Мадридский договор 1750 года: Разграничение колониальных владений Испании и Португалии

1750 treaty between Spain and Portugal

The Treaty of Madrid (also known as the Treaty of Limits of the Conquests) was an agreement concluded between Spain and Portugal on 13 January 1750. In an effort to end decades of conflict in the region of present day Uruguay, the treaty established detailed territorial boundaries between Portuguese Brazil and the Spanish colonial territories to the south and west. Portugal also recognized Spain's claim to the Philippines while Spain acceded to the westward expansion of Brazil. The treaty included a mutual guarantee of support in case either state's American colonies were attacked by a third power. Soon after signing it, two commissions for demarcation were created. The Northern, chaired by the State Governor of Grão Pará and Maranhão, in the South headed on the Portuguese side by the Governor of Rio de Janeiro.

The Treaty of Madrid was significant because it substantially defined the modern boundaries of Brazil. However, the resistance of the Jesuits to surrendering their missions and the refusal of the Guaraní to be forcibly relocated led to the nullification of the treaty by the subsequent Treaty of El Pardo, signed by both countries in 1761. The opposition by the Guaraní led to the Guaraní War of 1756. There were frequent skirmishes in the Banda Oriental after the 1750 treaty. The terms of the Treaty of Madrid, with a few exceptions, were re established in the First Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777, and that treaty was again negated in 1801.