Тюри: История и топонимия французской коммуны

Thury (tyʁi) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne Franche Comté in north central France, in the natural region of Forterre. Its inhabitants are called Thurycois and Thurycoises.

Thury's is attested as Tauriacus in the high medieval Gesta of the Bishops of Auxerre (see below); Thuraco in 1369 (Pouillé); Thoriaco of the fourteenth century (Pouillé). Tauriacus originally referred to a field or property of one Taurus, possibly Taruos in Gaulish. The Gallo Roman suffix acus or acum is of Gaulish origin and indicates a person's property. This suffix (fr) often evolved into y in many French place names, in Thury's region and far beyond. An alternative etymology would be from the appellative turra, of pre Latin and possibly Gaulish origin and the root of many toponyms. Thury's hamlets (hameaux) include Colangette, Gémigny, Grangette, La Forêt, Le Boichet, Les Grands Moulins, Moulery, and Panny.

The altitude of the village of Thury is 225m. The higher localities on Thury's territory are: Les Grands Moulins, at 327.5m; La Justice, at 327m; Le Moulin Buteau, at 325m; Le Roichat, at 303.6m; Le Bois de Mont, at 301.2m; and Marchat, at 292m. Beyond Thury's boundaries, the highest points in the surroundings are at Taingy, 338m; Perreuse, 373m; and the old mill of the Montagne des Alouettes on the territory of Sougères, 366.8m. A local belief that the latter's name is derived from the Roman Legio V Alaudae is no longer held true, and the name appears to stem from the locale's feudal history. Chalk quarries near the settlement of Bois de Thury were exploited from 1850 to 1940.

Prehistoric traces of human presence in Thury, determined by finds of flint remains, go back to the Neanderthals about 40,000 years BCE. Neolithic objects (ca. 6000–3000 BCE in the region) discovered by Mr Creusard, including a polished stone pestle that was used to crush grain, are held in the small museum inside the church's tower. Burgundian palaeographer fr reported the finding in 1862 of bronze objects (a ring, a hatchet and a key) from the Bronze Age (ca. 3000–1000 BCE) in Thury's hamlet of Gémigny.

The Roman road from Auxerre to Entrains sur Nohain forms part of the boundary between the respective territories of Sougères en Puisaye and Thury. Local tradition holds that the parish was created in 432 CE by Germanus of Auxerre. The land of Thury was part of the battlefield of the Battle of Fontenoy (841). Echoes of the battle survive in toponyms around the village to this day. For example, the name of the nearby hill and wood of Roichat refers to King Charles the Bald (le roi Charles), who had established his temporary base camp there. After 1000 CE, lordship over the land of Thury alternated between the County of Auxerre, its Bishop (long a territorial lord as well), the Count of Champagne, the Count of Nevers, and occasionally the Duke of Burgundy. There is no trace of a specific lordship of Thury during that period though, and it is not clear how significant the village was if indeed it remained inhabited.

The municipality of Thury was created in 1793. It has always been part of the département of Yonne. Initially it was the seat (chef lieu) of its own canton, part of the arrondissement of Saint Fargeau. In 1801, Thury became part of the canton of Saint Sauveur en Puisaye and the arrondissement of Auxerre. Following a remodeling of the cantons, Thury has been part of the Canton of Vincelles since 2015. Thury was part of the fr, created as one of the new pays under the fr. This pays was dissolved on 31 December 2016 and replaced on 1 January 2017 by the fr, with seat in Saint Fargeau.

The local economy is predominantly agricultural. Thury also has several shops and services (grocery, bakery, hairdresser, pharmacy, post office) and several companies established on its territory (electricity, roofing, sanitation, masonry, earthwork & public Works, maintenance of green spaces, industrial computing, pet grooming) as well as guest houses in the village and its hamlets of Grangette and Moulery. Thury retains a primary school.

Thury's church is dedicated to Julian of Brioude and was built around 1500, possibly the third or fourth on this location. It was designated a Monument historique by order (décret) of 4 August 1970. It is representative of the late Gothic architecture of the region. The original contract for the sculpture of the front portal is preserved in the Archives départementales of Yonne in Auxerre. It was signed on 9 July 1521 between mason Antoine Cas and "ymageur" (sculptor) François Faulconnier at Auxerre. Three statues of St Peter, St Paul and Jesus Christ, by Parisian sculptor Jean Georges Poutriquet, were added in 1975. however, the veracity of this tradition has been questioned. The nearby clergy house (presbytère) was rebuilt several times, last in 1843.

The village castle, or fortified mansion, was built around the mid 15th century as Thury was starting to recover from the Hundred Years' War. It remained the abode of the local lords of Thury until the 18th century, when absentee lords transformed it into a hostel. fr, Bishop of Auxerre, stayed there in 1760 to signal his displeasure with the local priest, who was a Jansenist. In 1768 Louis Joseph Marie André Gabriel de Castellane, the last lord of Thury, took residence there again, but in 1786 moved permanently to his Parisian Hôtel particulier on fr. The property was sold in 1800 to the former lord of nearby Lainsecq. The statue of a resolute poilu is a cast of Charles Henri Pourquet's sculpture, La Résistance, manufactured by the Fonderie d'art du Val d'Osne and also adopted by hundreds of other French villages for the same purpose.

The village lavoir, on the road towards Saint Sauveur, was built in the early 19th century and is well preserved.

Every day of the summer of 2009 except Monday, opening the church access to and Lapidary Museum panorama tower 15 h 00 18 h 00. Grain Fair in February, nearest 25. Academy of Chamber Music of Thury: 1–13 August. Several concerts in the churches of the canton, with the closing concert 13 August in the church of Thury. Feast of Saint Julien, the third Sunday in August. Heritage Days, historical and architectural tour of the village (2 hours) and open multiple sites (press, forge, mayor, cadastre of 1825, church and bell tower, etc.) The Seniors Club, named Printemps malgré tout, participates in various events within the municipality and organizes cultural trips for its members. Library with over 4000 volumes, contributes to the promotion of culture. Custodian of the county library, it provides access to over 150,000 books. Le P'tit Thurycois, the village's local journal, has been published on a quarterly basis from spring 1983.