Ромская авиационная лаборатория: история и развитие

US Air Force research laboratory in Rome, New York

Rome Laboratory (Rome Air Development Center until 1991) is the US "Air Force 'superlab' for command, control, and communications" research and development and is responsible for planning and executing the USAF science and technology program.

The Rome Air Depot established 5 February 1942 built USAAF versions of the Norden bombsights and tested/rebuilt large airplane engines, and Army Air Field, Rome, was established as a WWII USAAF airfield in New York on 4 Nov 1942. World War II technical squadrons included the "600 Engrg Sq" (10 Oct 44 30 Oct 44) and the "1 Acft Assembly Sq" (21 Aug 45 6 Nov 45). Renamed Griffiss Air Force Base on 23 Jan 1948, the World War II installation's buildings were used as post war offices and laboratories, e. g., for testing units that arrived beginning in 1948 from Pennsylvania's Middletown Air Depot (Griffiss had the "2 Msl Trpt Sq" 26 Jan 48 3 Sep 48.) The 3171st Electronics Research Group activated on 12 January 1949 under the 2751st Experimental Wing formed during World War II, and the 3180th Weapon Equipment Flight Test organization activated on 4 April 1949. On September 26, 1950, the Griffiss AFB Air Force Electronics Center was established—2 Griffiss radar units were established on 12 Oct 50 for less than a year, the 7th and 12th Radar Calibration Units. The entire Watson Laboratories, which was acquiring the "state of the art" Bendix AN/FPS 3 Radar for Air Defense Command, transferred to Griffiss from Camp Coles NJ, from 6 November 1950 until 2 April 1951, the date Griffiss AFB transferred to Air Research and Development Command. During the move the 3151st Electronics Group was activated on 14 March 1951.

The "Rome Air Development Center" headquarters officially opened on June 12, 1951, with the personnel of the headquarters for the 2751st Wing and 3171st & 3151st groups, which were "discontinued"—the 6530th Air Base Wing with subordinate units, e. g., Maintenance and Support Group, activated on the same date for support through August/November 1952. RADC was for USAF "applied research, development and test of electronic air ground systems such as detection, control, identification and countermeasures, navigation, communications, and data transmission systems, associated components, and related automatic flight equipment". RADC constructed the 1205 feet (367 m) Forestport Tower in 1951 for low frequency communications experiments. On 1 January 1953, RADC reorganized into the Engineering Support Division, Electronic Warfare
and Techniques Division, Equipment Development Division, and Systems Division (a Plans and Operations Office at the HQ provided guidance.) For ATC and SAC to score bombing accuracy, and based on the AN/MPQ 2; RADC integrated AN/MPS 9 radars with RBS plotting to create the AN/MSQ 1 (with OA 132 plotting computer/board)) and AN/MSQ 2 (OA 215)—RADC also developed SAC's "AN/GSA 19 Blanking System" for safety at RBS radar stations. RADC began using a new intelligence and reconnaissance laboratory building on 27 May 1954, and an AN/GPA 37 "developed by RADC [and] installed at the Verona Test Site" conducted a 28 December 1955 ground controlled interception test "on an F 86D fighter interceptor aircraft". (1st "powered up" in November 1960.) A prototype AN/FPS 43 BMEWS radar completed at Trinidad in 1958 went operational on February 4, 1959, the date of an Atlas IIB firing from Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 11 (lunar reflection was tested January–June 1960.) On 20 January 1960 RADC accepted the Avco AN/FPS 26 Frequency Diversity Radar from Avco for use at SAGE radar stations (later modified into the 474N "Fuzzy 7" SLBM Detection Radar.)

On 1 July 1960, RADC was assigned to the Air Force Command and Control Development Division and c. no – c. November 1960, RADC conducted an "Experimental Passive Satellite Communication Link" using the ECHO satellite and Philco terminals for reflecting voice transmissions through space from the Trinidad Space Communication Facility (with "BMEWS type radar tracker" using "AN/FRC 56 type" transmitter and "84FT DISH") to the "RADC Floyd Site". In August 1962, RADC established the "AFLC Communications Electronics Field Office" to monitor missile tests. A "60 foot diameter" antenna at the Floyd site built by RADC "particularly to communicate with ECHO II" was dedicated on 30 August 1963. In 1965 based on the USMC AN/MPQ 14, the "SKYSPOT RADC developmental program" designed the AN/MSQ 77 with ballistic computer for Vietnam War high altitude, low visibility (e. g., nighttime, inclement weather) strategic bombing missions, and which was also used as a "Close Air Support Bombing System".

By June 1965, RADC was assigned to AFSC's Research and Technology Division and had a Communications Research Branch (an early 1960s plan to rename RADC to the Air Force Electromagnetics Laboratory was not implemented.) RADC's Program 673A research resulted in the 440L System Program Office for the Forward Scatter Over the Horizon network (AN/FRT 80 transmitters & AN/FSQ 76 receivers) being established on 1 July 1965 (RADC's "Data Reduction Center" processed 440L data transmitted to the Cheyenne Mountain Complex. RADC developed a 1960s machine translation for Russian language documents and in the late 1960s, RADC coordinated the Ling Temco Vought AN/TRN 26 deployable TACAN development for the Vietnam War (1st units went to Israel and Camp David's "DVD" site.) In the 1970s War On Drugs, RADC COMPASS TRIP research investigated "multispectral reconnaissance techniques to locate opium poppy fields". By December 1977 RADC had developed the 322 watt "solid state transmitter and receiver module" while "responsible for design, fabrication installation, integration test, and evaluation" (through 1980).

On 1 September 1975, RADC was reassigned to AFSC's Electronic Systems Division (ESD). At Hanscom AFB on 1 January 1976, RADC's Detachment 1 was activated for "Electronic Technology" with the personnel and equipment of the 1960 AFCRL's Microwave Physics and Solid State Sciences divisions ("RADC East" colloq.) In the 1980s and 1990s RADC funded a significant amount of research on software engineering, e. g., the Knowledge Based Software Assistant (KBSA) program.

In 1990 RADC was redesignated Rome Laboratory which in October 1997 became part of the Air Force Research Laboratory.