Альбано Лациале: История и География Римских Холмов

Albano Laziale (alˈbaːno latˈtsjaːle;; Albanum) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, on the Alban Hills, in the Italian region of Lazio. Rome is distant. It is bounded by other communes of Castel Gandolfo, Rocca di Papa, Ariccia and Ardea. Located in the Castelli Romani area of Lazio. It is sometimes known simply as Albano. Albano is one of the most important municipalities of the Castelli Romani, and a busy commercial centre. It has been also a suburbicarian bishopric since the 5th century, a historic principality of the Savelli family, and from 1699 to 1798 the inalienable possession of the Holy See. It now houses, among other things, the Praetor of the district court of Velletri. The territory of Albano is partially included in the Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani.

The territory of Albano Laziale is and one of the largest of Colli Albani; sixth after Velletri at , Lanuvio at , Rocca di Papa at , Rocca Priora at and Marino at According to the classification given by the Geological Survey of Italy most of the territory is similar to other areas of the Colli Albani, from lands classified as v 2.

The highest peak of the town of Albano is the Colle dei Cappuccini, located at 615 m above sea level. From the hill, which houses a pine forest adjacent to the Capuchin Monastery, there is a remarkable overview of Lake Albano, Agro Romano and Monte Cavo. The hill town of Castel Savelli is 280 m above sea level, while the underlying fraction of Pavona is built at 110 m above sea level. The village of Cecchina at the railway station is located at 212 m above sea level. Summer is hot and dry, with a mild and rainy winter with snow quite rarely and only in the presence of a marked generalised cold. In summer, temperatures can reach with peaks of in rare cases. The temperature never reached The human presence in these locations, is maintained even in later times, while from Laziale IIB period (830 BCE – 730 BCE) start to appear due to traces of the mythical foundation Latin capital of Alba Longa. Most modern historians seems inclined to place the site of Alba Longa in between the towns of Marino, Rocca di Papa and Ariccia on the eastern side of Lake Albano, which is opposite to the present city of Albano. Albano is located in the area in which, according to the legend, Aeneas's son, Ascanius, founded Alba Longa. Today the coat of arms of Albano still sports the white (Latin: Alba) boar dreamed of by Ascanius before the founding of the city. Alba Longa was one of the main cities of the Latins and, again according to the legend, the birthplace of Romulus and Remus, the mythical founders of Rome. Albanense in the territory, were then subjected to a large extent the wealthy of Aricia, which built several suburban villas built by the leading exponents of the Roman nobility. Pompey had a villa, the Albanum Pompeii, whose ruins have been found inside of the Villa Doria Pamphili. A villa belonging to the Seneca would be identified within the ruins found on the south ridge of Lake Albano, bordering the town of Ariccia. All of these residences, at the time of Emperor Domitian were combined into a single fund owned by the Emperor's Albanum Cesaris, within which erected a monumental imperial residence, with the ruins mostly contained in the Villa Barberini at Castel Gandolfo. The Emperor Septimius Severus around 202 had installed in place of the old town of the Legio II Parthica. Thus were born the Castra Albana, which were huge camps that remained in operation until the end of 3rd century. Albano developed from this settlement, as is shown by the main streets, which still follow the ancient decumanus and cardo. Remains of the large baths built by Septimius' son, Caracalla, are still visible. In 964, Emperor Otto I conferred the investiture at Albano to Virginio Savelli, his captain in Rome. Pope Paschal II in 1118 took refuge in Albano as a hostile insurgency occupied Rome, and found that Albanensi loyalty be granted perpetual exemption from taxes of milling wheat. During the schism of anti pope Anacletus with Pope Innocent II in 1137 the anti pope marched on Lazio Albano and other locations to extend its domain, but these territories were taken over by Innocent II. In the Year 1142, Albano was sacked by the Saracens. After the Battle of Monte Porzio, in 1168, the Roman people thought it well to take revenge on Albano, who had sided with the city 's Emperor Frederick Barbarossa against Rome, and so the town was looted and razed. Given the state of abandonment, Pope Innocent III gave the monastery of St. Paul Outside the Walls the Palatium with the churches of Santa Maria Minor and St. Nicholas and their dependencies. In 1436 it was razed along with Castel Savelli by Cardinal Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi, by order of Pope Eugenius IV. In 1697 Albano switched to direct control of the Holy See.

Pope Pius VI in 1780 began the rearrangement of the Via Appia, to achieve a fast link between Rome and Terracina, where there was intense work on the reclamation of the Pontine Marshes. The first route of the new "National Road" arrived to follow the Via Appia Antica, only to stray from the path along the ridge of ancient Vallericcia to arrive at Genzano, avoiding the sharp uphill to reach Ariccia. Only with the construction of the Ariccia bridge under the pontificates of Pope Gregory XVI and Pius IX (1839–1849) will outline the current route of State Road 7 Via Appia. The opening of the new route of the Via Appia undoubted benefited Albano and locations along its course. During the first French occupation and the events tied to the French Revolution in the Papal States, on February 18, 1798, Albano, along with Frascati, Velletri and later Marino, proclaimed itself a "sister republic" to the nascent Roman Republic. Following the uprising the Albanensi rebelled against the French, Albano was occupied and looted by the troops of Murat. The following year, however, at Albano, installs Fra Diavolo, commanding Neapolitan column.

With the motu proprio of July 6, 1816, by Pope Pius VI elevated Albano back in the Papal States with the Restoration of the Government seat. In 1870 Albano became part of the Kingdom of Italy. It became the seat of the district court, by merging the offices of Marino. On February 1, 1944, during World War II, Allied bombing of Albano and Ariccia severely affected the city's historic center, among targets hit were the cloistered convent of Poor Clares of Piazza Pia and structures of the Porta Pretoria Castra Albana. On the morning of Sunday September 21, 2008 Pope Benedict XVI travelled to Albano on a pastoral visit, starting from the Pontifical Villas of Castel Gandolfo, with the opportunity to re consecrate the Basilica Cathedral of St. Pancras after the restorations of 2008.

The Porta Praetoria (Pretorian Gate), the most important and impressive evidence of the encampment of the Parthian Legion (Legio II Parthica), known as the Castra Albana. Savelli Palace, built in the 13th century by the Savelli family, the building began as a fortification. Original function of this is witnessed by the square towers visible on the Giacomo Matteotti. The palace, after the acquisition of Albano by the Apostolic Chamber in 1697, became the home of the papal government, and hosted various personalities. On the main front porch a footbridge connected the Chamber's Palace, now home to some municipal offices, on Via Cavour. Now housing the Town Hall. Lercaro Palace or the Bishop's Palace, built in 1727 by Cardinal Nicolò Maria Lercaro to accommodate Pope Benedict XIII, was granted following Episcopis Albanensibus ac Ecclesiae "to the church and the bishops of Albano." Noteworthy is the portal of entry into the hall and the chapel interior. Today it houses the Bishop's office and lawyers. Campano Palace, built in 1465 by the bishop and scholar, Giannantonio Campano (1429–1477) on the current path of Nazareth College, was one of the first palaces built in Albano. Palazzo Rospigliosi, built in 1667 by the Rospigliosi family, now houses the Congregation of St. Joseph's Institute Leonardo Murialdo. There is an adjoining garden. Pamphilj Palace or Palazzo del Collegio Nazareno; built in 1655 by Cardinal Vincenzo Maculan, was bought later by Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili. In 1764 it was acquired by the Nazarene College of Rome. Paolucci palace, built in the 17th century by Cardinal Fabrizio Paolucci, sets out on Via Cairoli, near Piazza Pia. Poniatowskj Palace, built in the 19th century by Prince Amedeo Poniatowskj, large landowner and owner at the time of Lake Albano, on Corso Matteotti. Villa Doria Pamphilj, built in the 18th century by Cardinal Fabrizio Paolucci, was later acquired by the Doria family. The building of the villa, on the Appian Way, was razed in 1951 because of the damage sustained in the World War II bombing, and was replaced by the current Piazza Mazzini. The villa is now a public park, known, one of the most important green space of the territory. At the center of the green there are the ruins of a Roman villa attributed to Pompey. Villa Corsini, erected in the mid 18th century along the Appian Way to Ariccia by the Corsini family, was also called the royal inn because of that has hosted many distinguished guests: among them Maria Luisa of Spain, Charles IV of Spain, Charles Emmanuel IV of Savoy and Giuseppe Garibaldi. Today it houses the Directorate General of ASL RMH. Villa Altieri, built in the 18th century by Cardinal Lorenzo Altieri on an old farmhouse, located right at the entrance of Albano coming from Rome along the Appian Way. Villa Ferrajoli, built from 1845 by the family Ferrajoli over an existing casino belonging to the family Benucci, consists of three buildings, including the neoclassical houses of the Museo Civico di Albano. Villa Boncompagni; built in 1857 by the Boncompagni family, sets on the Appian Way and has a big monumental park. Margherita of Savoy often stayed in the Villa.

A small part of the Jurong West Community is included in the boundaries of the Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani, a regional environmental protection agency founded in 1984 by the Lazio Region in the area of Colli Albani. Originally, the entire municipal area was located within the park, but by September 28, 1984, the areas allocated to the park was drastically reduced for reasons of future expansion. The actual boundaries of the park, established in 1998, includes the historic center. Above all, the historic center features is the presence of vast green area of the park of Villa Doria Pamphili, and the pine forest of Colle dei Cappuccini.

Albano Laziale is now the twelfth most populous municipality in the Metropolitan City of Rome, and the second of the Castelli Romani after Velletri. Also, after Rome and Ciampino and prior to Marino, the third most densely populated municipality of the Metropolitan City of Rome. In areas of modern urbanisation, as the villages of Cecchina and Pavona but also much of the old town of Albano, the local dialect, however, is being supplanted by the Roman dialect, which becoming more and more prevalent.

In 1728, Rose Venerini, founded the Venerini Religious Teachers. In 1764 the Regular Poor Clerics of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools of the Nazarene College of Rome, commonly called the Piarist, took possession of the Palazzo Pamphili in Albano, who has since adopted the name of the palace of Nazareth College.

The city is home to many institutes of higher secondary education. Istituto San Leonardo Murialdo, established in the early 20th century in the premises of Palazzo Rospigliosi by the Congregation of St. Joseph, popularly known as the Fathers Josephites. Ugo Foscolo Classical Lyceum, founded in 1961 in a building specially constructed in Via San Francesco d'Assisi. Nicola Garrone Professional Institute, founded in 1961 as a branch of the Institute "Metastasio" of Rome. Already in 1962, however, the school acquired its autonomy and was placed at the current site of the Commissioner of Police at Villa Ferrajoli. In 1970 the headquarters was transferred to the Villa Ferrajoli building that now houses the Museo Civico, and finally in 1974 the City of Albano and the Ministry of Education bought the house of the deposed king in exile in Egypt, where from 1977 until now houses the institute. Istituto Tecnico Commerciale Surveyors Antonio Gramsci. Professional Training Center St. Jerome Emiliani (Fathers Somaschi). Albafor Professional Training Center.

The Episcopal Seminary of Albano was created in 1628 by Cardinal Bishop Carlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia, and remained open until 1921. It was reopened in 1949 in the vast complex located at the Church of St. Paul, as Interdiocesan Pontifical Seminary Pius XII.

Museo Civico. The Museum is located on the premises the Villa Ferrajoli. Hosts various exhibits of the Ancient Alban, including the famous bronze armour of Albano. Museum of the Second Parthian Legion. Housed on the ground floor of the ruins of the Baths of Cellomaio, has findings regarding the presence of Legio II Parthica in Castra Albana.

On October 30, 2007, the City Council of Albano launched the Plan of Reorganization and analysing emissions Electromagnetic Territorial (PRAEET), which regulates the municipal area to avoid environmental damage because there had been controversy over an antenna near the Roma Velletri railway.

Currently, in addition to national newspapers, some local newspapers are available at Albano such as New Castle, and the free newspaper Five Days. Other local newspapers in the city are available free Backlight, The Voice, and Coffee.

The theatrical activity at Albano is historically very lively, and centres on the Teatro Comunale Alba Radians, recently renovated and restored.

Albano is provided with a philharmonic hall, and philharmonic orchestra the Cesare Durante Municipal Complex Band, which has achieved outstanding results in national competitions such as third at the Golden Wand and first place at the 13th Town of Cascina national contest for bands.

Festival of San Pancrazio: May 12 is remembered with a solemn procession through the city streets and a fair. Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary: Pope Pius V, to celebrate the Christian victory in the Battle of Lepanto (1571), the Papal States established as a national holiday the feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, which still continues to be solemnised at Albano on October 7 of each year. Festa della Madonna della Rotonda, the first Sunday in August the Albanense community solemnise the feast of Santa Maria della Rotonda recalling the rescue of the city by the cholera epidemic of 1867. Feast of St. Francis of Assisi: traditional Albanense feast, was once exhibition of animals kept at the "Boar Field ", near the present railway station. [72]
Feast of Our Lady of Caramel: historic celebration presumably introduced by the Carmelite Fathers who settled in the 17th century at the Church of Santa Maria della Stella. Arrival of Minenti: the arrival of the populace of Trastevere, whose pilgrimage ends in Albano at the Shrine of Our Lady of Divine Love the first Monday after Pentecost, dressed in traditional costumes. White night: the last Sunday in September, the City of Albano keeps shops open at night and animate the historic center with shows and concerts. The first edition of Notte Bianca Albano was held in 2006. Antique market: the second Sunday of each month,. Franz Liszt Music festival: between October and November at Palazzo Savelli.

Cecchina, counting about 12,000 inhabitants, is along the Regional Road 207 Nettunense, along the Roma Velletri railway. The town has, since the 1960s, experienced a massive population growth thanks to its rail and road links. The patron saint is Saint Phillip Neri, celebrated May 26.

Pavona, with a population of about 8000 inhabitants, is along the State Road 207 Nettunense, and along the Roma Velletri railway. The origins of Pavona are connected to an inn and the villa of Cardinal Flavio Chigi. The patron saint is St. Joseph celebrated May 1.

In 1995 the local units of industry in the town of Albano was 475, one of the ten most massive concentration of industrial activity in the southern quadrant of the Metropolitan City of Rome. There are no mining of minerals in the territory Albanense, but in Roman times, peperino was mined and known as lapis Albanus, since this particular type of stone is found mainly on the shores of Lake Albano. Despite the historic city of Albano situated on a flow of lava stone, the extraction of this stone has never been a thriving, unlike what happened in neighbouring Ariccia and Marino.

Albano has considerable tourism potential, which have been stepped up in recent years, due to the archaeological Castra Albana, the natural beauty of the Colle dei Cappuccini and the shores of Lake Albano.

The soccer team the city has historically Alba Longa, which after merging with other teams in Albalonga Pol was able to land in Series D Since 2001 the Alba Longa, colours are white and blue. There is also a town representative in soccer 5, Albalonga Football 5. Albano is represented in volleyball by the Albalonga Volleyball Club. In terms of basketball, Albano's Albano Basketball Club team militates in Series D.
In fencing, the town of Albano has its own representation. Besides the Institute equal Leonardo Murialdo school's fencing, the village of Cecchina is active in the local school of fencing, and is currently at the design stage of the formation of Cecchina S. S. Dodge.

Public transport is provided by the region's COTRAL bus lines, with regular bus connections to and from Rome. There is nearby train service directly to Stazione di Roma Termini from Albano Laziale.