Самаринда: Столица Восточного Калимантана и крупнейший город на Борнео
Samarinda
Самаринда, Индонезия: столица Восточного Калимантана на Борнео. Крупный город, экспортёр, с развитой инфраструктурой и высоким уровнем жизни. Население 861 тыс. чел.
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Содержание
Введение
Город и столица Восточного Калимантана, Индонезия
City and capital of East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Самаринда — столица индонезийской провинции Восточный Калимантан на острове Борнео. Город расположен на берегу реки Махакам. В 2022 году Самаринда вошла в десятку самых комфортных для жизни городов Индонезии, занимает первое место в Индексе развития человеческого потенциала Восточного Калимантана и является самым густонаселенным городом на всем острове Борнео: по данным переписи 2010 года население составляло 727 500 человек, по переписи 2020 года — 827 994 человека; по официальной оценке на середину 2023 года — 861 878 человек. Самаринда является крупнейшим экспортером и пятым по величине импортером Восточного Калимантана. В городе находится наибольшее количество штаб-квартир банков в Восточном Калимантане. В 2021 году порт Самаринды стал самым загруженным пассажирским портом Восточного Калимантана. Контейнерный порт Самаринды также является самым загруженным в Восточном Калимантане, обработав в 2019 году более [укажите количество, отсутствующее в оригинале]. Самаринда известна своей традиционной кухней, в частности, амплангом, а также тканями сарунг самаринда. По состоянию на 2021 год в городе насчитывается 3 моста, соединяющих берега реки: мост Махакам, мост Джамбатан Махакам Улу и мост Джамбатан Ахмад Аминьс. Центр города расположен с одной стороны реки, а противоположная сторона называется Самаринда Себеранг.
Samarinda is the capital city of the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. The city lies on the banks of the Mahakam River with a land area of Samarinda was one of Indonesia's top ten Most Liveable Cities in 2022, ranks first on East Kalimantan Human Development Index and it is the most populous city on the entire Borneo island, with a population of 727,500 at the 2010 Census and 827,994 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 861,878. Samarinda is East Kalimantan's largest exporter and fifth largest importer. The city has the highest number of bank headquarters in East Kalimantan. In 2021, Samarinda Harbour became the busiest passenger port in East Kalimantan. The container port in Samarinda is also the busiest in East Kalimantan, handled more than in 2019. Samarinda is known for its traditional food amplang, as well as the cloth sarung samarinda. As of 2021, the city has 3 bridges connecting its river banks: Mahakam Bridge, Jembatan Mahakam Ulu, and Jembatan Achmad Amins. The city center is on one side and the other side is named Samarinda Seberang.
Этимология
Название Самаринды происходит от описания способа постройки домов бугисцев. В то время дома обычно возводили на плотах и, как правило, имели одинаковую высоту. Это создавало важный социальный символ равенства между жителями: ни один дом, и, следовательно, ни один человек, не воспринимался как выше или ниже другого. Они назвали это поселение “Самаренда”, что означает “одинаково низкий”. После столетий использования произношение названия немного изменилось, и город стал известен как Самаринда.
The name Samarinda originates from the description of the way in which the Bugis houses were constructed. At that time houses were customarily built on a raft and generally had the same height. This provided important social symbolism of equality between residents; no person's house, and thus no person, was seen as higher or lower than another. They named the settlement “Samarenda”, meaning “equally low”. After hundreds of years of use the pronunciation of the name changed slightly and the city became known as Samarinda.
История
В начале войны Гова голландцы под командованием адмирала Спильмана атаковали Макассар с моря. Тем временем союзник Нидерландов, бугийский вождь Арунг Палакка, возглавил наземное наступление. Королевство Гова было вынуждено сдаться, и султан Хасануддин подписал Бонгаджайский договор 19 ноября 1667 года. Однако этот договор не решил всех проблем голландцев, поскольку буги из Говы продолжали борьбу, используя партизанскую тактику. Некоторые бугийцы переселились на соседние острова, такие как Калимантан. Несколько тысяч человек во главе с Ламохангом Даэнгом Мангконой, также известным как Пуа Адо I, перебрались в Восточный Калимантан, тогда известный как Кутай, где их радушно встретил местный султан. В 1942 году Самаринда был небольшим, тихим городком с несколькими небольшими нефтяными месторождениями поблизости. После падения Голландской Ост-Индии город был оккупирован японцами. В 1955 году в городе был учрежден Апостольский викариат Самаринды. В 1961 году он был преобразован в диоцез Самаринды. В 2003 году диоцез получил статус митрополичьей архиепископии Самаринды. В таблице представлены данные переписи населения 2020 года и официальные оценки на середину 2023 года. Также указано количество административных деревень (все классифицированы как городские *келураханы*) в каждом районе и их почтовые индексы.
At the start of the Gowa War, the Dutch under Admiral Speelman's command attacked Makassar from the sea. Meanwhile, the Netherlands' Bugis ally Arung Palakka led a ground attack. The Kingdom of Gowa was forced to surrender and Sultan Hasanuddin was made to sign the Treaty of Bongaja on 19 November 1667. The treaty did not quell all trouble for the Dutch however, since the Bugis from Gowa continued their struggle using guerilla tactics. Some Buginese moved to other islands close by such as Kalimantan. A few thousand people led by Lamohang Daeng Mangkona or Pua Ado I, moved to East Kalimantan, known then as Kutai, where they were welcomed by the local Sultan. Samarinda was a small, sleepy town in 1942 with several small oil fields in the vicinity. It was occupied by the Japanese after the Dutch East Indies had fallen. In 1955, the Apostolic Vicariate of Samarinda was established in the city. In 1961, it was promoted as the Diocese of Samarinda. In 2003, the diocese was promoted as the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Samarinda. and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the number of administrative villages in each district (all classed as urban kelurahan) and their post codes. Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Areain km2 Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023No. ofkelurahanPostcodes 64.72.01 Palaran 221.2949,07963,18966,912575241 75253 64.72.04 Samarinda Ilir (Lower Samarinda) 17.18120,93669,14269,766575114 75117 64.72.09 Samarinda Kota (Samarinda town) 11.12(a)31,71932,37957511 75113,75117, 75121 64.72.07 Sambutan 100.95(a)57,94162,429575114, 75115 64.72.02 Samarinda Seberang 12.49114,18364,05065,796675131 75133 64.72.10 Loa Janan Ilir 26.13(b)65,89269,396575131 64.72.06 Sungai Kunjang (Kunjang River) 43.04114,044133,543139,320775125 75127 64.72.03 Samarinda Ulu (Upper Samarinda) 22.12126,651129,806133,331875122 75128 64.72.05 Samarinda Utara (North Samarinda) 229.52202,607106,743112,076875117 75119 64.72.08 Sungai Pinang (Pinang River) 34.16(c)105,970110,473576117 76119 Totals 718.00727,500827,994861,87859
Notes: (a) the 2010 populations of Samarinda Kota and Sambutan Districts are included in the 2010 figure for Samarinda Ilir District, from which they were later split off. (b) the 2010 population of Loa Janan Ilir District is included in the figure for Samarinda Seberang District, from which it was later split off. (c) the 2010 population of Sungai Pinang District is included in the figure for Samarinda Utara District, from which it was later split off.
At the start of the Gowa War, the Dutch under Admiral Speelman's command attacked Makassar from the sea. Meanwhile, the Netherlands' Bugis ally Arung Palakka led a ground attack. The Kingdom of Gowa was forced to surrender and Sultan Hasanuddin was made to sign the Treaty of Bongaja on 19 November 1667. The treaty did not quell all trouble for the Dutch however, since the Bugis from Gowa continued their struggle using guerilla tactics. Some Buginese moved to other islands close by such as Kalimantan. A few thousand people led by Lamohang Daeng Mangkona or Pua Ado I, moved to East Kalimantan, known then as Kutai, where they were welcomed by the local Sultan. Samarinda was a small, sleepy town in 1942 with several small oil fields in the vicinity. It was occupied by the Japanese after the Dutch East Indies had fallen. In 1955, the Apostolic Vicariate of Samarinda was established in the city. In 1961, it was promoted as the Diocese of Samarinda. In 2003, the diocese was promoted as the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Samarinda. and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the number of administrative villages in each district (all classed as urban kelurahan) and their post codes. Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Areain km2 Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023No. ofkelurahanPostcodes 64.72.01 Palaran 221.2949,07963,18966,912575241 75253 64.72.04 Samarinda Ilir (Lower Samarinda) 17.18120,93669,14269,766575114 75117 64.72.09 Samarinda Kota (Samarinda town) 11.12(a)31,71932,37957511 75113,75117, 75121 64.72.07 Sambutan 100.95(a)57,94162,429575114, 75115 64.72.02 Samarinda Seberang 12.49114,18364,05065,796675131 75133 64.72.10 Loa Janan Ilir 26.13(b)65,89269,396575131 64.72.06 Sungai Kunjang (Kunjang River) 43.04114,044133,543139,320775125 75127 64.72.03 Samarinda Ulu (Upper Samarinda) 22.12126,651129,806133,331875122 75128 64.72.05 Samarinda Utara (North Samarinda) 229.52202,607106,743112,076875117 75119 64.72.08 Sungai Pinang (Pinang River) 34.16(c)105,970110,473576117 76119 Totals 718.00727,500827,994861,87859
Notes: (a) the 2010 populations of Samarinda Kota and Sambutan Districts are included in the 2010 figure for Samarinda Ilir District, from which they were later split off. (b) the 2010 population of Loa Janan Ilir District is included in the figure for Samarinda Seberang District, from which it was later split off. (c) the 2010 population of Sungai Pinang District is included in the figure for Samarinda Utara District, from which it was later split off.
Примечания: (a) Население округов Самаринда Кота и Самбутан в 2010 году включено в общую цифру для округа Самаринда Илир, из которого они были впоследствии выделены. (b) Население округа Лоа Джанан Илир в 2010 году включено в цифру для округа Самаринда Себеранг, из которого он был впоследствии выделен. (c) Население округа Сунгай Пинанг в 2010 году включено в цифру для округа Самаринда Утара, из которого он был впоследствии выделен.
At the start of the Gowa War, the Dutch under Admiral Speelman's command attacked Makassar from the sea. Meanwhile, the Netherlands' Bugis ally Arung Palakka led a ground attack. The Kingdom of Gowa was forced to surrender and Sultan Hasanuddin was made to sign the Treaty of Bongaja on 19 November 1667. The treaty did not quell all trouble for the Dutch however, since the Bugis from Gowa continued their struggle using guerilla tactics. Some Buginese moved to other islands close by such as Kalimantan. A few thousand people led by Lamohang Daeng Mangkona or Pua Ado I, moved to East Kalimantan, known then as Kutai, where they were welcomed by the local Sultan. Samarinda was a small, sleepy town in 1942 with several small oil fields in the vicinity. It was occupied by the Japanese after the Dutch East Indies had fallen. In 1955, the Apostolic Vicariate of Samarinda was established in the city. In 1961, it was promoted as the Diocese of Samarinda. In 2003, the diocese was promoted as the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Samarinda. and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the number of administrative villages in each district (all classed as urban kelurahan) and their post codes. Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Areain km2 Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2023No. ofkelurahanPostcodes 64.72.01 Palaran 221.2949,07963,18966,912575241 75253 64.72.04 Samarinda Ilir (Lower Samarinda) 17.18120,93669,14269,766575114 75117 64.72.09 Samarinda Kota (Samarinda town) 11.12(a)31,71932,37957511 75113,75117, 75121 64.72.07 Sambutan 100.95(a)57,94162,429575114, 75115 64.72.02 Samarinda Seberang 12.49114,18364,05065,796675131 75133 64.72.10 Loa Janan Ilir 26.13(b)65,89269,396575131 64.72.06 Sungai Kunjang (Kunjang River) 43.04114,044133,543139,320775125 75127 64.72.03 Samarinda Ulu (Upper Samarinda) 22.12126,651129,806133,331875122 75128 64.72.05 Samarinda Utara (North Samarinda) 229.52202,607106,743112,076875117 75119 64.72.08 Sungai Pinang (Pinang River) 34.16(c)105,970110,473576117 76119 Totals 718.00727,500827,994861,87859
Notes: (a) the 2010 populations of Samarinda Kota and Sambutan Districts are included in the 2010 figure for Samarinda Ilir District, from which they were later split off. (b) the 2010 population of Loa Janan Ilir District is included in the figure for Samarinda Seberang District, from which it was later split off. (c) the 2010 population of Sungai Pinang District is included in the figure for Samarinda Utara District, from which it was later split off.
Климат
В Самаринде тропический дождевой климат (Köppen Af) с обильными осадками и жаркой, изнуряюще влажной температурой на протяжении всего года. Град – крайне редкое явление, зарегистрированное 21 ноября 2019 года. Самая низкая зарегистрированная температура в Самаринде была в октябре 1982 года, а самая высокая – 8 февраля 2008 года.
Samarinda has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af) with heavy rainfall and hot, oppressively humid temperatures year round. Hail is extremely rare, it was recorded on 21 November 2019. The lowest recorded temperature in Samarinda is in October 1982, while the highest recorded is on 8 February 2008.