Премьер-министр Украины: история и современность

Head of government of Ukraine

The Prime Minister of Ukraine (Прем'єр міністр України, Premier ministr Ukrainy) is the head of government of Ukraine. The prime minister presides over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government. The position replaced the Soviet post of chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR, which was established on March 25, 1946. Since Ukrainian independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, there have been sixteen prime ministers, or twenty, counting acting prime ministers. Yulia Tymoshenko was the first woman appointed as prime minister in the history of Ukraine. Arseniy Yatsenyuk was the first prime minister who came from Western Ukraine. Two prime ministers were born in the Russian SFSR. The current prime minister is Denys Shmyhal, who was sworn in on 4 March 2020 following the resignation of Oleksiy Honcharuk.

The prime minister is appointed by the president with the consent of the Verkhovna Rada. The consent is deemed granted by the parliament when a simple majority of its constitutional membership votes in favour of the candidate nominated by the president. The highest parliamentary approval to date was received by Yulia Tymoshenko who was appointed the prime minister on February 4, 2005, with 373 votes in the Verkhovna Rada. Other prime ministers who received more than 300 votes were Arseniy Yatsenyuk (371), Yatsenyuk again in 2014 (341) Vitold Fokin (332), and Leonid Kuchma (316). The procedure of granting consent by the parliament is usually preceded by several days of comprehensive consultations and interviews of the candidate by the parliamentary factions. The approval by the legislature is not a mere formality. Some candidates were ratified by a narrow margin and a candidate may be turned down. For instance, in 1999, Valeriy Pustovoitenko fell three votes short of being re confirmed after he tendered his resignation at the second inauguration of President Leonid Kuchma in 1999. Kuchma chose Viktor Yushchenko as his alternative candidate. Another example is the approval of Yuriy Yekhanurov's candidacy (he fell three votes short of approval, but was confirmed on the second attempt two days later). After the constitutional amendment of late 2004 and its reinstance in 2014, the president was restricted in their choice of prime minister and was virtually obliged to nominate the person proposed by the parliamentary coalition. The only exception is when the candidate cannot be nominated due to the violation in nomination procedure or the candidate's incompliance with the requirements established by the Constitution and the Ukrainian laws for the prime minister. In this case, the president informs the parliament about the impossibility of submitting a nomination for the proposed candidacy. The prime minister, as with all members of executive branch, cannot be a member of parliament.

The prime minister heads Ukraine's executive branch of government, the Cabinet of Ministers, and signs decrees passed by the Cabinet. The prime minister has the authority to propose candidates for ministry offices to the Verkhovna Rada, with the exception of the minister of foreign affairs and the minister of defence, which are proposed by the president. The prime minister can also propose candidates for the heads of regional administrations to the president for consideration. In 2013, following a petition in Fokus magazine, the secretariat of the cabinet stated that the monthly salary of the prime minister was ₴33,980 (US$4,173.42), which is eleven times more than the average salary in the country. Prime ministers are frequently asked by individual citizens for help in solving their personal problems, sometimes successfully. In 2012, Prime Minister Azarov received dozens of personal pleas every day on his Facebook page.

The first vice prime minister, also known as the first deputy, heads the cabinet in the absence of the prime minister due to resignation or dismissal. Among the most notable First deputies were Yukhym Zvyahilsky and Mykola Azarov, who served as the acting prime minister for a longer period of time than anyone else. Valentyn Symonenko, Vasyl Durdynets, Oleksandr Turchynov, and others also served as acting prime minister. Apart from the first vice prime minister, there are also several other vice ministers who support the prime minister and may be in charge of one or more ministries. In 1991–1992 the office of the state minister was also introduced. Traditionally vice prime ministers are in charge of an area of general state government policy such as the agro industrial complex, humanitarian affairs, economic affairs, or regional policy. On certain occasions, those deputies may be given regular ministerial portfolios as well, as happened in the Azarov Government in 2010.

The prime minister, like other Cabinet members, may resign voluntarily by tendering their resignation to parliament (according to the Constitution of Ukraine, the prime minister can only be dismissed by parliamentary vote). Parliament must then consider the matter no later than the 10th day after the resignation application is received, if parliament was not in session at the time of resignation then no later than the first plenary week of the next regular session. A resignation by the prime minister results in the dismissal of the entire Cabinet. Prime ministers do not have a set term limit, staying in office for the duration of the parliament term, resignation, or dismissal. Before the constitutional reform of 2004, the prime minister was usually dismissed unilaterally by the president. After the reform, the prime minister can only be dismissed by the parliament. The Cabinets of prime ministers Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych were dismissed in this way, with the latter refusing to tender his resignation to the president claiming a violation of the one year period condition. The cabinet of Yuriy Yekhanurov had also been formally dismissed, but the parliamentary act was subsequently repealed.

Since Ukrainian independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, there have been 15 prime ministers Since Azarov was re appointed as prime minister on 13 December 2012, he has since broken Tymoshenko's record. Azarov resigned on 28 January 2014, due to public outcry and protests following the Euromaidan. He was succeeded up by Arseniy Yatsenyuk on 27 February 2014. but his resignation was declined by parliament on 31 July 2014 when only 16 (of the 450) MPs voted for his resignation.

N Date Prime Minister Origin Political Party Parliament votes % (of 450) 1 14 November 1990 Vitold Fokin Zaporizhzhia Oblast Independent 332 73.8 2 13 October 1992 Leonid Kuchma Chernihiv Oblast Independent 316 70.2 3 16 June 1994 Vitaliy Masol Chernihiv Oblast Independent 199 44.2 4 6 March 1995 Yevhen Marchuk Kirovohrad Oblast Social Democratic Party of Ukraine ? ?? ? ?? 5 28 May 1996 Pavlo Lazarenko Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Hromada ? ?? ? ?? 6 16 July 1997 Valeriy Pustovoitenko Mykolaiv Oblast People's Democratic Party 226 50.2 7 22 December 1999 Viktor Yushchenko Sumy Oblast Independent 296 65.8 8 29 May 2001 Anatoliy Kinakh Moldavian SSR Industrialists 239 53.1 9 21 November 2002 Viktor Yanukovych Donetsk Oblast Party of Regions 234 52.0 10 4 February 2005 Yulia Tymoshenko Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Batkivshchyna 373 82.9 11 22 September 2005 Yuri Yekhanurov Russian SFSR Our Ukraine 289 64.2 12 4 August 2006 Viktor Yanukovych Donetsk Oblast Party of Regions 271 60.2 13 18 December 2007 Yulia Tymoshenko Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Batkivshchyna 226 50.214 11 March 2010 Mykola Azarov Russian SFSR Party of Regions 242 53.8 13 December 2012 252 56.015 27 February 2014 Arseniy Yatsenyuk Chernivtsi Oblast Batkivshchyna 371 82.2 27 November 2014 People's Front 341 75.8 16 14 April 2016 Volodymyr Groysman Vinnytsia Oblast Petro Poroshenko Bloc 257 57.1 17 29 August 2019 Oleksiy Honcharuk Chernihiv Oblast Servant of the People 290 64.4 18 4 March 2020 Denys Shmyhal Lviv Oblast Independent 291 64.7