Введение
Антония Старшая (родилась в августе/сентябре 39 года до н.э.) была племянницей первого римского императора Августа, будучи старшей дочерью Октавии Младшей и её второго мужа, триумвира Марка Антония. Она вышла замуж за Луция Домиция Агенобарба и стала бабушкой по отцовской линии императора Нерона.
Antonia the Elder (born August/September 39 BC) was a niece of the first Roman emperor, Augustus, being the eldest daughter of Octavia the Younger and her second husband, the Triumvir Mark Antony. She married Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus and became the paternal grandmother of the emperor Nero.
Биография
Антония родилась в Афинах, Греция, и после 36 года до н.э. она, её братья и сёстры, и её мать были привезены в Рим. Её воспитывали мать, дядя и тётя Ливия Друзилла. По словам Кассия Диона, после смерти отца Август разрешил ей и её младшей сестре, Антонии Младшей, пользоваться отцовским имуществом в Риме. Хотя о ней известно немного, Антония пользовалась большим уважением, как и её сестра Антония Младшая, мать императора Клавдия, которая прославилась своей красотой и добродетелью.
Выпуск
Около 23 года до н.э. Антония вышла замуж за консула Луция Домиция Аенобарба. Известно о троих их детях:
Domitia the Elder ancient sources refer to her as Domitia. She married the consul Decimus Haterius Agrippa and had a son with him Quintus Haterius Antoninus. Domitia later married Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus, consul suffect in 27, proconsul of Asia and consul in AD 44. Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (PIR2 D127) consul in AD 32, he married his cousin Germanicus' daughter Agrippina the Younger in 28. Agrippina and Domitius were the parents of the emperor Nero. He was accused by Tiberius, but saved by that emperor's death (Suet. Nero 5) and lived a few years longer under Caligula's reign until he died in AD 40. Domitia Lepida (PIR2 D180) she first married her cousin, the consul Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus with whom she had a daughter, the empress Valeria Messalina, third wife of the emperor Claudius. After the death of her first husband, she married Faustus Cornelius Sulla Lucullus, suffect consul in AD 31, and had a son with him, Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix (who would become consul in AD 52). At the beginning of Claudius' reign, she married Appius Junius Silanus, consul in AD 28, who was put to death in AD 42. She outlived her daughter, Messalina. It is also likely that they had another son named Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (born between 20 and 17 BC), and possibly also a third daughter (born around 23 BC). Syme thinks its possible that the daughter may have lived to marry and produce children, but probably died before the reign of Caligula.
Домиция Старшая, в древних источниках упоминаемая как Домиция. Она вышла замуж за консула Децима Хатерия Агриппу и родила сына Квинта Хатерия Антонина. Позже Домиция вышла замуж за Гая Саллустия Криспа Пассиена, консула-суффекта в 27 году, проконсула Азии и консула в 44 году н.э.
Domitia the Elder ancient sources refer to her as Domitia. She married the consul Decimus Haterius Agrippa and had a son with him Quintus Haterius Antoninus. Domitia later married Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus, consul suffect in 27, proconsul of Asia and consul in AD 44. Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (PIR2 D127) consul in AD 32, he married his cousin Germanicus' daughter Agrippina the Younger in 28. Agrippina and Domitius were the parents of the emperor Nero. He was accused by Tiberius, but saved by that emperor's death (Suet. Nero 5) and lived a few years longer under Caligula's reign until he died in AD 40. Domitia Lepida (PIR2 D180) she first married her cousin, the consul Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus with whom she had a daughter, the empress Valeria Messalina, third wife of the emperor Claudius. After the death of her first husband, she married Faustus Cornelius Sulla Lucullus, suffect consul in AD 31, and had a son with him, Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix (who would become consul in AD 52). At the beginning of Claudius' reign, she married Appius Junius Silanus, consul in AD 28, who was put to death in AD 42. She outlived her daughter, Messalina. It is also likely that they had another son named Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (born between 20 and 17 BC), and possibly also a third daughter (born around 23 BC). Syme thinks its possible that the daughter may have lived to marry and produce children, but probably died before the reign of Caligula.
Гней Домиций Аенобарб (PIR2 D127) – консул в 32 году н.э., женился в 28 году на дочери своего двоюродного брата, Агриппине Младшей, дочери Германика. Агриппина и Домиций были родителями императора Нерона. Он был обвинен Тиберием, но спасся благодаря смерти императора (Suet. Nero 5) и прожил еще несколько лет во время правления Калигулы, скончавшись в 40 году н.э.
Domitia the Elder ancient sources refer to her as Domitia. She married the consul Decimus Haterius Agrippa and had a son with him Quintus Haterius Antoninus. Domitia later married Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus, consul suffect in 27, proconsul of Asia and consul in AD 44. Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (PIR2 D127) consul in AD 32, he married his cousin Germanicus' daughter Agrippina the Younger in 28. Agrippina and Domitius were the parents of the emperor Nero. He was accused by Tiberius, but saved by that emperor's death (Suet. Nero 5) and lived a few years longer under Caligula's reign until he died in AD 40. Domitia Lepida (PIR2 D180) she first married her cousin, the consul Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus with whom she had a daughter, the empress Valeria Messalina, third wife of the emperor Claudius. After the death of her first husband, she married Faustus Cornelius Sulla Lucullus, suffect consul in AD 31, and had a son with him, Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix (who would become consul in AD 52). At the beginning of Claudius' reign, she married Appius Junius Silanus, consul in AD 28, who was put to death in AD 42. She outlived her daughter, Messalina. It is also likely that they had another son named Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (born between 20 and 17 BC), and possibly also a third daughter (born around 23 BC). Syme thinks its possible that the daughter may have lived to marry and produce children, but probably died before the reign of Caligula.
Домиция Лепида (PIR2 D180) – сначала вышла замуж за своего кузена, консула Марка Валерия Мессаллу Барбата, от которого родила дочь, императрицу Валерию Мессалину, третью жену императора Клавдия. После смерти первого мужа она вышла замуж за Фауста Корнелия Суллу Лукулла, консула-суффекта в 31 году н.э., и родила сына Фауста Корнелия Суллу Феликса (который впоследствии стал консулом в 52 году н.э.). В начале правления Клавдия она вышла замуж за Апия Юния Силана, консула в 28 году н.э., который был казнен в 42 году н.э. Она пережила свою дочь, Мессалину. Также вероятно, что у них был еще один сын по имени Луций Домиций Аенобарб (родившийся между 20 и 17 годами до н.э.), и, возможно, третья дочь (родившаяся около 23 года до н.э.). Сайм полагает, что дочь могла выйти замуж и родить детей, но, скорее всего, умерла до правления Калигулы.
Domitia the Elder ancient sources refer to her as Domitia. She married the consul Decimus Haterius Agrippa and had a son with him Quintus Haterius Antoninus. Domitia later married Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus, consul suffect in 27, proconsul of Asia and consul in AD 44. Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (PIR2 D127) consul in AD 32, he married his cousin Germanicus' daughter Agrippina the Younger in 28. Agrippina and Domitius were the parents of the emperor Nero. He was accused by Tiberius, but saved by that emperor's death (Suet. Nero 5) and lived a few years longer under Caligula's reign until he died in AD 40. Domitia Lepida (PIR2 D180) she first married her cousin, the consul Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus with whom she had a daughter, the empress Valeria Messalina, third wife of the emperor Claudius. After the death of her first husband, she married Faustus Cornelius Sulla Lucullus, suffect consul in AD 31, and had a son with him, Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix (who would become consul in AD 52). At the beginning of Claudius' reign, she married Appius Junius Silanus, consul in AD 28, who was put to death in AD 42. She outlived her daughter, Messalina. It is also likely that they had another son named Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (born between 20 and 17 BC), and possibly also a third daughter (born around 23 BC). Syme thinks its possible that the daughter may have lived to marry and produce children, but probably died before the reign of Caligula.
Культурные изображения
Многие ученые полагают, что Ара Пакис (алтарь эпохи Августа) изображает Гнея Домиция Аенобарба и его старшую сестру. Женщина позади Домиции и Домиция предположительно является их матерью, Антонией Майор, а мужчина рядом с Антонией Майор – предположительно ее муж, Луций Домиций Аенобарб, что было установлено в 1903 году Альфредом фон Домашевским. Однако единственный сын Антонии и Аенобарба родился в 1 году до н.э., то есть после завершения и освящения Ара Пакис. Следовательно, мальчик на фризе не может быть тем самым печально известным Гнеем (отцом Нерона). Сэр Рональд Сайм предположил, что эти двое детей – на самом деле потерянный старший сын, Луций, и другая неизвестная сестра. В действительности, вся эта семья, по всей видимости, является другой семьей, вероятно, семьей одной из трех племянниц Августа. Мы располагаем значительным количеством информации о детях, родившихся в императорской семье, и о тех, кто не дожил до взрослого возраста. Гней родился в 1 году до н.э. и имел двух старших сестер. Ни один из дошедших до нас источников не упоминает о старших братьях и сестрах, умерших в детстве, в то время как в других ветвях императорской семьи между 21 и 15 годами до н.э. рождался ровно один сын и одна дочь.