Полиция Капитолия США: Охрана Конгресса и его членов

Police agency protecting the U. S. Congress

the federal police force associated with the U. S. Congress
2. Congressional buildings, parks, and thoroughfares. Members of Congress, Officers of Congress, and their families throughout the United States, its territories and possessions. | governingbody = Capitol Police Board
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| constitution1 = United States Code, Title 2, Chapter 29
| police = Yes
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| headquarters = 119 D Street, NEWashington, D. C., U. S. 20510
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| sworntype = Police Officer / Special Agent (for specialized members)
| sworn = 1,879 It is informally considered as the sister agency of the United States Secret Service, which itself is responsible for the protection of the United States President and their Cabinet.

In the early 1980s, the protective mandates and jurisdictions of the U. S. Capitol Police were substantially expanded to allow them to protect legislators away from their normal jurisdictions in response to the growing risk and threats faced by legislators and the growing institutionalization of Congress. U. S. Code, Title 2, Chapter 29 defines the powers and duties of the U. S. Capitol Police. The U. S. Capitol Police has the authority to enforce the laws of the United States in any area of the United States and has the power to effect warrantless arrests for any offense against the United States committed in their presence, or for any felony cognizable under the laws of the United States upon probable cause, in the performance of their protective duties. Qualified members of the U. S. Capitol Police may also travel outside of the United States when performing security advisory and liaison functions for congressional travel. The primary jurisdiction of the United States Capitol Police centers on the United States Capitol building in Washington, D. C., the adjacent congressional (House and Senate) offices, and the Library of Congress buildings. This primary jurisdiction is about , with about being the Capitol grounds themselves. The U. S. Capitol Police has also concurrent jurisdiction with the District of Columbia's Metropolitan Police Department (MPD), the U. S. Park Police, the U. S. Secret Service Uniformed Division, and others federal agencies to enforce District of Columbia laws, based upon cooperative agreements with MPD and the Police Coordination Act covering local cooperation with 32 federal law enforcement agencies. The U. S. Capitol Police also have extended jurisdiction over parts of Northeast, Northwest, and Southwest Washington D. C. The USCP provides protection detail to House and Senate leaders, other congressmen and women depending on individual risk analysis, lawmakers' state and district offices (with the help of local police), and "off campus" events such as presidential nominating conventions. The authority of the Police Chief is, in many ways, restrained. The Capitol Police chief reports to the Capitol Police Board, a three person group composed of the Senate and House Sergeants at Arms and the Architect of the Capitol. The chief is “whipsawed between partisan politicians and career professionals like the two Sergeants at Arms and congressional staff here they literally have hundreds of people who think they're their bosses." The pay for the USCP Chief is far less than many police chiefs in the US.

U. S. Capitol Police officers attend training at the Capitol Police Training Academy in Cheltenham, Maryland and is one of many agencies that sends its recruits to the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC), located in Glynco, Georgia, for initial training. Rarely, recruits are sent to the FLETC location in Artesia, New Mexico. Following 12 weeks at FLETC, recruits return to FLETC's location in Cheltenham, for an additional 13 weeks of training. After the recruits' academy training, graduates are sworn in as law enforcement officers and assigned to one of four divisions to begin their careers. Once assigned, officers are assigned a Field Training Officer (FTO) for a definite period to provide additional on the job training. FTO's provide weekly updates on the subjects that have been learned and issue tests to the new officers. Officers are also subject to a one year probationary period. Initial salary at the start of training is $73,852.00, with an increase to $77,543.00 after graduation. After 30 months of satisfactory performance, officers are eligible for promotion to private first class (PFC). USCP Officers and Special Agents are covered under the Federal Law Enforcement Officer (LEO) enhanced retirement provisions under the Civil Service Retirement (CSRS), which covers federal employees hired before 1984, or the Federal Employees' Retirement System (FERS), which covers employees hired in 1984 or later. Similar to other Federal LEOs covered under those enhanced retirement provisions (e. g., DEA, FBI, U. S. Marshals, U. S. Secret Service, ICE, Border Patrol), USCP officers and special agents are subject to mandatory retirement at age 57, or as soon as 20 years of service have been completed after age 57.

The U. S. Capitol Police is organized into Bureaus and Offices that report to each of the Executive Team Members. USCP contains several specialty units and assignments offering expert training. These specialty units are within the Uniformed Services Bureau, the Protective Services Bureau, the Operational Services Bureau, and the Mission Assurance Bureau:

Pursuant to 2 U. S. C. §1901, the U. S. Capitol Police is headed by a Chief who is appointed and reports to the Capitol Police Board following a highly selective process. J. Thomas Manger was sworn in as Chief of the U. S. Capitol Police on July 23, 2021. Previously, Yogananda Pittman served as the Acting Chief of Police and concurrently as the Assistant Chief of Police for Protective and Intelligence Operations from January 8, 2021, until Chief Manger was sworn in. and today consists of three voting members: the Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives, the Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate, and the Architect of the Capitol. Additionally, the chief of the Capitol Police serves ex officio as a non voting member. The chairmanship of the board alternates annually between the House and Senate Sergeants at Arms.

The history of the United States Capitol Police dates back to 1801 when Congress moved from the city of Philadelphia to the newly constructed Capitol Building in Washington, D. C. At the time, Congress appointed one watchman to protect the building and Congressional property. The police were formally created by Congress in 1828 following the assault on John Adams II, the son of John Quincy Adams, in the Capitol rotunda. The United States Capitol Police had as its original duty the provision of security for the United States Capitol. Its mission has expanded to provide the congressional community and its visitors with a variety of security services. These services are provided through the use of a variety of specialty support units, a network of foot and vehicular patrols, fixed posts, a full time Containment and Emergency Response Team (CERT), K 9, a Patrol/Mobile Response Division and a full time Hazardous Devices and Hazardous Materials Sections. In 1979, the Capitol Police got a separate chief of police; the role had previously been filled by officers of the Metropolitan Police Department. In 2005 Congress established the United States Capitol Police (USCP) Office of Inspector General (OIG) as a legislative agency. The Inspector General heads OIG, supervises and conducts audits, inspections, and investigations involving USCP programs, functions, systems, and operations, and reports directly to the Capitol Police Board. The Library of Congress Police were merged into the force in 2009. Prior to 2021, four Capitol police officers had died in the line of duty.

On July 24, 1998, a shooting occurred at a security checkpoint inside the Capitol, killing one U. S. Capitol police officer. Another Capitol police officer was killed when the assailant entered Majority Whip Tom DeLay's (R TX 22) office.

Since 2001, more than 250 Black officers have sued the Capitol Police over allegations of racism. After the 2021 storming of the Capitol by a pro Trump mob, several Capitol police were suspended for possible complicity with the insurrectionists. Even though Washington, D. C. is 46% Black, only 32.5% of the Capitol Police is. This is in contrast to the Metropolitan Police Department (for D. C.), which is 52% Black.)

At a rally in Washington on January 6, 2021, Trump's lawyer Rudy Giuliani called for "trial by combat". Trump encouraged his supporters to "peacefully demonstrate because we are the party of law and order" and then later "fight like hell" and "take back our country", and asked his supporters to march to the US Capitol. Eventually the building was easily stormed with little resistance. Congress was in session at the time, conducting the Electoral College vote count and debating the results of the vote. The rioters breached barricades erected by Capitol Police around the Capitol. Ultimately, one unarmed woman, Ashli Babbitt, was fatally shot by a USCP officer when she attempted to climb through a shattered window in a barricaded door, and three other rioters died in medical emergencies. One USCP police officer was also injured during the attack, with another officer who responded to the attack dying off duty days later. More than fifty USCP and MPD officers were injured during the attack, and several USCP officers were hospitalized with serious injuries. The ineffectiveness of Capitol Police's response to the rioting was harshly criticized, as was the contrast between it and the aggressive response of federal law enforcement to the George Floyd protests in the summer of 2020. Law enforcement was urged "to avoid the type of show of force that had inflamed tense situations in the city last year." Two other officers were also suspended in January 2021. Six Capitol Police officers were suspended and 29 more were being investigated in February 2021. Assistant Chief Yogananda Pittman was named Acting Chief of Capitol Police following the attack. She was the first woman and first African American to lead the agency. Pittman served in an acting capacity until July 22, 2021, when she was replaced by J. Thomas Manger.

On April 2, 2021, a suspect identified as Noah Green used a car to hit two Capitol Police Officers and then hit a barricade. Officer William "Billy" Evans died and the other officer was hospitalized. Officers shot and killed the suspect. The Capitol was locked down. Green said on social media that he believed he was a victim of "mind control".

The agency is led by an "Executive Team" with the Chief of Police at the head, who is supported by an Assistant Chief of Police for Uniformed Operations, and a Chief Administrative Officer. There are about 18 bureaus and offices, Due to threats and other security measures in the wake of the 2021 United States Capitol attack, the agency announced plans to open field offices in California and Florida on July 6. Congress has enabled joint oversight of the Capitol Police Board and given the Chief of the Capitol Police emergency powers to request national guard or other federal assistance in cases of civil disturbance.