Введение
Беззвучный фрикативный фонем шведского языка
The sj sound (sj ljudet ) is a voiceless fricative phoneme found in the sound system of most dialects of Swedish. It has a variety of realisations, whose precise phonetic characterisation is a matter of debate, but which usually feature distinct labialization. The sound is represented in Swedish orthography by a number of spellings, including the digraph from which the common Swedish name for the sound is derived, as well as , , and (before front vowels) The sound should not be confused with the Swedish tj sound , often spelled , , or (before front vowels)
These sounds are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Association (IPA) describes them as "simultaneous and ", but this realization is not attested, and phoneticians doubt that such a realization actually occurs in any language. Other descriptive labels include:
Voiceless postalveolo velar fricative
Voiceless palatal velar fricative
Voiceless dorso palatal velar fricative
Voiceless postalveolar and velar fricative
Voiceless coarticulated velar and palatoalveolar fricative
The closest sound found in English, as well as many other languages, is the voiceless postalveolar fricative (Swedish words with the sound often correspond to English words with "sh", such as "shield", "shoot"), although usually the closest audible approximation is the voiceless labialized velar approximant found in some English dialects. Regionally, it varies from being more like in the standard speech, to being more like in northern Sweden and Finland. The tj sound (which often corresponds to English words with "ch", such as "chicken", "church") remains distinct, varying from more like (i. e., ) in the standard speech to more like in northern Sweden and Finland.
Звук sj (sj ljudet) — это беззвучный фрикативный фонем, встречающийся в звуковой системе большинства диалектов шведского языка. Он имеет множество реализаций, точная фонетическая характеристика которых является предметом споров, но которые обычно отличаются выраженной лабиализацией. Звук представлен в шведской орфографии рядом написаний, включая диграф, от которого происходит общее шведское название звука, а также , , и (перед передними гласными). Этот звук не следует путать со шведским звуком tj, часто записываемым , , или (перед передними гласными). Эти звуки транскрибируются в Международном фонетическом алфавите. Международная фонетическая ассоциация (МФА) описывает их как "одновременные и ", но эта реализация не подтверждена, и фонетики сомневаются, что такая реализация действительно встречается в каком-либо языке. Другие описательные обозначения включают:
The sj sound (sj ljudet ) is a voiceless fricative phoneme found in the sound system of most dialects of Swedish. It has a variety of realisations, whose precise phonetic characterisation is a matter of debate, but which usually feature distinct labialization. The sound is represented in Swedish orthography by a number of spellings, including the digraph from which the common Swedish name for the sound is derived, as well as , , and (before front vowels) The sound should not be confused with the Swedish tj sound , often spelled , , or (before front vowels)
These sounds are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Association (IPA) describes them as "simultaneous and ", but this realization is not attested, and phoneticians doubt that such a realization actually occurs in any language. Other descriptive labels include:
Voiceless postalveolo velar fricative
Voiceless palatal velar fricative
Voiceless dorso palatal velar fricative
Voiceless postalveolar and velar fricative
Voiceless coarticulated velar and palatoalveolar fricative
The closest sound found in English, as well as many other languages, is the voiceless postalveolar fricative (Swedish words with the sound often correspond to English words with "sh", such as "shield", "shoot"), although usually the closest audible approximation is the voiceless labialized velar approximant found in some English dialects. Regionally, it varies from being more like in the standard speech, to being more like in northern Sweden and Finland. The tj sound (which often corresponds to English words with "ch", such as "chicken", "church") remains distinct, varying from more like (i. e., ) in the standard speech to more like in northern Sweden and Finland.
Беззвучный поствеолярно-велярный фрикативный
Беззвучный палато-велярный фрикативный
Беззвучный дорсо-палатально-велярный фрикативный
Беззвучный поствеолярный и велярный фрикативный
Беззвучный коартикулированный велярный и палатоальвеолярный фрикативный
The sj sound (sj ljudet ) is a voiceless fricative phoneme found in the sound system of most dialects of Swedish. It has a variety of realisations, whose precise phonetic characterisation is a matter of debate, but which usually feature distinct labialization. The sound is represented in Swedish orthography by a number of spellings, including the digraph from which the common Swedish name for the sound is derived, as well as , , and (before front vowels) The sound should not be confused with the Swedish tj sound , often spelled , , or (before front vowels)
These sounds are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Association (IPA) describes them as "simultaneous and ", but this realization is not attested, and phoneticians doubt that such a realization actually occurs in any language. Other descriptive labels include:
Voiceless postalveolo velar fricative
Voiceless palatal velar fricative
Voiceless dorso palatal velar fricative
Voiceless postalveolar and velar fricative
Voiceless coarticulated velar and palatoalveolar fricative
The closest sound found in English, as well as many other languages, is the voiceless postalveolar fricative (Swedish words with the sound often correspond to English words with "sh", such as "shield", "shoot"), although usually the closest audible approximation is the voiceless labialized velar approximant found in some English dialects. Regionally, it varies from being more like in the standard speech, to being more like in northern Sweden and Finland. The tj sound (which often corresponds to English words with "ch", such as "chicken", "church") remains distinct, varying from more like (i. e., ) in the standard speech to more like in northern Sweden and Finland.
Ближайший звук, встречающийся в английском языке, а также во многих других языках, — это беззвучный поствеолярный фрикативный (шведские слова с этим звуком часто соответствуют английским словам с "sh", таким как "shield" – щит, "shoot" – стрелять), хотя обычно ближайшим слышимым приближением является беззвучный лабиализованный велярный аппроксимант, встречающийся в некоторых английских диалектах. В региональном плане он варьируется от большего сходства с в стандартной речи до большего сходства с в северной Швеции и Финляндии. Звук tj (который часто соответствует английским словам с "ch", таким как "chicken" – курица, "church" – церковь) остается отличным, варьируя от большего сходства с (т.е., ) в стандартной речи до большего сходства с в северной Швеции и Финляндии.
The sj sound (sj ljudet ) is a voiceless fricative phoneme found in the sound system of most dialects of Swedish. It has a variety of realisations, whose precise phonetic characterisation is a matter of debate, but which usually feature distinct labialization. The sound is represented in Swedish orthography by a number of spellings, including the digraph from which the common Swedish name for the sound is derived, as well as , , and (before front vowels) The sound should not be confused with the Swedish tj sound , often spelled , , or (before front vowels)
These sounds are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Association (IPA) describes them as "simultaneous and ", but this realization is not attested, and phoneticians doubt that such a realization actually occurs in any language. Other descriptive labels include:
Voiceless postalveolo velar fricative
Voiceless palatal velar fricative
Voiceless dorso palatal velar fricative
Voiceless postalveolar and velar fricative
Voiceless coarticulated velar and palatoalveolar fricative
The closest sound found in English, as well as many other languages, is the voiceless postalveolar fricative (Swedish words with the sound often correspond to English words with "sh", such as "shield", "shoot"), although usually the closest audible approximation is the voiceless labialized velar approximant found in some English dialects. Regionally, it varies from being more like in the standard speech, to being more like in northern Sweden and Finland. The tj sound (which often corresponds to English words with "ch", such as "chicken", "church") remains distinct, varying from more like (i. e., ) in the standard speech to more like in northern Sweden and Finland.
Кёльш
Также сообщается, что звук, транскрибированный как [символ], встречается в кельшском диалекте репуарского языка в Германии, произносится в позициях в словах, которые окружают стандартный немецкий. Акустическая разница между [символ] и кельшским [символ] трудно различима, но артикуляция отчетливо отличается. Некоторые исследователи предлагают использовать [символ] как более подходящий символ для этого звука, однако это не является общепринятой практикой и может потребовать дальнейших исследований.
The acoustic difference between and the Kölsch is difficult to perceive but the articulation is clearly distinct. suggest that is a better symbol for this sound, but this is not established practice, and may need further research.
Гималайские языки
Звук, транскрибируемый с помощью [символ], также отмечается в начале и середине слова в языке вутун, где он описан как дорсо-палатальный/велярный скользящий согласный. Этот символ также используется при описании звука в языке бахинг в Непале.