2-Бутоксиэтанол: Свойства, применение и безопасность

Chemical compound
chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477212899
| Name = 2 Butoxyethanol
| ImageFile = 2 butoxyethanol structure. svg
| ImageSize = 220
| ImageName = 2 Butoxyethanol
| ImageFile1 = 2 Butoxyethanol 3D spacefill. png
| ImageSize1 = 220
| ImageAlt1 = 2 Butoxyethanol molecule
| PIN = 2 Butoxyethanol
| OtherNames = 2 ButoxyethanolButyl cellosolveButyl glycolButyl monoether glycolEGBE (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether)Dowanol EBEastman EB solvent 2 BE EGMBE Butyl oxitolEktasolve EB Jeffersol EB
| Section1 =
| Section2 = Chembox Properties
|C=6 | H=14 | O=2
|Appearance = Clear, colorless liquid
|Density = 0.90 g/cm3, liquid
|Solubility = Miscible (and in most organic solvents)
|MeltingPtC = 77
|BoilingPtC = 171
|pKa = High pKa for −OH group
|Viscosity = 2.9 cP at
|VaporPressure = 0.8 mmHg
|Dipole = 2.08 D
|ExploLimits = 1.1–12.7%
|LD50 = 1230 mg/kg (mouse, oral)470 mg/kg (rat, oral)300 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)1200 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)1480 mg/kg (rat, oral) and can be acutely toxic, but animal studies did not find it to be mutagenic, and no studies suggest it is a human carcinogen. A study of 13 classroom air contaminants conducted in Portugal reported a statistically significant association with increased rates of nasal obstruction and a positive association below the level of statistical significance with a higher risk of obese asthma and increased child BMI.

2 Butoxyethanol is commonly produced for the oil industry because of its surfactant properties. In the petroleum industry, 2 butoxyethanol is a component of fracturing fluids, drilling stabilizers, and oil slick dispersants for both water based and oil based hydraulic fracturing. The compound is also used to facilitate the release of the gas by preventing congealing. which was widely used in the aftermath of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Laboratory tests by the U. S. National Toxicology Program have shown that only sustained exposure to high concentrations (100–500 ppm) of 2 butoxyethanol can cause adrenal tumors in animals. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) reports that 2 butoxyethanol is carcinogenic in rodents. These rodent tests may not directly translate to carcinogenicity in humans, as the observed mechanism of cancer involves the rodents' forestomach, which humans lack. OSHA does not regulate 2 butoxyethanol as a carcinogen. 2 Butoxyethanol has not been shown to penetrate shale rock in a study conducted by Manz.

2 Butoxyethanol can be disposed of by incineration. It was shown that disposal occurs faster in the presence of semiconductor particles. It has not been identified as a major environmental contaminant, nor is it known to bio accumulate. 2 Butoxyethanol biodegrades in soils and water, with a half life of 1–4 weeks in aquatic environments. 2 Butoxyethanol and its metabolites fall to undetectable levels in urine after about 30 hours in men. 2 Butoxyethanol is metabolized in mammals by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. Neurological effects have also been observed in animals exposed to 2 butoxyethanol. Fischer 344 rats exposed to 2 butoxyethanol at concentrations of 523 ppm and 867 ppm experienced decreased coordination. Male rabbits showed a loss of coordination and equilibrium after exposure to 400 ppm of 2 butoxyethanol for two days. When exposed to 2 butoxyethanol in drinking water, both F344/N rats and B63F1 mice showed negative effects. The range of exposure for the two species was between 70 mg/kg body weight per day to 1300 mg/kg body weight per day. Decreased body weight and water consumption were seen for both species. Rats had reduced red blood cell counts and thymus weights, as well as lesions in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Under these regulations, products containing 2 butoxyethanol are to be diluted below a certain concentration. Only those in which the user performs the required dilution are required to include it on labelling information.

2 Butoxyethanol is listed in California as a hazardous substance and the state sets an 8 hour average airborne concentration exposure limit at 25 ppm, and in California employers are required to inform employees when they are working with it. It is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as "an indirect and direct food additive for use as an antimicrobial agent, defoamer, stabilizer and component of adhesives", After its deletion from a UN list of substances requiring special toxicity labeling in 1994, and a subsequent petition by the American Chemistry Council, 2 butoxyethanol was removed from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's list of hazardous air pollutants in 2004. The safety of products containing 2 butoxyethanol as normally used is defended by the industry trade groups the American Chemistry Council and the Soap and Detergent Association.