Эйбар: город и муниципалитет в Стране Басков

the municipality

Eibar (, lang es) is a city and municipality within the province of Gipuzkoa, in the Basque Country of Spain. It is the capital of the eskualde / comarca of Debabarrena. Eibar has 27,138 inhabitants (Eustat, 2018). Its chief industry is metal manufacturing, and the city has been known since the 16th century for the manufacture of armaments, particularly finely engraved small arms. It was also the home of Serveta scooters. It is home to the SD Eibar football team.

Eibar lies at an altitude of 121m above sea level, in the west of the province of Gipuzkoa, very close to Biscay. Eibar has an oceanic climate. The town lies in a narrow valley in a mountainous area, with mountains like Karakate, Kalamua and Akondia being between 700 and 800 metres tall. Eibar is traversed by the river Ego, which is a tributary of the Deba. Apart from the urban area, the municipality consists of five rural neighbourhoods: Otaola Kinarraga, Aginaga, Arrate, Mandiola and Gorosta.

The city was chartered by Alfonso XI of Castile in 1346, receiving the name of Villanueva de San Andrés de Heybar. The feudal families that dominated the territory engaged in the War of the Bands. Eibar, like the rest of settlements in the valley, had an industry based on finery forges and arms manufacturing. In 1766, Eibar was engaged in a social revolt known as the Machinada, and years later, in 1794, it was attacked by the French, who destroyed the town. In the Carlist Wars, Eibar sided with the Liberals. The labour movement and socialism became particularly strong in Eibar. In 1931, it was the first city in Spain to proclaim the Second Spanish Republic; in recognition it was given the title of "Very Exemplary City". In the Spanish Civil War, Eibar was practically destroyed by Italian bombers aiding the Nationalists. The subsequent rebuilding brought significant industrial development and a demographic increase, as Eibar's population increased to nearly 40,000 within a few years. Due to the lack of space for expansion, several factories moved to Durangaldea and Álava. The industrial crisis in the 1980s also caused Eibar to lose a great part of its population.]]

Church of San Andrés, built during the 16th and 17th centuries, it has a Gothic style with Renaissance and Baroque elements. Sanctuary of the Virgin of Arrate, from the beginning of the 17th century. Hermitage of Azitain, it contains a rare 17th century beardless Christ. Palace of Unzueta, from the 17th century. Palace of Aldatze, from the 17th century. Palace of Markeskua, from the 16th century. City Hall, built in concrete over the river Ego, designed by architect Ramón Cortázar and inaugurated on 14 September 1901. Coliseo Theatre, inaugurated in 1947 and refurbished in 2007.

The Gipuzkoa Faculty of Engineering of the University of the Basque Country has a campus in Eibar. The campus offers an undergraduate program in renewable energy engineering. The Escuela de Armería, founded in 1913, is the oldest vocational training school in Spain.