Генерал-майор Уильям Тревор – Герой Викторианского креста
William Spottiswoode Trevor
Вильям Тревор, герой Викторианского креста: биография британского генерала, участника Первой англо-афганской войны и заложника в Кабуле. История семьи Тревор.
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Введение
Получатель Креста Виктории генерал-майор Уильям Споттисвуд Тревор (9 октября 1831 года – 2 ноября 1907 года) был удостоен Креста Виктории (VC) – высшей и наиболее престижной награды за доблесть, проявленную перед лицом противника, которой могут быть награждены военнослужащие британских и стран Содружества сил.
Recipient of the Victoria Cross
Major General William Spottiswoode Trevor VC (9 October 1831 – 2 November 1907) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Подробности
Тревор был сыном Роберта Салусбери Тревора и Мэри Спотисвуд. Его отец, капитан 3-й Бенгальской кавалерии, был убит в Кабуле во время Первой англо-афганской войны, во время убийства британского посланника сэра Уильяма Макнагтена. Тревор вместе с матерью и братьями и сестрами сопровождал отца в Афганистан и оказался среди заложников, удерживаемых афганцами после отступления из Кабула в 1842 году. Они были спасены после повторной оккупации Кабула генералом Поллоком в 1842 году. Младшим братом был сэр Артур Тревор. Получив образование в Эдинбургской академии и Аддискомбской военной семинарии, Тревор был произведен в вторые лейтенанты Бенгальских инженеров в декабре 1849 года. После дополнительной подготовки он прибыл в Индию в 1852 году и участвовал во Второй англо-бирманской войне, где был дважды ранен и упомянут в донесениях. После проведения инженерных изысканий в Бирме, он был переведен в Бенгалию в октябре 1857 года, где служил во время Индийского восстания. В августе 1858 года он был повышен в капитаны, после чего участвовал в инженерных проектах в Бенгалии. После выздоровления от ран Тревор стал главным инженером Бенгальского президентства и в мае 1866 года получил внеочередное звание майора. В августе 1874 года он был повышен до подполковника, занимал ряд инженерных должностей в Индии, а в декабре 1875 года был назначен главным инженером Британской Бирмы, на которой прослужил пять лет. 19 августа 1879 года он был повышен до полковника, а в 1880 году стал генеральным директором железных дорог. Затем он служил секретарем правительства Индии в Департаменте общественных работ. Тревор женился на Элизе Энн Фишер, дочери преподобного Генри Сандерсона Фишера из Индийской церковной службы, в церкви Святого Эндрюса в Дарджилинге, на церемонии, которую провел отец невесты, 19 июня 1858 года. До смерти Элизы в 1863 году…
Trevor was the son of Robert Salusbury Trevor and Mary Spottiswoode. His father, a captain with the 3rd Bengal Cavalry, was murdered in Kabul during the First Anglo Afghan War, at the time of the assassination of the British Envoy, Sir William Macnaghten. Trevor, along with his mother and siblings, had accompanied his father to Afghanistan and were amongst the hostages held by the Afghans following the 1842 retreat from Kabul. They were rescued following General Pollock's reoccupation of Kabul in 1842. A younger brother was Sir Arthur Trevor. Educated at Edinburgh Academy and Addiscombe Military Seminary, Trevor was commissioned second lieutenant in the Bengal Engineers in December 1849. After further training, he arrived in India in 1852 and took part in the Second Anglo Burmese War, where he was twice wounded and mentioned in dispatches. After undertaking survey work in Burma, he transferred to Bengal in October 1857, where he served during the Indian Mutiny. Promoted captain in August 1858, he was then involved in engineering projects in Bengal. After recovering from his wounds, Trevor became superintending engineer at the Bengal Presidency, and was made brevet major in May 1866. Promoted lieutenant colonel in August 1874, he held a number of engineering roles in India, and in December 1875 was appointed chief engineer of British Burma, a post he held for five years. He was promoted brevet colonel on 19 August 1879, and in 1880 became director general of Railways. He then served as secretary to the government of India in the Public Works Department
Trevor married Eliza Ann Fisher, daughter of the Reverend Henry Sanderson Fisher of the Indian Ecclesiastical Service at St Andrews Church Darjeeling, in a ceremony conducted by the bride's father, on 19 June 1858. Before Eliza died in 1863,
Trevor died on 2 November 1907 aged 76 at his home in Westminster, London, and is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Engineers Museum, Gillingham, Kent.
Тревор умер 2 ноября 1907 года в возрасте 76 лет в своем доме в Вестминстере, Лондоне, и похоронен на кладбище Кенсал Грин. Его крест Виктории выставлен в Музее королевских инженеров в Гиллингеме, Кент.
Trevor was the son of Robert Salusbury Trevor and Mary Spottiswoode. His father, a captain with the 3rd Bengal Cavalry, was murdered in Kabul during the First Anglo Afghan War, at the time of the assassination of the British Envoy, Sir William Macnaghten. Trevor, along with his mother and siblings, had accompanied his father to Afghanistan and were amongst the hostages held by the Afghans following the 1842 retreat from Kabul. They were rescued following General Pollock's reoccupation of Kabul in 1842. A younger brother was Sir Arthur Trevor. Educated at Edinburgh Academy and Addiscombe Military Seminary, Trevor was commissioned second lieutenant in the Bengal Engineers in December 1849. After further training, he arrived in India in 1852 and took part in the Second Anglo Burmese War, where he was twice wounded and mentioned in dispatches. After undertaking survey work in Burma, he transferred to Bengal in October 1857, where he served during the Indian Mutiny. Promoted captain in August 1858, he was then involved in engineering projects in Bengal. After recovering from his wounds, Trevor became superintending engineer at the Bengal Presidency, and was made brevet major in May 1866. Promoted lieutenant colonel in August 1874, he held a number of engineering roles in India, and in December 1875 was appointed chief engineer of British Burma, a post he held for five years. He was promoted brevet colonel on 19 August 1879, and in 1880 became director general of Railways. He then served as secretary to the government of India in the Public Works Department
Trevor married Eliza Ann Fisher, daughter of the Reverend Henry Sanderson Fisher of the Indian Ecclesiastical Service at St Andrews Church Darjeeling, in a ceremony conducted by the bride's father, on 19 June 1858. Before Eliza died in 1863,
Trevor died on 2 November 1907 aged 76 at his home in Westminster, London, and is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Engineers Museum, Gillingham, Kent.