Национальная ассоциация цветных женщин: история и деятельность

The National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC) is an American organization that was formed in July 1896 at the First Annual Convention of the National Federation of Afro American Women in Washington, D. C., United States, by a merger of the National Federation of Afro American Women, the Woman's Era Club of Boston, and the Colored Women's League of Washington, DC, at the call of Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin. From 1896 to 1904 it was known as the National Association of Colored Women (NACW). It adopted the motto "Lifting as we climb", to demonstrate to "an ignorant and suspicious world that our aims and interests are identical with those of all good aspiring women." When incorporated in 1904, NACW became known as the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC).

The National Association of Colored Women (later National Association of Colored Women's Clubs) was established in Washington, D. C., on July 21, 1896. This first of what would later become biennial convention meetings of the association was held at the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church. The organizations attending this convention included the National Federation of Afro American Women, the Woman's Era Club of Boston, and the National League of Colored Women of Washington, DC, the Women's Loyal Union as well as smaller organizations that had arisen from the African American women's club movement. These organizations and later others across the country merged to form the National Association of Colored Women. The organization helped all African Americans through its work on issues of civil rights and injustice, such as women’s suffrage, lynching, and Jim Crow laws.

Two of NACWC's leading members were Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin and Mary Church Terrell, who organized their regional women's clubs at the July 1896 convention to resist negative representations of Black Women. To defend their respectability, they refuted a letter written by James Jacks, then president of the Missouri Press Association because Jacks' letter referred to them as thieves and prostitutes. Mrs. Booker T. Washington, Margaret Murray Washington, convened the meeting. Founders of the NACWC included Harriet Tubman, Margaret Murray Washington, Frances E. W. Harper, Ida Bell Wells Barnett, Victoria Earle Matthews, Josephine Silone Yates, and Mary Church Terrell.

The organization defined its first year agenda through multiple issues inhibiting the social mobility of black people. These included: "Chain Gang System of the South, the Separate Car Law of the South, the Plantation Mother and Child, Rescue Work in the Alleys and Slums of our Great Cities, the Founding of Homes for our Working Classes, and a Greater Interest in our Fallen and Wayward." During the next ten years, the NACWC became involved in campaigns in favor of women's suffrage and against lynching and Jim Crow laws. They also led efforts to improve education, and care for both children and the elderly. Membership grew from 5,000 members in 1897 to 100,000 by 1924 before a decline during the Great Depression.

Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin and Mary Church Terrell made major contributions to the National Association of Colored Women. Their efforts led the NACWC to become the most prominent organization formed during the African American Woman Suffrage Movement. Both women were educated and had economically successful parents. Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin used part of her estate to fund Woman’s Era, the first journal published by and for African American women. This publication established black women as a public audience and a community for both NACWC members and prospective members. Mary Church Terrell was a formidable organizer. She led the struggle in Washington, DC against segregation in restaurants and succeeded in winning a court decision for integration there.

Officers elected at the first meeting of the National Association of Colored Women, July 1896. President Mrs. Mary Church Terrell
First Vice President Mrs. Fanny Jackson Coppin
Second Vice President Mrs. F. E. W. Harper
Third Vice President Mrs. Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin
Fourth Vice President Mrs. Josephine Silone Yates
Fifth Vice President Mrs. Sylvanie Williams
Sixth Vice President Mrs. Jennie Chase Williams
Seventh Vice President Mrs. Lucy Thurman
Recording Secretary Mrs. Alice Ruth Moore
Corresponding Secretary Miss A. V. Thompkins
Treasurer Mrs. Helen Appo Cook
Chairman of the Executive Committee Mrs. Margaret Murray Washington
National Organizer Mrs. Victoria Earle Matthews
Editorial Staff Mrs. Booker T. Washington, Margaret Murray Washington, Dr. Rebecca Cole, Mrs. Rosa D. Bowser, Mrs. Ida Wells Barnett, Mrs. Frances J. Jackson
Ways and Means Committee Mrs. J. Napier Kemp, Miss Lulu Chase, Mrs. Ella Mahammitt, Miss Julia F. Jones
Committee to Draft Constitution Mrs. A. V. Jones, Mrs. Anna Jones, Mrs. C. L. Franklin, Mrs. Rosa D. Bowser, and Mrs. Victoria Earle Matthews
Other significant attendees Mrs. John H. Smyth

To work for the economic, moral, religious and social welfare of women and children. To protect the rights of women and children. To raise the standard and quality of life in home and family. To secure and use our influence for the enforcement of civil and political rights for all citizens. To promote the education of women and children through the work of effective programs. To obtain for African American families the opportunity of reaching the highest levels of human endeavor. To promote effective interaction with the organization's male auxiliary. To promote inter racial understanding so that justice and good will may prevail amongst all people.