Камоги: Ирландский женский командный вид спорта с клюшкой и мячом

Irish stick and ball team sport played by women

Camogie (/k//ə/'/m//oː//g//i/ kəMOHghee; camógaíocht ) is an Irish stick and ball team sport played by women. Camogie is played by 100,000 women in Ireland and worldwide, largely among Irish communities. A variant of the game "hurling" (which is played by men only), it is organised by the Dublin based Camogie Association or An Cumann Camógaíochta. The annual All Ireland Camogie Championship has a record attendance of 33,154, while average attendances in recent years are in the range of 15,000 to 18,000. The final is broadcast live, with a TV audience of as many as over 300,000. UNESCO lists Camogie as an element of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The game is referenced in Waiting for Godot by Irish playwright Samuel Beckett.

The game consists of two thirty minute halves. There is a half time interval of 15 minutes. In event of extra time, halves must consist of 10 minutes each. Each team has 15 players on the field. Within the 15 players the team must consist of one goalkeeper, three full back players, three half back players, two centre field players, three half forward players and three full forward players. There is a minimum requirement of 12 players on the pitch at all times. The rules are almost identical to hurling, with a few exceptions. Goalkeepers wear the same colours as outfield players. This is because no special rules apply to the goalkeeper and so there is no need for officials to differentiate between goalkeeper and outfielders. A camogie player can hand pass a point over the bar from play (hand passing a goal is forbidden in Camogie since 2021 and forbidden in hurling since 1980). Camogie games last 60 minutes, two 30 minute halves (senior inter county hurling games last 70, which is two 35 minute halves). Ties are resolved by multiple 2×10 minute sudden death extra time periods; in these, the first team to score wins. A smaller sliotar (ball) is used in camogie – commonly known as a size 4 sliotar – whereas hurlers play with a size 5 sliotar. If a defending player hits the sliotar wide, a 45 metre puck is awarded to the opposition (in hurling, it is a 65 metre puck). After a score, the goalkeeper pucks out from the 13 metre line (in hurling, he must puck from the end line). The metal band on the camogie stick must be covered with tape (not necessary in hurling). Side to side charges are forbidden (permitted in hurling). Two points are awarded for a score direct from a sideline cut (since March 2012). Players must wear skirts or skorts rather than shorts. Under the original 1903 rules both the match and the field were shorter than their hurling equivalents. Matches were 40 minutes, increased to 50 minutes in 1934, and playing fields long and wide. From 1929 until 1979 a second crossbar, a "points bar" was also used, meaning that a point would not be allowed if it travelled over this bar, a somewhat contentious rule through the 75 years it was in use. Teams were regulated at 12 a side, using an elliptical formation, although it was more a "squeezed lemon" formation with the three midfield players grouped more closely together than their counterpart on the half back and half forward lines. In 1999 camogie moved to the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) field size and 15 a side, adopting the standard GAA butterfly formation.

The field is not of a fixed size, but must be long by wide.

The length of the stick, called a "hurley", varies depending on the player's height.

H shaped goals are used. A team achieves a score by making the ball go between the posts. If the ball goes over the bar for a "point", the team earns one point. If the ball goes under the bar for a "goal", the team earns three points.

The name was invented by Tadhg Ua Donnchadha (Tórna) at meetings in 1903 in advance of the first matches in 1904. The term camogie is derived from the name of the stick used in the game. Men play hurling using a curved stick called a camán in Irish. Women in the early camogie games used a shorter stick described by the diminutive form camóg. The suffix aíocht (originally "uidheacht") was added to both words to give names for the sports: camánaíocht (which became iománaíocht) and camógaíocht. When the Gaelic Athletic Association was founded in 1884 the English origin name "hurling" was given to the men's game. When an organisation for women was set up in 1904, it was decided to anglicise the Irish name camógaíocht to camogie.

An Cumann Camógaíochta has a similar structure to the Gaelic Athletic Association, with an Annual Congress every spring which decides on policy and major issues such as rule changes, and an executive council, the Árd Chómhairle which deals with short term issues and governance. The game is administered from a headquarters in Croke Park in Dublin. Each of 28 county boards takes control of its own affairs (all of the Irish counties except Fermanagh, Leitrim and Sligo), with the number of clubs ranging from 58 in Cork to one in Leitrim. There are four provincial councils and affiliates in Asia, Australia, Britain, Europe, New York, New Zealand and North America.

There are 538 camogie clubs, of which 513 are based on the island of Ireland, 47 in Connacht, 195 in Leinster, 160 in Munster, and 110 in Ulster.

The county is the unit of structure in elite competition, responsible for organising club competitions within the county unit and for fielding inter county teams in the various grades of the All Ireland championships and National Camogie League. The All Ireland Club Championship is staged at Senior, Intermediate and Junior level, usually reaching the final stages in November–December or the following March. London competed in the National Camogie League in the 2010 season, but not in 2011. Counties compete for the elite All Ireland Senior Camogie Championship in which the O'Duffy Cup is awarded. The All Ireland Final is held every year in Croke Park during September, usually on the week between the hurling final and Gaelic football final, and attracts attendances of up to 33,000. Southeast Asia has teams in Vietnam, Thailand, and Kuala Lumpur. In North America camogie is played in the United States, Canada, and in parts of the Caribbean. Camogie has also been included as a part of the GAA World Games.

Camogie teams in North America have existed for at least a century.

The national organizing body for Gaelic Games in the United States, with the exception of New York City, is the USGAA where camogie can be found. It is the governing body which promotes camogie in the United States along with other Gaelic sports. The USGAA also maintains a close relationship with other GAA groups in North America including Canada (Gaelic Games Canada), the New York GAA, and the Caribbean.

The United States has sent a number of camogie teams from the US to compete in the GAA World Games in 2016 and 2019.

The national organizing body for Gaelic Games in Canada is Gaelic Games Canada (GGC) Canadian GAA (CGAA) where camogie can be found. Canada and the CGAA are home to a number of camogie clubs.

+Canada Canadian Camogie Clubs Club City/Province Est. WebsiteMontreal Shamrocks Montreal, Québec1948Montreal Shamrocks GACCalgary Chieftains / Chieftainettes Calgary, Alberta1977Edmonton Wolfe Tones Edmonton, Alberta Le Chéile Camogie Club Toronto Toronto, OntarioToronto CamogieISSC Camogie Vancouver, British ColumbiaISSC CamogieISSC Shamrocks Vancouver, British Columbia2021ISSC CamogieISSC Pearse Vancouver, British Columbia2021ISSC Camogie

Canada has sent a number of camogie teams from Canada to compete in the GAA World Games in 2016 and 2019.

Camogie All Stars Awards are awarded annually to the elite players who have performed best in each of the 15 positions on a traditional camogie team. Player of the year and other achievement awards have also been awarded to leading players for several decades.