ходе войны. Из пяти потерянных кораблей четыре были потоплены японцами, а один – немцами. Класс осуществлял нейтральное патрулирование в Атлантике в 1940–1941 годах. За исключением "Роу", "Уэйнрайт" и "Бак", класс был переброшен в Тихий океан вскоре после нападения на Перл-Харбор. Все корабли прошли интенсивную боевую службу. К концу войны в августе 1945 года три из семи выживших кораблей проходили капитальный ремонт, который так и не был завершен, и в конечном итоге были списаны. Оставшиеся четыре исправных корабля были использованы в качестве мишеней во время атомных испытаний "Кроссроудс" в 1946 году на атолле Бикини. Один корабль был потоплен первым взрывом, а остальные три были потоплены в качестве мишеней два года спустя после использования в качестве экспериментальных платформ.
The Sims class''' destroyers were built for the United States Navy, and commissioned in 1939 and 1940. These twelve ships were the last United States destroyer class completed prior to the American entry into World War II. All Sims class ships saw action in World War II, and seven survived the war. No ship of this class saw service after 1946. They were built under the Second London Naval Treaty, in which the limit on destroyer standard displacement was lifted, but an overall limit remained. Thus, to maximize the number of destroyers and avoid developing an all new design, the Sims class were only 70 tons larger as designed than previous destroyers. They are usually grouped with the 1500 ton classes and were the sixth destroyer class since production resumed with the Farragut class in 1932. The class served extensively in World War II, and five of the class were lost in the war. Of the five ships lost, four were at the hands of the Japanese and one at the hands of the Germans. The class served on Neutrality Patrols in the Atlantic in 1940 41. Except for Roe, Wainwright, and Buck, the class was transferred to the Pacific shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor. All of the ships saw extensive combat service. At the war's end in August 1945, three of the seven survivors were undergoing overhauls that were left unfinished, and were ultimately scrapped. The remaining four seaworthy ships were used as targets during the 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic tests at Bikini Atoll. One was sunk by the first blast, while the other three were sunk as targets two years later after serving as experimental platforms. Design
Compared with the s, the Sims class were increased 8 feet (2 m) in hull length, and started a trend of increased size that led to the numerous larger 2100 ton destroyer classes that marked wartime construction. The class was designed by Gibbs & Cox. They incorporated streamlining of the bridge structure and the forward part of the hull, in an attempt to increase speed and improve fuel economy. They also had an additional 5 inch gun, with the torpedo tubes re arranged so one less quadruple mount could be used while maintaining an eight tube broadside. When Anderson, first of the class to be delivered in early 1939, was found to be 150 tons overweight and dangerously top heavy due to insufficient metacentric height, it touched off a redesign and rebuilding of the class. One gun (No. 3) and one quad torpedo tube mount were removed, with another torpedo tube mount relocated to the centerline. Engineering
The Sims class nearly duplicated the advanced machinery of the preceding Benham class, they were the last built with the boiler rooms adjacent forward and the engine rooms adjacent aft and therefore the last one stack US destroyers. Steam pressure was (one reference says 565 psi), superheated to Features that improved fuel economy included boiler economizers, double reduction gearing, and cruising turbines. The main turbines developed on Sims trials and were manufactured by Westinghouse. Armament
The Sims class introduced the advanced Mark 37 Gun Fire Control System. With a turret mounted gun director as in previous systems, the Mark 37 system incorporated the Ford Mark 1 Fire Control Computer mounted in a plotting room deep in the hull, which enabled automatic aiming of guns against surface or air targets with firing solutions in near real time. The system would evolve and be used extensively to control most 5 inch guns on destroyers and larger ships, and remained in service on US ships until the 1970s. The class was completed with five 5 inch dual purpose guns (anti surface and anti aircraft (AA)); the two forward mounts and the aftermost mount were enclosed. The class proved to be top heavy, and a quadruple torpedo mount and one 5 inch gun (No. 3) were removed by 1941. Early units were completed with 12 torpedo tubes in three quad mounts, one mounted centerline, the others port and starboard, while later ships were completed (and all eventually modified) with eight in two quad mounts, all on the centerline. The Mark 15 torpedo was equipped. The 5 inch guns were removed some time after the torpedo tubes were removed in most cases. The as built light AA armament of four .50 caliber machine guns (12.7 mm), the same as previous 1500 ton classes, was inadequate. This was partially remedied by increasing the number of guns to eight by 1941. As with most US Navy warships, the light AA armament was replaced with 40 mm Bofors and 20 mm Oerlikon guns within 18 months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Initially, this was four 40 mm in two twin mounts and four single 20 mm guns. In 1945, with the emerging kamikaze threat and the dwindling threat from Japanese surface ships, Mustin, Morris, and Russell had all torpedo tubes removed in favor of four additional 40 mm guns for a total of eight in four twin mounts and were authorized replacement of the 20 mm single mounts by twin mounts; the latter part was not completed. The as built anti submarine armament of two depth charge racks was augmented by up to six K gun depth charge throwers during the war. Service
The class served extensively in World War II, and five of the class were lost in the war. Of the five ships lost, four were at the hands of the Japanese and one at the hands of the Germans. The class served on Neutrality Patrols in the North Atlantic, Caribbean, and South Atlantic in 1940–41. Except for Roe, Wainwright, and Buck, the class was transferred to the Pacific shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, where they often screened aircraft carriers. Two were sunk as a direct result of this duty by the same torpedo spreads that killed their carriers; Hammann escorting Yorktown in the Battle of Midway and O'Brien escorting Wasp on 15 September 1942 (O'Brien did not sink until 19 October). Walke became the only ship of the class to be sunk in action against enemy surface warships when she attempted to attack Japanese warships at the naval battle of Guadalcanal, 15th of November 1942, but was ambushed by Japanese destroyers. She was hit once from a six torpedo spread, fired from the Japanese destroyer Ayanami, that blew off her bow as she promptly went down and sank. In the Atlantic, Wainwright escorted the ill fated convoy PQ 17, and with Roe supported Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa. Buck'', damaged in a collision, missed Torch but was sunk by a U boat off Salerno, Italy in 1943. The remainder of the class saw hard service in the Pacific. At the war's end in August 1945, three of the seven survivors were undergoing overhauls that were left unfinished, and were ultimately scrapped. The remaining four seaworthy ships were used as targets during the 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic tests at Bikini Atoll. One was sunk by the first blast, while the other three were sunk as targets two years later after serving as experimental platforms.
По сравнению с классом Farragut, длина корпуса эсминцев класса "Симс" была увеличена на 2,4 метра, что положило начало тенденции к увеличению размеров, приведшей к созданию многочисленных более крупных эсминцев водоизмещением 2100 тонн, построенных в военное время. Проектирование класса осуществлялось компанией Gibbs & Cox. В конструкцию были внесены изменения для обтекания надстройки и передней части корпуса с целью повышения скорости и улучшения топливной экономичности. Они также получили дополнительную 127-мм пушку, а торпедные аппараты были перекомпонованы таким образом, чтобы можно было использовать на один четверной аппарат меньше, сохраняя при этом восьмитрубный бортовой залп. Когда "Андерсон", первый корабль класса, сданный в начале 1939 года, оказался на 150 тонн тяжелее и опасно неустойчивым из-за недостаточной метацентрической высоты, это привело к перепроектированию и перестройке класса. Была удалена одна пушка (№ 3) и один четверной торпедный аппарат, а другой торпедный аппарат был перемещен по центральной линии.
The Sims class''' destroyers were built for the United States Navy, and commissioned in 1939 and 1940. These twelve ships were the last United States destroyer class completed prior to the American entry into World War II. All Sims class ships saw action in World War II, and seven survived the war. No ship of this class saw service after 1946. They were built under the Second London Naval Treaty, in which the limit on destroyer standard displacement was lifted, but an overall limit remained. Thus, to maximize the number of destroyers and avoid developing an all new design, the Sims class were only 70 tons larger as designed than previous destroyers. They are usually grouped with the 1500 ton classes and were the sixth destroyer class since production resumed with the Farragut class in 1932. The class served extensively in World War II, and five of the class were lost in the war. Of the five ships lost, four were at the hands of the Japanese and one at the hands of the Germans. The class served on Neutrality Patrols in the Atlantic in 1940 41. Except for Roe, Wainwright, and Buck, the class was transferred to the Pacific shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor. All of the ships saw extensive combat service. At the war's end in August 1945, three of the seven survivors were undergoing overhauls that were left unfinished, and were ultimately scrapped. The remaining four seaworthy ships were used as targets during the 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic tests at Bikini Atoll. One was sunk by the first blast, while the other three were sunk as targets two years later after serving as experimental platforms. Design
Compared with the s, the Sims class were increased 8 feet (2 m) in hull length, and started a trend of increased size that led to the numerous larger 2100 ton destroyer classes that marked wartime construction. The class was designed by Gibbs & Cox. They incorporated streamlining of the bridge structure and the forward part of the hull, in an attempt to increase speed and improve fuel economy. They also had an additional 5 inch gun, with the torpedo tubes re arranged so one less quadruple mount could be used while maintaining an eight tube broadside. When Anderson, first of the class to be delivered in early 1939, was found to be 150 tons overweight and dangerously top heavy due to insufficient metacentric height, it touched off a redesign and rebuilding of the class. One gun (No. 3) and one quad torpedo tube mount were removed, with another torpedo tube mount relocated to the centerline. Engineering
The Sims class nearly duplicated the advanced machinery of the preceding Benham class, they were the last built with the boiler rooms adjacent forward and the engine rooms adjacent aft and therefore the last one stack US destroyers. Steam pressure was (one reference says 565 psi), superheated to Features that improved fuel economy included boiler economizers, double reduction gearing, and cruising turbines. The main turbines developed on Sims trials and were manufactured by Westinghouse. Armament
The Sims class introduced the advanced Mark 37 Gun Fire Control System. With a turret mounted gun director as in previous systems, the Mark 37 system incorporated the Ford Mark 1 Fire Control Computer mounted in a plotting room deep in the hull, which enabled automatic aiming of guns against surface or air targets with firing solutions in near real time. The system would evolve and be used extensively to control most 5 inch guns on destroyers and larger ships, and remained in service on US ships until the 1970s. The class was completed with five 5 inch dual purpose guns (anti surface and anti aircraft (AA)); the two forward mounts and the aftermost mount were enclosed. The class proved to be top heavy, and a quadruple torpedo mount and one 5 inch gun (No. 3) were removed by 1941. Early units were completed with 12 torpedo tubes in three quad mounts, one mounted centerline, the others port and starboard, while later ships were completed (and all eventually modified) with eight in two quad mounts, all on the centerline. The Mark 15 torpedo was equipped. The 5 inch guns were removed some time after the torpedo tubes were removed in most cases. The as built light AA armament of four .50 caliber machine guns (12.7 mm), the same as previous 1500 ton classes, was inadequate. This was partially remedied by increasing the number of guns to eight by 1941. As with most US Navy warships, the light AA armament was replaced with 40 mm Bofors and 20 mm Oerlikon guns within 18 months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Initially, this was four 40 mm in two twin mounts and four single 20 mm guns. In 1945, with the emerging kamikaze threat and the dwindling threat from Japanese surface ships, Mustin, Morris, and Russell had all torpedo tubes removed in favor of four additional 40 mm guns for a total of eight in four twin mounts and were authorized replacement of the 20 mm single mounts by twin mounts; the latter part was not completed. The as built anti submarine armament of two depth charge racks was augmented by up to six K gun depth charge throwers during the war. Service
The class served extensively in World War II, and five of the class were lost in the war. Of the five ships lost, four were at the hands of the Japanese and one at the hands of the Germans. The class served on Neutrality Patrols in the North Atlantic, Caribbean, and South Atlantic in 1940–41. Except for Roe, Wainwright, and Buck, the class was transferred to the Pacific shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, where they often screened aircraft carriers. Two were sunk as a direct result of this duty by the same torpedo spreads that killed their carriers; Hammann escorting Yorktown in the Battle of Midway and O'Brien escorting Wasp on 15 September 1942 (O'Brien did not sink until 19 October). Walke became the only ship of the class to be sunk in action against enemy surface warships when she attempted to attack Japanese warships at the naval battle of Guadalcanal, 15th of November 1942, but was ambushed by Japanese destroyers. She was hit once from a six torpedo spread, fired from the Japanese destroyer Ayanami, that blew off her bow as she promptly went down and sank. In the Atlantic, Wainwright escorted the ill fated convoy PQ 17, and with Roe supported Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa. Buck'', damaged in a collision, missed Torch but was sunk by a U boat off Salerno, Italy in 1943. The remainder of the class saw hard service in the Pacific. At the war's end in August 1945, three of the seven survivors were undergoing overhauls that were left unfinished, and were ultimately scrapped. The remaining four seaworthy ships were used as targets during the 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic tests at Bikini Atoll. One was sunk by the first blast, while the other three were sunk as targets two years later after serving as experimental platforms.
Эсминцы класса "Симс" почти полностью дублировали передовое машинное оборудование предыдущего класса "Бенхэм". Они стали последними эсминцами США, построенными с расположенными рядом котельными помещениями в носовой части и машинными помещениями в кормовой части, и, следовательно, последними однодымовыми эсминцами США. Давление пара составляло (по одним данным – 386 бар), перегретое до. Функции, улучшающие топливную экономичность, включали экономизаторы котлов, двойное редукторное оборудование и крейсерские турбины. Основные турбины развивали мощность на испытаниях эсминца "Симс" и были изготовлены компанией Westinghouse.
The Sims class''' destroyers were built for the United States Navy, and commissioned in 1939 and 1940. These twelve ships were the last United States destroyer class completed prior to the American entry into World War II. All Sims class ships saw action in World War II, and seven survived the war. No ship of this class saw service after 1946. They were built under the Second London Naval Treaty, in which the limit on destroyer standard displacement was lifted, but an overall limit remained. Thus, to maximize the number of destroyers and avoid developing an all new design, the Sims class were only 70 tons larger as designed than previous destroyers. They are usually grouped with the 1500 ton classes and were the sixth destroyer class since production resumed with the Farragut class in 1932. The class served extensively in World War II, and five of the class were lost in the war. Of the five ships lost, four were at the hands of the Japanese and one at the hands of the Germans. The class served on Neutrality Patrols in the Atlantic in 1940 41. Except for Roe, Wainwright, and Buck, the class was transferred to the Pacific shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor. All of the ships saw extensive combat service. At the war's end in August 1945, three of the seven survivors were undergoing overhauls that were left unfinished, and were ultimately scrapped. The remaining four seaworthy ships were used as targets during the 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic tests at Bikini Atoll. One was sunk by the first blast, while the other three were sunk as targets two years later after serving as experimental platforms. Design
Compared with the s, the Sims class were increased 8 feet (2 m) in hull length, and started a trend of increased size that led to the numerous larger 2100 ton destroyer classes that marked wartime construction. The class was designed by Gibbs & Cox. They incorporated streamlining of the bridge structure and the forward part of the hull, in an attempt to increase speed and improve fuel economy. They also had an additional 5 inch gun, with the torpedo tubes re arranged so one less quadruple mount could be used while maintaining an eight tube broadside. When Anderson, first of the class to be delivered in early 1939, was found to be 150 tons overweight and dangerously top heavy due to insufficient metacentric height, it touched off a redesign and rebuilding of the class. One gun (No. 3) and one quad torpedo tube mount were removed, with another torpedo tube mount relocated to the centerline. Engineering
The Sims class nearly duplicated the advanced machinery of the preceding Benham class, they were the last built with the boiler rooms adjacent forward and the engine rooms adjacent aft and therefore the last one stack US destroyers. Steam pressure was (one reference says 565 psi), superheated to Features that improved fuel economy included boiler economizers, double reduction gearing, and cruising turbines. The main turbines developed on Sims trials and were manufactured by Westinghouse. Armament
The Sims class introduced the advanced Mark 37 Gun Fire Control System. With a turret mounted gun director as in previous systems, the Mark 37 system incorporated the Ford Mark 1 Fire Control Computer mounted in a plotting room deep in the hull, which enabled automatic aiming of guns against surface or air targets with firing solutions in near real time. The system would evolve and be used extensively to control most 5 inch guns on destroyers and larger ships, and remained in service on US ships until the 1970s. The class was completed with five 5 inch dual purpose guns (anti surface and anti aircraft (AA)); the two forward mounts and the aftermost mount were enclosed. The class proved to be top heavy, and a quadruple torpedo mount and one 5 inch gun (No. 3) were removed by 1941. Early units were completed with 12 torpedo tubes in three quad mounts, one mounted centerline, the others port and starboard, while later ships were completed (and all eventually modified) with eight in two quad mounts, all on the centerline. The Mark 15 torpedo was equipped. The 5 inch guns were removed some time after the torpedo tubes were removed in most cases. The as built light AA armament of four .50 caliber machine guns (12.7 mm), the same as previous 1500 ton classes, was inadequate. This was partially remedied by increasing the number of guns to eight by 1941. As with most US Navy warships, the light AA armament was replaced with 40 mm Bofors and 20 mm Oerlikon guns within 18 months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Initially, this was four 40 mm in two twin mounts and four single 20 mm guns. In 1945, with the emerging kamikaze threat and the dwindling threat from Japanese surface ships, Mustin, Morris, and Russell had all torpedo tubes removed in favor of four additional 40 mm guns for a total of eight in four twin mounts and were authorized replacement of the 20 mm single mounts by twin mounts; the latter part was not completed. The as built anti submarine armament of two depth charge racks was augmented by up to six K gun depth charge throwers during the war. Service
The class served extensively in World War II, and five of the class were lost in the war. Of the five ships lost, four were at the hands of the Japanese and one at the hands of the Germans. The class served on Neutrality Patrols in the North Atlantic, Caribbean, and South Atlantic in 1940–41. Except for Roe, Wainwright, and Buck, the class was transferred to the Pacific shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, where they often screened aircraft carriers. Two were sunk as a direct result of this duty by the same torpedo spreads that killed their carriers; Hammann escorting Yorktown in the Battle of Midway and O'Brien escorting Wasp on 15 September 1942 (O'Brien did not sink until 19 October). Walke became the only ship of the class to be sunk in action against enemy surface warships when she attempted to attack Japanese warships at the naval battle of Guadalcanal, 15th of November 1942, but was ambushed by Japanese destroyers. She was hit once from a six torpedo spread, fired from the Japanese destroyer Ayanami, that blew off her bow as she promptly went down and sank. In the Atlantic, Wainwright escorted the ill fated convoy PQ 17, and with Roe supported Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa. Buck'', damaged in a collision, missed Torch but was sunk by a U boat off Salerno, Italy in 1943. The remainder of the class saw hard service in the Pacific. At the war's end in August 1945, three of the seven survivors were undergoing overhauls that were left unfinished, and were ultimately scrapped. The remaining four seaworthy ships were used as targets during the 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic tests at Bikini Atoll. One was sunk by the first blast, while the other three were sunk as targets two years later after serving as experimental platforms.
Эсминцы класса "Симс" представили передовую систему управления огнем артиллерии Mark 37. Система Mark 37, как и в предыдущих системах, включала в себя пулеметный директор, установленный на башне, а также вычислитель управления огнем Ford Mark 1, установленный в вычислительном помещении глубоко в корпусе, что позволяло автоматически наводить орудия на надводные или воздушные цели с расчетом элементов стрельбы в почти реальном времени. Система постоянно совершенствовалась и широко использовалась для управления большинством 127-мм орудий на эсминцах и более крупных кораблях и оставалась на вооружении кораблей ВМС США до 1970-х годов. Класс был оснащен пятью 127-мм универсальными орудиями (для борьбы с надводными и воздушными целями); две передние и кормовые установки были закрыты. Класс оказался неустойчивым, и к 1941 году был удален четверной торпедный аппарат и одна 127-мм пушка (№ 3). Ранние корабли были оснащены 12 торпедными аппаратами в трех четверных установках, одна из которых была установлена по центральной линии, а две другие – по бортам, в то время как более поздние корабли были завершены (и в конечном итоге все были модифицированы) с восемью аппаратами в двух четверных установках, все по центральной линии. Использовались торпеды Mark 15. 127-мм орудия были удалены вскоре после удаления торпедных аппаратов в большинстве случаев. Установленное на момент постройки легкое зенитное вооружение из четырех 12,7-мм пулеметов (как и у предыдущих эсминцев водоизмещением 1500 тонн) было недостаточным. Это было частично исправлено увеличением количества пулеметов до восьми к 1941 году. Как и на большинстве кораблей ВМС США, легкое зенитное вооружение было заменено на 40-мм пушки Bofors и 20-мм пушки Oerlikon в течение 18 месяцев после нападения на Перл-Харбор. Первоначально это было четыре 40-мм пушки в двух спаренных установках и четыре одиночных 20-мм пушки. В 1945 году, с появлением угрозы камикадзе и снижением угрозы со стороны японских надводных кораблей, на эсминцах "Мустин", "Моррис" и "Рассел" были удалены все торпедные аппараты в пользу четырех дополнительных 40-мм пушек, в общей сложности восьми в четырех спаренных установках, и была санкционирована замена одиночных 20-мм установок на спаренные; последняя часть не была завершена. Установленное на момент постройки противолодочное вооружение из двух бомбосбрасывателей было дополнено до шести бомбометов типа K во время войны.
The Sims class''' destroyers were built for the United States Navy, and commissioned in 1939 and 1940. These twelve ships were the last United States destroyer class completed prior to the American entry into World War II. All Sims class ships saw action in World War II, and seven survived the war. No ship of this class saw service after 1946. They were built under the Second London Naval Treaty, in which the limit on destroyer standard displacement was lifted, but an overall limit remained. Thus, to maximize the number of destroyers and avoid developing an all new design, the Sims class were only 70 tons larger as designed than previous destroyers. They are usually grouped with the 1500 ton classes and were the sixth destroyer class since production resumed with the Farragut class in 1932. The class served extensively in World War II, and five of the class were lost in the war. Of the five ships lost, four were at the hands of the Japanese and one at the hands of the Germans. The class served on Neutrality Patrols in the Atlantic in 1940 41. Except for Roe, Wainwright, and Buck, the class was transferred to the Pacific shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor. All of the ships saw extensive combat service. At the war's end in August 1945, three of the seven survivors were undergoing overhauls that were left unfinished, and were ultimately scrapped. The remaining four seaworthy ships were used as targets during the 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic tests at Bikini Atoll. One was sunk by the first blast, while the other three were sunk as targets two years later after serving as experimental platforms. Design
Compared with the s, the Sims class were increased 8 feet (2 m) in hull length, and started a trend of increased size that led to the numerous larger 2100 ton destroyer classes that marked wartime construction. The class was designed by Gibbs & Cox. They incorporated streamlining of the bridge structure and the forward part of the hull, in an attempt to increase speed and improve fuel economy. They also had an additional 5 inch gun, with the torpedo tubes re arranged so one less quadruple mount could be used while maintaining an eight tube broadside. When Anderson, first of the class to be delivered in early 1939, was found to be 150 tons overweight and dangerously top heavy due to insufficient metacentric height, it touched off a redesign and rebuilding of the class. One gun (No. 3) and one quad torpedo tube mount were removed, with another torpedo tube mount relocated to the centerline. Engineering
The Sims class nearly duplicated the advanced machinery of the preceding Benham class, they were the last built with the boiler rooms adjacent forward and the engine rooms adjacent aft and therefore the last one stack US destroyers. Steam pressure was (one reference says 565 psi), superheated to Features that improved fuel economy included boiler economizers, double reduction gearing, and cruising turbines. The main turbines developed on Sims trials and were manufactured by Westinghouse. Armament
The Sims class introduced the advanced Mark 37 Gun Fire Control System. With a turret mounted gun director as in previous systems, the Mark 37 system incorporated the Ford Mark 1 Fire Control Computer mounted in a plotting room deep in the hull, which enabled automatic aiming of guns against surface or air targets with firing solutions in near real time. The system would evolve and be used extensively to control most 5 inch guns on destroyers and larger ships, and remained in service on US ships until the 1970s. The class was completed with five 5 inch dual purpose guns (anti surface and anti aircraft (AA)); the two forward mounts and the aftermost mount were enclosed. The class proved to be top heavy, and a quadruple torpedo mount and one 5 inch gun (No. 3) were removed by 1941. Early units were completed with 12 torpedo tubes in three quad mounts, one mounted centerline, the others port and starboard, while later ships were completed (and all eventually modified) with eight in two quad mounts, all on the centerline. The Mark 15 torpedo was equipped. The 5 inch guns were removed some time after the torpedo tubes were removed in most cases. The as built light AA armament of four .50 caliber machine guns (12.7 mm), the same as previous 1500 ton classes, was inadequate. This was partially remedied by increasing the number of guns to eight by 1941. As with most US Navy warships, the light AA armament was replaced with 40 mm Bofors and 20 mm Oerlikon guns within 18 months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Initially, this was four 40 mm in two twin mounts and four single 20 mm guns. In 1945, with the emerging kamikaze threat and the dwindling threat from Japanese surface ships, Mustin, Morris, and Russell had all torpedo tubes removed in favor of four additional 40 mm guns for a total of eight in four twin mounts and were authorized replacement of the 20 mm single mounts by twin mounts; the latter part was not completed. The as built anti submarine armament of two depth charge racks was augmented by up to six K gun depth charge throwers during the war. Service
The class served extensively in World War II, and five of the class were lost in the war. Of the five ships lost, four were at the hands of the Japanese and one at the hands of the Germans. The class served on Neutrality Patrols in the North Atlantic, Caribbean, and South Atlantic in 1940–41. Except for Roe, Wainwright, and Buck, the class was transferred to the Pacific shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, where they often screened aircraft carriers. Two were sunk as a direct result of this duty by the same torpedo spreads that killed their carriers; Hammann escorting Yorktown in the Battle of Midway and O'Brien escorting Wasp on 15 September 1942 (O'Brien did not sink until 19 October). Walke became the only ship of the class to be sunk in action against enemy surface warships when she attempted to attack Japanese warships at the naval battle of Guadalcanal, 15th of November 1942, but was ambushed by Japanese destroyers. She was hit once from a six torpedo spread, fired from the Japanese destroyer Ayanami, that blew off her bow as she promptly went down and sank. In the Atlantic, Wainwright escorted the ill fated convoy PQ 17, and with Roe supported Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa. Buck'', damaged in a collision, missed Torch but was sunk by a U boat off Salerno, Italy in 1943. The remainder of the class saw hard service in the Pacific. At the war's end in August 1945, three of the seven survivors were undergoing overhauls that were left unfinished, and were ultimately scrapped. The remaining four seaworthy ships were used as targets during the 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic tests at Bikini Atoll. One was sunk by the first blast, while the other three were sunk as targets two years later after serving as experimental platforms.
Класс активно использовался во Второй мировой войне, и пять эсминцев были потеряны в ходе войны. Из пяти потерянных кораблей четыре были потоплены японцами, а один – немцами. Класс осуществлял нейтральное патрулирование в Северной Атлантике, Карибском море и Южной Атлантике в 1940–1941 годах. За исключением "Роу", "Уэйнрайт" и "Бак", класс был переброшен в Тихий океан вскоре после нападения на Перл-Харбор, где они часто обеспечивали противолодочную оборону авианосцев. Два корабля были потоплены в результате этого долга теми же торпедными залпами, которые потопили их авианосцы; "Хамман" сопровождал "Йорктаун" в битве за Мидуэй, а "О'Брайен" сопровождал "Уосп" 15 сентября 1942 года ("О'Брайен" затонул только 19 октября). "Уолк" стал единственным кораблем класса, потопленным в бою с вражескими надводными кораблями, когда он попытался атаковать японские корабли в морском сражении у Гуадалканала 15 ноября 1942 года, но попал в засаду японских эсминцев. Он был поражен одной торпедой из шеститорпедного залпа, выпущенного японским эсминцем "Аянами", который сорвал носовую часть, после чего корабль быстро затонул. В Атлантике "Уэйнрайт" сопровождал злополучный конвой PQ 17, а "Роу" поддержал операцию "Торч", вторжение в Северную Африку. "Бак", поврежденный в столкновении, пропустил "Торч", но был потоплен немецкой подводной лодкой у Салерно, Италия, в 1943 году. Остальные корабли класса участвовали в тяжелых боях на Тихом океане. К концу войны в августе 1945 года три из семи выживших кораблей проходили капитальный ремонт, который так и не был завершен, и в конечном итоге были списаны. Оставшиеся четыре исправных корабля были использованы в качестве мишеней во время атомных испытаний "Кроссроудс" в 1946 году на атолле Бикини. Один корабль был потоплен первым взрывом, а остальные три были потоплены в качестве мишеней два года спустя после использования в качестве экспериментальных платформ.
The Sims class''' destroyers were built for the United States Navy, and commissioned in 1939 and 1940. These twelve ships were the last United States destroyer class completed prior to the American entry into World War II. All Sims class ships saw action in World War II, and seven survived the war. No ship of this class saw service after 1946. They were built under the Second London Naval Treaty, in which the limit on destroyer standard displacement was lifted, but an overall limit remained. Thus, to maximize the number of destroyers and avoid developing an all new design, the Sims class were only 70 tons larger as designed than previous destroyers. They are usually grouped with the 1500 ton classes and were the sixth destroyer class since production resumed with the Farragut class in 1932. The class served extensively in World War II, and five of the class were lost in the war. Of the five ships lost, four were at the hands of the Japanese and one at the hands of the Germans. The class served on Neutrality Patrols in the Atlantic in 1940 41. Except for Roe, Wainwright, and Buck, the class was transferred to the Pacific shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor. All of the ships saw extensive combat service. At the war's end in August 1945, three of the seven survivors were undergoing overhauls that were left unfinished, and were ultimately scrapped. The remaining four seaworthy ships were used as targets during the 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic tests at Bikini Atoll. One was sunk by the first blast, while the other three were sunk as targets two years later after serving as experimental platforms. Design
Compared with the s, the Sims class were increased 8 feet (2 m) in hull length, and started a trend of increased size that led to the numerous larger 2100 ton destroyer classes that marked wartime construction. The class was designed by Gibbs & Cox. They incorporated streamlining of the bridge structure and the forward part of the hull, in an attempt to increase speed and improve fuel economy. They also had an additional 5 inch gun, with the torpedo tubes re arranged so one less quadruple mount could be used while maintaining an eight tube broadside. When Anderson, first of the class to be delivered in early 1939, was found to be 150 tons overweight and dangerously top heavy due to insufficient metacentric height, it touched off a redesign and rebuilding of the class. One gun (No. 3) and one quad torpedo tube mount were removed, with another torpedo tube mount relocated to the centerline. Engineering
The Sims class nearly duplicated the advanced machinery of the preceding Benham class, they were the last built with the boiler rooms adjacent forward and the engine rooms adjacent aft and therefore the last one stack US destroyers. Steam pressure was (one reference says 565 psi), superheated to Features that improved fuel economy included boiler economizers, double reduction gearing, and cruising turbines. The main turbines developed on Sims trials and were manufactured by Westinghouse. Armament
The Sims class introduced the advanced Mark 37 Gun Fire Control System. With a turret mounted gun director as in previous systems, the Mark 37 system incorporated the Ford Mark 1 Fire Control Computer mounted in a plotting room deep in the hull, which enabled automatic aiming of guns against surface or air targets with firing solutions in near real time. The system would evolve and be used extensively to control most 5 inch guns on destroyers and larger ships, and remained in service on US ships until the 1970s. The class was completed with five 5 inch dual purpose guns (anti surface and anti aircraft (AA)); the two forward mounts and the aftermost mount were enclosed. The class proved to be top heavy, and a quadruple torpedo mount and one 5 inch gun (No. 3) were removed by 1941. Early units were completed with 12 torpedo tubes in three quad mounts, one mounted centerline, the others port and starboard, while later ships were completed (and all eventually modified) with eight in two quad mounts, all on the centerline. The Mark 15 torpedo was equipped. The 5 inch guns were removed some time after the torpedo tubes were removed in most cases. The as built light AA armament of four .50 caliber machine guns (12.7 mm), the same as previous 1500 ton classes, was inadequate. This was partially remedied by increasing the number of guns to eight by 1941. As with most US Navy warships, the light AA armament was replaced with 40 mm Bofors and 20 mm Oerlikon guns within 18 months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Initially, this was four 40 mm in two twin mounts and four single 20 mm guns. In 1945, with the emerging kamikaze threat and the dwindling threat from Japanese surface ships, Mustin, Morris, and Russell had all torpedo tubes removed in favor of four additional 40 mm guns for a total of eight in four twin mounts and were authorized replacement of the 20 mm single mounts by twin mounts; the latter part was not completed. The as built anti submarine armament of two depth charge racks was augmented by up to six K gun depth charge throwers during the war. Service
The class served extensively in World War II, and five of the class were lost in the war. Of the five ships lost, four were at the hands of the Japanese and one at the hands of the Germans. The class served on Neutrality Patrols in the North Atlantic, Caribbean, and South Atlantic in 1940–41. Except for Roe, Wainwright, and Buck, the class was transferred to the Pacific shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, where they often screened aircraft carriers. Two were sunk as a direct result of this duty by the same torpedo spreads that killed their carriers; Hammann escorting Yorktown in the Battle of Midway and O'Brien escorting Wasp on 15 September 1942 (O'Brien did not sink until 19 October). Walke became the only ship of the class to be sunk in action against enemy surface warships when she attempted to attack Japanese warships at the naval battle of Guadalcanal, 15th of November 1942, but was ambushed by Japanese destroyers. She was hit once from a six torpedo spread, fired from the Japanese destroyer Ayanami, that blew off her bow as she promptly went down and sank. In the Atlantic, Wainwright escorted the ill fated convoy PQ 17, and with Roe supported Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa. Buck'', damaged in a collision, missed Torch but was sunk by a U boat off Salerno, Italy in 1943. The remainder of the class saw hard service in the Pacific. At the war's end in August 1945, three of the seven survivors were undergoing overhauls that were left unfinished, and were ultimately scrapped. The remaining four seaworthy ships were used as targets during the 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic tests at Bikini Atoll. One was sunk by the first blast, while the other three were sunk as targets two years later after serving as experimental platforms.
Корабли класса
+ Корабли класса Sims Имя Номер корпуса Строитель Заложен Спущен на воду Введен в строй Выведен из эксплуатации Судьба Sims DD 409 Bath Iron Works 15 июля 1937 8 апреля 1939 1 августа 1939 Потоплен японскими самолетами в битве в Коралловом море, 7 мая 1942 (14 выживших) Hughes DD 410 15 сентября 1937 17 июня 1939 21 сентября 1939 28 августа 1946 Поврежден в ходе испытаний атомного оружия на атолле Бикини, июль 1946. Потоплен в качестве мишени, 16 октября 1948 года. Anderson DD 411 Federal Shipbuilding, Kearny, New Jersey 15 ноября 1937 4 февраля 1939 19 мая 1939 28 августа 1946 Потоплен в ходе операции "Перекресток" (Test "Able") на атолле Бикини, 1 июля 1946. Hammann DD 412 17 января 1938 11 августа 1939 Потоплен японской подводной лодкой I-168 в битве за Мидуэй тем же залпом торпед, что и потопил Yorktown, 6 июня 1942 (80 погибших). Mustin DD 413 Newport News Shipbuilding 20 декабря 1937 8 декабря 1938 15 сентября 1939 29 августа 1946 Поврежден в ходе операции "Перекресток" на атолле Бикини, июль 1946. Преднамеренно затоплен у Кваджалейна, 18 апреля 1948 года. Russell DD 414 3 ноября 1939 15 ноября 1945 Продан на металлолом, сентябрь 1947 O'Brien DD 415 Boston Navy Yard 31 мая 1938 20 октября 1939 2 марта 1940 Торпедирован японской подводной лодкой I-19 тем же залпом торпед, который потопил Wasp и повредил North Carolina, 15 сентября 1942. Потонул 19 октября 1942 года после выхода из Сувы, Фиджи, в направлении Перл-Харбора для ремонта. Walke DD 416 27 апреля 1940 Торпедирован и потоплен эсминцем Ayanami в морском сражении у Гуадалканала, 15 ноября 1942 (88 погибших). Morris DD 417 Norfolk Navy Yard 7 июня 1938 1 июня 1939 5 марта 1940 9 ноября 1945 Продан на металлолом, 2 августа 1947 Roe DD 418 Charleston Navy Yard 23 апреля 1938 21 июня 1939 5 января 1940 30 октября 1945 Продан на металлолом, август 1947 Wainwright DD 419 Norfolk Navy Yard 7 июня 1938 1 июня 1939 15 апреля 1940 29 августа 1946 Поврежден в ходе операции "Перекресток" на атолле Бикини, июль 1946. Потоплен в качестве мишени в Тихом океане, 5 июля 1948 года. Buck DD 420 Philadelphia Naval Shipyard 6 апреля 1938 22 мая 1939 15 мая 1940 Потоплен U-616 у Салерно, Италия, 9 октября 1943 (150 погибших).