Введение
Солт-Лейк Трибьюн — ежедневная газета, издаваемая в городе Солт-Лейк-Сити, штат Юта. Газета принадлежит компании The Salt Lake Tribune, Inc., некоммерческой корпорации. Девиз газеты — «Независимый голос Юты с 1871 года».
The Salt Lake Tribune is a newspaper published in the city of Salt Lake City, Utah. The Tribune is owned by The Salt Lake Tribune, Inc., a non profit corporation. The newspaper's motto is "Utah's Independent Voice Since 1871."
История
Преемник журнала *Utah Magazine* (1868), газета *Мормонская трибуна* была основана группой бизнесменов во главе с бывшими членами Церкви Иисуса Христа Святых последних дней (Церковь СПД) Уильямом Годбе, Элиасом Л. Т. Харрисоном и Эдвардом Туллиджем, которые не соглашались с экономическими и политическими позициями церкви. Спустя год издатели изменили название на *Salt Lake Daily Tribune and Utah Mining Gazette*, но вскоре сократили его до *The Salt Lake Tribune*. В 1873 году компанию приобрели три бизнесмена из Канзаса – Фредерик Локли, Джордж Ф. Прескотт и А. М. Гамильтон, и превратили её в антимормонскую газету, последовательно поддерживавшую местную Либеральную партию. Порой резкая, *Tribune* испытывала особую неприязнь к президенту Церкви СПД Бригаму Янгу. В издании, объявляющем о смерти Янга, газета написала:
He was illiterate and he has made frequent boast that he never saw the inside of a school house. His habit of mind was singularly illogical and his public addresses the greatest farrago of nonsense that ever was put in print. He prided himself on being a great financer, and yet all of his commercial speculations have been conspicuous failures. He was hierophant, and pretended to be in daily [communion] with the Almighty, and yet he was groveling in his ideas, and the system of religion he formulated was well nigh Satanic. In 1901, newly elected United States senator Thomas Kearns, a Roman Catholic, and his business partner, David Keith, secretly bought the Tribune. After Keith died in 1918, the Kearns family bought out Keith's share of the Salt Lake Tribune Publishing Company. Eventually, the parent company became Kearns Tribune Corporation. The company began an evening edition in 1902, known as The Salt Lake Telegram. The Telegram was sold in 1914 and reacquired by the Tribune in 1930. It was phased out when the joint operating agreement was formed with the afternoon Deseret News, Salt Lake's daily newspaper owned by the LDS Church, in 1952. John F. Fitzpatrick became publisher in 1924, ushering in what became seven decades of peaceful coexistence with the dominant LDS Church. In 1952 theTribune entered into a joint operating agreement with the Deseret News and created the Newspaper Agency Corporation. Fitzpatrick was the architect of NAC at the request of LDS Church President David O. McKay whose newspaper was near bankruptcy at the time. Fitzpatrick died of a heart attack in 1960, and was succeeded by John W. Gallivan, who had been trained as the next publisher from the time he joined the Tribune in 1937. Gallivan often joked with aspiring journalism students, telling them the best way to the publisher's desk was to get yourself left on the doorstep of the owner. (He had been orphaned at the age of five, then taken in by his mother's half sister, Mrs. Thomas Kearns.) In the late 1950s, in spite of reluctance from John Fitzpatrick about the future of television, Gallivan joined a measured Tribune investment with The Standard Corporation in Ogden, Utah, to build one of the first microwave and cable TV systems across northern Nevada. On weekends, Gallivan traveled by bus to Elko, Nevada, to oversee the construction beginnings. Gallivan and Denver cable investor Bob Magness merged their companies into Tele Communications Inc. (TCI) which eventually became the largest cable television company in the world. The Tribunes ownership interest in TCI reached nearly 15%, which played a large role in later mergers between the two companies. Gallivan remained as Tribune publisher until 1984, and chairman of the board until 1997. For almost 100 years, it was a family owned newspaper held by the heirs of U. S. Senator Thomas Kearns. After Kearns died in 1918, the company was controlled by his widow, Jennie Judge Kearns, and then the newspaper's longtime publisher was John F. Fitzpatrick, who started his career as secretary to Senator Kearns in 1913 and remained publisher until his death in 1960. John W. Gallivan, nephew of Mrs. Kearns, joined the Tribune in 1937 and succeeded Fitzpatrick as publisher in 1960, remaining as chairman until the merger with TCI, Inc. in 1997. The Kearns family owned a majority share of the newspaper until 1997, when the company merged with TCI in an effort to minimize inheritance tax liabilities borne by the two largest shareholders in the Kearns family. A buy back agreement was put in place, providing for the Kearns family to reacquire The Tribune, after the IRS required a five year holding period. However, in the interim TCI was merged with AT&T Corporation. After intense pressure from the LDS Church, and intense counter suits from the Kearns family, the Tribune was subsequently sold by AT&T to Denver, Colorado based MediaNews Group in 2000. In 2002, the Tribune became mired in controversy after employees sold information related to the Elizabeth Smart kidnapping case to The National Enquirer. Tribune editor James "Jay" Shelledy resigned from his job at the paper amid the fallout of the scandal. Two staffers were also removed from their positions as Tribune reporters. In 2004 the paper decided to move from its historic location at the downtown Tribune building to The Gateway development. Many people, including several Tribune employees, opposed the move, stating that it would harm the economy of Salt Lake's downtown. The move was completed in May 2005 and Tribune employees were told by editor Nancy Conway, "It is just a building."
"Он был неграмотным и часто хвастался, что никогда не видел здания школы изнутри. Его образ мышления был крайне нелогичным, а его публичные выступления – величайшей бессмыслицей, когда-либо напечатанной. Он гордился тем, что является выдающимся финансистом, однако все его коммерческие предприятия потерпели крах. Он был иерофантом, притворяясь, что ежедневно общается с Всевышним, но при этом был принижен в своих идеях, а система религии, которую он разработал, была почти сатанинской."
He was illiterate and he has made frequent boast that he never saw the inside of a school house. His habit of mind was singularly illogical and his public addresses the greatest farrago of nonsense that ever was put in print. He prided himself on being a great financer, and yet all of his commercial speculations have been conspicuous failures. He was hierophant, and pretended to be in daily [communion] with the Almighty, and yet he was groveling in his ideas, and the system of religion he formulated was well nigh Satanic. In 1901, newly elected United States senator Thomas Kearns, a Roman Catholic, and his business partner, David Keith, secretly bought the Tribune. After Keith died in 1918, the Kearns family bought out Keith's share of the Salt Lake Tribune Publishing Company. Eventually, the parent company became Kearns Tribune Corporation. The company began an evening edition in 1902, known as The Salt Lake Telegram. The Telegram was sold in 1914 and reacquired by the Tribune in 1930. It was phased out when the joint operating agreement was formed with the afternoon Deseret News, Salt Lake's daily newspaper owned by the LDS Church, in 1952. John F. Fitzpatrick became publisher in 1924, ushering in what became seven decades of peaceful coexistence with the dominant LDS Church. In 1952 theTribune entered into a joint operating agreement with the Deseret News and created the Newspaper Agency Corporation. Fitzpatrick was the architect of NAC at the request of LDS Church President David O. McKay whose newspaper was near bankruptcy at the time. Fitzpatrick died of a heart attack in 1960, and was succeeded by John W. Gallivan, who had been trained as the next publisher from the time he joined the Tribune in 1937. Gallivan often joked with aspiring journalism students, telling them the best way to the publisher's desk was to get yourself left on the doorstep of the owner. (He had been orphaned at the age of five, then taken in by his mother's half sister, Mrs. Thomas Kearns.) In the late 1950s, in spite of reluctance from John Fitzpatrick about the future of television, Gallivan joined a measured Tribune investment with The Standard Corporation in Ogden, Utah, to build one of the first microwave and cable TV systems across northern Nevada. On weekends, Gallivan traveled by bus to Elko, Nevada, to oversee the construction beginnings. Gallivan and Denver cable investor Bob Magness merged their companies into Tele Communications Inc. (TCI) which eventually became the largest cable television company in the world. The Tribunes ownership interest in TCI reached nearly 15%, which played a large role in later mergers between the two companies. Gallivan remained as Tribune publisher until 1984, and chairman of the board until 1997. For almost 100 years, it was a family owned newspaper held by the heirs of U. S. Senator Thomas Kearns. After Kearns died in 1918, the company was controlled by his widow, Jennie Judge Kearns, and then the newspaper's longtime publisher was John F. Fitzpatrick, who started his career as secretary to Senator Kearns in 1913 and remained publisher until his death in 1960. John W. Gallivan, nephew of Mrs. Kearns, joined the Tribune in 1937 and succeeded Fitzpatrick as publisher in 1960, remaining as chairman until the merger with TCI, Inc. in 1997. The Kearns family owned a majority share of the newspaper until 1997, when the company merged with TCI in an effort to minimize inheritance tax liabilities borne by the two largest shareholders in the Kearns family. A buy back agreement was put in place, providing for the Kearns family to reacquire The Tribune, after the IRS required a five year holding period. However, in the interim TCI was merged with AT&T Corporation. After intense pressure from the LDS Church, and intense counter suits from the Kearns family, the Tribune was subsequently sold by AT&T to Denver, Colorado based MediaNews Group in 2000. In 2002, the Tribune became mired in controversy after employees sold information related to the Elizabeth Smart kidnapping case to The National Enquirer. Tribune editor James "Jay" Shelledy resigned from his job at the paper amid the fallout of the scandal. Two staffers were also removed from their positions as Tribune reporters. In 2004 the paper decided to move from its historic location at the downtown Tribune building to The Gateway development. Many people, including several Tribune employees, opposed the move, stating that it would harm the economy of Salt Lake's downtown. The move was completed in May 2005 and Tribune employees were told by editor Nancy Conway, "It is just a building."
В 1901 году новоизбранный сенатор США Томас Кернс, католик, и его деловой партнер Дэвид Кит тайно приобрели *Tribune*. После смерти Кита в 1918 году семья Кернсов выкупила его долю в издательской компании *Salt Lake Tribune Publishing Company*. В конечном итоге материнская компания стала *Kearns Tribune Corporation*. В 1902 году компания начала выпускать вечернее издание под названием *The Salt Lake Telegram*. *Telegram* была продана в 1914 году и вновь приобретена *Tribune* в 1930 году. Её выпуск был прекращен после заключения соглашения о совместном управлении с *Deseret News*, ежедневной газетой Солт-Лейк, принадлежащей Церкви СПД, в 1952 году. Джон Ф. Фицпатрик стал издателем в 1924 году, положив начало семидесятилетнему мирному сосуществованию с доминирующей Церковью СПД. В 1952 году *Tribune* заключила соглашение о совместном управлении с *Deseret News* и создала *Newspaper Agency Corporation*. Фицпатрик был архитектором NAC по просьбе президента Церкви Дэвида О. Маккея, чья газета в то время находилась на грани банкротства. Фицпатрик умер от сердечного приступа в 1960 году, и его преемником стал Джон У. Галливан, которого готовили к должности издателя с момента его прихода в *Tribune* в 1937 году. Галливан часто шутил со студентами-журналистами, говоря им, что лучший способ попасть на стол издателя – это оказаться оставленным на пороге владельца. (Он осиротел в возрасте пяти лет, а затем его взяла на воспитание сводная сестра матери, миссис Томас Кернс.) В конце 1950-х годов, несмотря на нежелание Джона Фицпатрика развивать телевидение, Галливан присоединился к умеренным инвестициям *Tribune* в *The Standard Corporation* в Огдене, штат Юта, для строительства одной из первых систем микроволнового и кабельного телевидения в северной Неваде. По выходным Галливан ездил на автобусе в Элко, штат Невада, чтобы контролировать начало строительства. Галливан и Денверский кабельный инвестор Боб Магнесс объединили свои компании в *Tele Communications Inc.* (TCI), которая в конечном итоге стала крупнейшей кабельной телевизионной компанией в мире. Доля *Tribune* в TCI достигла почти 15%, что сыграло важную роль в последующих слияниях между двумя компаниями. Галливан оставался издателем *Tribune* до 1984 года и председателем совета директоров до 1997 года. Почти 100 лет газета принадлежала семье Кернсов, наследникам сенатора США Томаса Кернса. После смерти Кернса в 1918 году компанией управляла его вдова Дженни Джадж Кернс, а затем издателем газеты стал Джон Ф. Фицпатрик, который начал свою карьеру в качестве секретаря сенатора Кернса в 1913 году и оставался издателем до своей смерти в 1960 году. Джон У. Галливан, племянник миссис Кернс, присоединился к *Tribune* в 1937 году и сменил Фицпатрика на посту издателя в 1960 году, оставаясь председателем до слияния с TCI, Inc. в 1997 году. Семья Кернсов владела контрольным пакетом акций газеты до 1997 года, когда компания объединилась с TCI в попытке минимизировать налоги на наследство, которые несли два крупнейших акционера семьи Кернс. Было заключено соглашение о выкупе, предусматривающее возможность для семьи Кернсов повторно приобрести *Tribune* после того, как IRS потребовала пятилетний период владения. Однако в течение этого времени TCI была объединена с *AT&T Corporation*. После сильного давления со стороны Церкви СПД и ответных исков со стороны семьи Кернсов, *Tribune* была продана *AT&T* компании *MediaNews Group*, базирующейся в Денвере, штат Колорадо, в 2000 году. В 2002 году *Tribune* оказалась в центре скандала после того, как сотрудники продали информацию, связанную с делом об исчезновении Элизабет Смарт, *The National Enquirer*. Редактор *Tribune* Джеймс "Джей" Шелledi подал в отставку в связи с последствиями скандала. Два сотрудника также были уволены с должностей репортеров *Tribune*. В 2004 году газета решила переехать из своего исторического здания в центре города в комплекс *The Gateway*. Многие люди, включая нескольких сотрудников *Tribune*, выступили против этого решения, заявив, что оно нанесет ущерб экономике центра Солт-Лейк. Переезд был завершен в мае 2005 года, и редактор Нэнси Конвей сообщила сотрудникам *Tribune*: "Это всего лишь здание".
He was illiterate and he has made frequent boast that he never saw the inside of a school house. His habit of mind was singularly illogical and his public addresses the greatest farrago of nonsense that ever was put in print. He prided himself on being a great financer, and yet all of his commercial speculations have been conspicuous failures. He was hierophant, and pretended to be in daily [communion] with the Almighty, and yet he was groveling in his ideas, and the system of religion he formulated was well nigh Satanic. In 1901, newly elected United States senator Thomas Kearns, a Roman Catholic, and his business partner, David Keith, secretly bought the Tribune. After Keith died in 1918, the Kearns family bought out Keith's share of the Salt Lake Tribune Publishing Company. Eventually, the parent company became Kearns Tribune Corporation. The company began an evening edition in 1902, known as The Salt Lake Telegram. The Telegram was sold in 1914 and reacquired by the Tribune in 1930. It was phased out when the joint operating agreement was formed with the afternoon Deseret News, Salt Lake's daily newspaper owned by the LDS Church, in 1952. John F. Fitzpatrick became publisher in 1924, ushering in what became seven decades of peaceful coexistence with the dominant LDS Church. In 1952 theTribune entered into a joint operating agreement with the Deseret News and created the Newspaper Agency Corporation. Fitzpatrick was the architect of NAC at the request of LDS Church President David O. McKay whose newspaper was near bankruptcy at the time. Fitzpatrick died of a heart attack in 1960, and was succeeded by John W. Gallivan, who had been trained as the next publisher from the time he joined the Tribune in 1937. Gallivan often joked with aspiring journalism students, telling them the best way to the publisher's desk was to get yourself left on the doorstep of the owner. (He had been orphaned at the age of five, then taken in by his mother's half sister, Mrs. Thomas Kearns.) In the late 1950s, in spite of reluctance from John Fitzpatrick about the future of television, Gallivan joined a measured Tribune investment with The Standard Corporation in Ogden, Utah, to build one of the first microwave and cable TV systems across northern Nevada. On weekends, Gallivan traveled by bus to Elko, Nevada, to oversee the construction beginnings. Gallivan and Denver cable investor Bob Magness merged their companies into Tele Communications Inc. (TCI) which eventually became the largest cable television company in the world. The Tribunes ownership interest in TCI reached nearly 15%, which played a large role in later mergers between the two companies. Gallivan remained as Tribune publisher until 1984, and chairman of the board until 1997. For almost 100 years, it was a family owned newspaper held by the heirs of U. S. Senator Thomas Kearns. After Kearns died in 1918, the company was controlled by his widow, Jennie Judge Kearns, and then the newspaper's longtime publisher was John F. Fitzpatrick, who started his career as secretary to Senator Kearns in 1913 and remained publisher until his death in 1960. John W. Gallivan, nephew of Mrs. Kearns, joined the Tribune in 1937 and succeeded Fitzpatrick as publisher in 1960, remaining as chairman until the merger with TCI, Inc. in 1997. The Kearns family owned a majority share of the newspaper until 1997, when the company merged with TCI in an effort to minimize inheritance tax liabilities borne by the two largest shareholders in the Kearns family. A buy back agreement was put in place, providing for the Kearns family to reacquire The Tribune, after the IRS required a five year holding period. However, in the interim TCI was merged with AT&T Corporation. After intense pressure from the LDS Church, and intense counter suits from the Kearns family, the Tribune was subsequently sold by AT&T to Denver, Colorado based MediaNews Group in 2000. In 2002, the Tribune became mired in controversy after employees sold information related to the Elizabeth Smart kidnapping case to The National Enquirer. Tribune editor James "Jay" Shelledy resigned from his job at the paper amid the fallout of the scandal. Two staffers were also removed from their positions as Tribune reporters. In 2004 the paper decided to move from its historic location at the downtown Tribune building to The Gateway development. Many people, including several Tribune employees, opposed the move, stating that it would harm the economy of Salt Lake's downtown. The move was completed in May 2005 and Tribune employees were told by editor Nancy Conway, "It is just a building."
Банкротство
После выхода из банкротства в 2010 году MediaNews Group потеряла контроль над своей собственностью, перейдя под управление хедж-фонда Alden Global Capital. "Оставшаяся часть сети, базирующейся в Денвере, принадлежит консорциуму кредиторов и самому Синглтону". В 2016 году Huntsman Family Investments, LLC, компания, контролируемая Полом Хантсманом, приобрела The Salt Lake Tribune. Пол Хантсман – сын промышленника Джона Хантсмана старшего, председателя холдинговой компании, и брат бывшего губернатора штата Юта и посла в России Джона Хантсмана младшего.
Собственность охотника
20 апреля 2016 года Huntsman Family Investments, частная инвестиционная компания во главе с Полом Хантсманом, сыном промышленника Джона Хантсмана-старшего, объявила о покупке Tribune. В 2017 году Tribune была удостоена Пулитцеровской премии за освещение местных новостей за "серию ярких репортажей, раскрывающих коварное, карательное и жестокое обращение с жертвами сексуального насилия в Университете Бригама Янга, одном из самых влиятельных учреждений штата Юта". В команду входили ведущий репортер Эрин Альберти, главный редактор Шейла Р. Макканн, репортеры Джессика Миллер и Алекс Стуки, а также редактор-автор Рейчел Пайпер. В пакет победивших материалов также вошло расследование сообщений, которые не были должным образом рассмотрены Университетом штата Юта. В мае 2018 года Tribune уволила более 38% сотрудников редакции, сократив штат с девяноста до пятидесяти шести человек. Это были четвертые сокращения с 2011 года и первые под руководством владельца и издателя Пола Хантсмана. Причиной этого названо снижение доходов из-за уменьшения тиража и снижения прибыли от онлайн-рекламы. Газета стала первой крупной (и первой ежедневной) газетой в США, преобразованной в некоммерческую организацию. В октябре 2020 года газета объявила о прекращении ежедневного выпуска печатной версии в конце года, перейдя к еженедельному выпуску, сохранив при этом активное онлайн-присутствие. На тот момент у газеты было около 36 000 подписчиков, что значительно меньше ежедневного тиража, который ранее составлял около 200 000 экземпляров. Газета поддерживала Барака Обаму в 2008 и 2012 годах и Хиллари Клинтон в 2016 году. В 2019 году, после преобразования в некоммерческую корпорацию, газета прекратила делать предвыборные заявления в поддержку кандидатов на все должности (местные, региональные и национальные), поскольку правила IRS запрещают некоммерческим организациям поддерживать кандидатов.