Минамото но Ёсииэ (1039-1106) – самурай, полководец эпохи Хэйан, лидер клана Кавачи Гэндзи. Герой войн против Абе и Киёхара, образец воинской доблести.
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Содержание
Введение
Вождь Кавачи Гендзи (1039–1106)
Leader of the Kawachi Genji (1039–1106)
Минамото но Ёсииэ (源 義家; 1039 – 4 августа 1106), также известный как Хатимантаро (八幡太郎) и его титул «Самый доблестный воин в стране» (天下第一武勇之士), был самураем клана Минамото конца периода Хэйан и чиндзюфу сёгуном (главным командующим обороны Севера). Первый сын Минамото-но Ёриёси, он проявил себя в битвах с кланом Абэ в войне Дзэнкунэн (Первая Девятилетняя война) и с кланом Киёхара в войне Госаннэн (Поздняя Трёхлетняя война). Впоследствии он стал образцом самурайского мастерства и храбрости. Оэ-но Масафуса был его учителем военного искусства. Он был лидером Кавачи Гендзи третьего поколения. В легендах считается сыном или воплощением Хачимана. После смерти Ёсииэ был возведён в статус ками, переименован в Хатимантаро, что означает «сын Хачимана», синтоистского бога войны, и стал для клана Минамото их божественным прародителем-покровителем. Ёсииэ также был прапрапраправнуком принца Садасуми, сына императора Сэйва, побочной линии.
Minamoto no Yoshiie (源 義家; 1039 – 4 August 1106), also known as Hachimantarō (八幡太郎) and his title Most Valorous Warrior in the Land (天下第一武勇之士), was a Minamoto clan samurai of the late Heian period, and Chinjufu shōgun (Commander in chief of the defense of the North). The first son of Minamoto no Yoriyoshi, he proved himself in battle with the Abe clan in the Zenkunen War (Former Nine Years' War) and the Kiyohara clan in the Gosannen War (Later Three Years' War). Subsequently, he became something of a paragon of samurai skill and bravery. Oe no Masafusa was his teacher for the art of war. He was the third generation leader of the Kawachi Genji. In legends he is thought to be the son or avatar of Hachiman. After his death, Yoshiie was elevated to Kami status, renamed “Hachimantaro”, lit. “son of Hachiman”, the Shinto god of war, and was made by the Minamoto clan into their Patron Ancestral Kami. Yoshiie was also a great great great grandson of Prince Sadasumi, a son of Emperor Seiwa, through a junior line.
Война Зенкунен
В 1050 году Абэ-но Ёритоки занял пост чинджуфу сёгуна, как это делал клан Абэ на протяжении многих поколений. Однако фактически Ёритоки командовал всем регионом, лишая официального губернатора реальной власти. В результате отец Ёшии был назначен и чинджуфу сёгуном, и губернатором, и Ёшии отправился с ним на север для урегулирования ситуации. Кампания против клана Абэ продолжалась двенадцать лет. Ёшии сражался вместе со своим отцом почти во всех битвах, включая битву при Кавасаки и осаду Куриягавы. Абэ-но Ёритоки умер в 1057 году, но его сын Абэ-но Садато принял командование войсками отца. Однако в 1062 году Ёшии победил и убил Садато, завершив войну годом позже. В начале 1063 года Ёшии вернулся в Киото с головами Абэ-но Садато и нескольких других. Благодаря своим выдающимся боевым заслугам он получил прозвище Хатиман-таро, что означало «сын Хатимана», бога войны. В следующем году Ёшии взял нескольких плененных последователей Абэ в качестве своих слуг.
In 1050, Abe no Yoritoki wave the post of Chinjufu shōgun, as the Abe clan had for many generations. Effectively, however, Yoritoki commanded the entire region, denying the official Governor any true power. As a result, Yoshiie's father was appointed both chinjufu shōgun and governor, and Yoshiie traveled north with him to resolve the situation. The campaign against the Abe clan lasted twelve years. Yoshiie fought alongside his father in almost every battle, including the Battle of Kawasaki and the Siege of Kuriyagawa. Abe no Yoritoki died in 1057, but his son Abe no Sadato took up command of his father's forces. But in 1062, Yoshiie defeated and kill Sadato, winning the war a year later. Yoshiie returned to Kyoto in early 1063 with the heads of Abe no Sadato and a number of others. As a result of his dramatic prowess in battle, he earned the name Hachiman taro, referring to him as the "son of Hachiman", the god of war. The following year, Yoshiie took several followers of the Abe, who he had taken as captives, as attendants.
Последующая трехлетняя война
Более чем через двадцать лет Йошие стал главным военачальником в другом важном конфликте эпохи Хэйан. Начиная с 1083 года, он воевал с кланом Киёхара, который ранее сражался на его стороне и на стороне его отца против Абэ, но впоследствии проявил себя как неэффективные правители северных провинций. В 1083 году Йошие был назначен губернатором провинции Муцу и, без приказа императорского двора, взял на себя задачу восстановить мир и порядок в регионе. Серия споров между Киёхара-но Масахирой, Киёхара-но Нарихирой и Киёхара-но Иехирой за лидерство в клане вылилась в насилие. Последовала серия битв и стычек между войсками Йошие и различными фракциями Киёхара. Кульминация наступила в 1087 году у укрепления Канадзава. Йошие вместе со своим младшим братом Минамото-но Ёсимицу и Фудзивара-но Киёхирой атаковал позиции, удерживаемые Киёхара-но Иехирой и его дядей Киёхара-но Такахирой. После многих месяцев безуспешных попыток и стычек укрепление было подожжено, и Такахира и Иехира погибли. Войска Минамото также понесли значительные потери. Однако говорят, что Йошие был особенно талантливым военачальником, поддерживал боевой дух и сохранял дисциплину среди воинов.
Over twenty years later, Yoshiie was the chief commander in another important conflict of the Heian period. Beginning in 1083, he battled the Kiyohara family, who had fought alongside him and his father against the Abe, but who had since proven themselves poor rulers of the northern provinces. Named Governor of Mutsu province in 1083, Yoshiie took it upon himself, without orders from the Imperial Court, to bring some peace and order to the region. A series of disputes between Kiyohara no Masahira, Kiyohara no Narihira, and Kiyohara no Iehira over leadership of the clan had turned to violence. There emerged a series of battles and skirmishes between Yoshiie's forces and those of the various Kiyohara sub factions. Everything came to a head in 1087, at the Kanazawa stockade. Yoshiie, along with his younger brother, Minamoto no Yoshimitsu and Fujiwara no Kiyohira, assaulted the position held by Kiyohara no Iehira and his uncle Kiyohara no Takahira. After many months of failed starts and skirmishes, the stockade was set aflame, and both Takahira and Iehira were killed. The Minamoto forces suffered great losses as well. But it is said that Yoshiie was an especially skilled leader, keeping morale up and preserving a degree of discipline among the warriors.
Поздние годы
Он и его младший брат Минамото но Ёсицуна служили телохранителями императора Сиракава, составляя отряд Хокумэн-но Буси. В 1098 году он был приглашен во Императорский дворец, что считалось большой честью в то время. В 1106 году сын Ёсиэ, Ёситика, выразил недовольство правительством и поднял восстание, которое было подавлено генералом Тайра Масамори, отцом Тайра но Тадамори. В том же году он скончался. Несмотря на раннюю смерть, Ёсиэ запомнился многим как умелый воин и уважаемый предводитель. Его почитали как покровителя воинов, и на протяжении веков после его смерти он воспевался в японской литературе и фольклоре. Ёсиэ "стал известен современникам как величайший воин". Император Госиракава составил "РёДзин Хисё", сборник рассказов и стихов, широко известных в ту эпоху. В одном из стихотворений сборника говорится: "В глубоких горах, где обитают все птицы, живет клан Минамото. Среди них Хатимантаро – самый грозный". Это стихотворение свидетельствует о том, что Минамото но Ёсиэ внушал особый страх клану Гэндзи из-за своей жестокости и силы.
He and his younger brother Minamoto no Yoshitsuna were imperial guards for Emperor Shirakawa forming the Hokumen no Bushi. At 1098 he was invited to the Imperial Palace which was a high honor at the time. In 1106, Yoshiie’s son Yoshichika disapproved the government and started a revolt which was put down in by Taira general Masamori, father of Taira no Tadamori. That same year he died. Despite his early death, Yoshiie was remembered by many as a skilled warrior and a respected leader. He was revered as a patron saint of the warrior class and was celebrated in Japanese literature and folklore for centuries after his death. Yoshiie "would go on to be admired by his contemporaries as the greatest warrior." Emperor Goshirakawa compiled the Ryojin Hishō, a collection of short stories and poems that were well known during his time. One poem in the collection says: “In the deep mountains where all the birds live, there lives the Minamoto clan. Of all of them, Hachimantarō is the most formidable.” This poem is proof that Minamoto no Yoshiie was especially feared among the Genji clan because of his brutal demeanor and strength.
Наследие
Как поется в "РёДзин Хисё", Хатимантаро – или Минамото но Ёсиэ – был известен своими исключительными воинскими навыками и высоко ценился как герой эпохи Хэйан. Многие выдающиеся личности, от Минамото-но-Ёритомо до Токугава Иэясу, считали Ёсиэ образцом идеального военачальника. Асикага Такаудзи, первый и основатель сёгуната Асикага, считал Ёсиэ "всемирно известным" военачальником и почитал его как такового. Токугава Иэясу, родившийся как Мацудайра Такэчиё, позже изменил своё имя на Иэясу, поскольку оно содержало иероглиф, общий с именем Ёсиэ (имена Иэясу и Ёсиэ содержат общий иероглиф 家). Некоторые также полагают, что он мог заявить о происхождении от клана Минамото из-за огромного уважения, которое питал к Ёсиэ. Отношения между Ёсиэ и его вассалами, особенно во время Поздней Трёхлетней войны, стали основой принципа "верности и вознаграждения", который получил распространение в сёгунате Камакура во времена Минамото-но-Ёритомо. Например, вассалы самурая клялись в верности своему господину, а самурай лично вознаграждал их за эту верность. Это позволило клану Кавачи Гэндзи легко завоевать лояльность самураев низшего ранга, не требуя напрямую власти, сопоставимой с властью Императорского двора. Внедряя и передавая принцип "верности и вознаграждения", наследие Минамото-но Ёсиэ как идеального военачальника продолжало жить в последующих поколениях клана Минамото. Ёсиэ запечатлен в японской истории как один из самых блестящих воинов. Современники называли его "Самураем величайшей храбрости под небесами". Он был храбр в бою, а также известен как талантливый поэт и вдохновляющий лидер. По мере приближения к концу эпохи Хэйан, когда стабильность, характерная для этого периода японской истории, становилась всё более хрупкой, императорский двор часто призывал Ёсиэ и его воинов Минамото для подавления мятежников и усмирения непокорных регионов страны. Частично благодаря успехам Ёсиэ в течение его карьеры клан Минамото утвердился как один из самых влиятельных военных кланов в стране, что позволило ему в конечном итоге захватить политическую власть у императора и двора в Киото, или тех, кто ими управлял, и установить сёгунат в Камакуре, всего через сто лет, в 1192 году, под руководством Минамото Ёритомо. Однако, несмотря на его достижения как воина и полководца, он в основном запомнился событиями, которые в значительной степени являются апокрифическими, приукрашенными со временем, чтобы ещё больше подчеркнуть его и без того впечатляющую репутацию: эпизод у источника Юхаджино но Идзуми ("Источник, открытый ударом лука"), импровизированный поэтический поединок на лошадях между Ёсиэ и его врагом Абэ Садато во время погони, и толкование беспорядочного поведения стаи птиц, позволившее раскрыть засаду во время битвы при Каназаве.
As sung in the Ryōjin Hishō, Hachimantarō — or Minamoto no Yoshiie — was known for his exceptional skills as a warrior and was highly regarded as a hero of the Heian period. By other countless famous figures from Minamoto no Yoritomo to Tokugawa Ieyasu, Yoshiie was considered to be the model of an ideal military commander. Ashikaga Takauji, the first and founding shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate, had reportedly considered Yoshiie to be of a “world renowned” military commander and revered him as such. Tokugawa Ieyasu, born Matsudaira Takechiyo, had later changed his name to Ieyasu for the reason being it shared a kanji character with Yoshiie’s name (both Ieyasu and Yoshiie’s names share the kanji character 家). Some also say he may have claimed Minamoto lineage due to how high of a regard he held Yoshiie. The relationship between Yoshiie and his vassals, particularly during the Later Three Year War, developed into the basic principle of “loyalty and reward” that rose to prevalence in the Kamakura shogunate, during Minamoto no Yoritomo’s time. For example, a samurai’s vassals would promise their loyalty to the samurai, whilst the samurai would personally reward them for their loyalty. This allowed the Kawachi Genji to easily gain the loyalty of lower level samurais without directly requiring authority comparable to that of the Imperial Court. By implementing and passing down the “loyalty and reward” principle, Minamoto no Yoshiie’s legacy as the ideal military commander continued to live on through the later generations of the Minamoto clan. Yoshiie is noted in Japanese history as one of its most brilliant warriors. Nobles of the day referred to him as "The Samurai of The Greatest Bravery Under Heaven." Courageous in battle, he is also remembered as an accomplished poet and a motivating leader. As the Heian period drew to a close, and the stability that had marked this phase of Japanese history became increasingly fractured and strained, the imperial court frequently called Yoshiie and his Minamoto warriors into service to subdue rebels and quiet unruly segments of the country. It was partially based on the gains made by Yoshiie during his career that the Minamoto clan established themselves as one of the pre eminent military clans in the realm, positioning themselves for the ultimate wresting of political power from the emperor and the court in Kyoto, or those who controlled it, and the establishment of the shōgunate in Kamakura, barely a hundred years later, in 1192, under Minamoto Yoritomo. Yet, despite his accomplishments as a warrior and general, he is largely remembered for events that are largely apocryphal in nature, embellished over time to give an even deeper luster to his undeniably impressive record: the episode at Yuhajino no Izumi ("The Spring Revealed by the Strike of a Bow"), an impromptu poetry competition held on horseback between Yoshiie and his enemy Abe Sadato during a chase, and an interpretation of the erratic behavior of a flock of birds to uncover an ambush during the Battle of Kanazawa "
Легенды
В жаркий день весны 1057 года, Минамото но Ёсии (1039–1106), которому едва исполнилось шестнадцать лет, вел свои войска в битву против Абэ Садато. Лишь несколько месяцев назад Ёсии присоединился к отцу в его усилиях по покорению клана Абэ и уже заслужил репутацию свирепого воина, получив прозвище Хатиман Таро Ёсии, или «Ёсии, первый сын Хатимана (бога войны)». В этот день солдаты в доспехах страдали от изнуряющей жары. Не находя источника воды поблизости, Ёсии, молясь Каннон (богине милосердия), выстрелил в воздух стрелой. Проследив за стрелой до места падения, Ёсии своим луком выкопал землю, открыв неизвестный родник. Освежившись и набравшись сил от воды из этого божественного источника, Ёсии и его войска одержали крупную победу над Абэ.
"On a hot day in the spring of 1057, Minamoto no Yoshiie (1039 1106), then barely sixteen years old, was leading his troops into a battle against Abe Sadato. Yoshiie had only months before joined his fathers forces in their efforts to subdue the Abe clan and had already established his reputation as a ferocious warrior, garnering him the sobriquet Hachiman Taro Yoshiie, or "Yoshiie, first son of Hachiman (the God of War)." On this particular day, the troops in their armor were suffering from the oppressive heat. With no immediate water source in sight, Yoshiie, praying to Kannon (the Goddess of Mercy), shot an arrow into the air. Tracing the arrow to where it landed, Yoshiie used his bow to dig into the earth, releasing an unknown spring of water. Refreshed and strengthened by the waters from this divine spring, Yoshiie and his forces went on to win a major victory over the Abe. The Tenkoumaru is a Japanese sword (particularly, a long bladed tachi) that is said to have been made during the Heian period. It is designated as a National Treasure of Japan and is preserved in the Tsuboi Hachimangu Shrine in Hakibino, Osaka Prefecture. It is also at times referred to as the “Blade of Tenkoumaru”. It is a blade forged by the swordsmith Yasutsuna from the Hōki Province, who was active during the Heian period; the same swordsmith well known for forging the famous Doujigiri Yasutsuna. According to the picture scroll “Kawachi Meisho Zue”, Tenkoumaru is said to be a “sister sword” of Doujigiri, meaning that the two blades were forged from the same iron. The origin of the Tenkoumaru is described in volume four of the archive “History of Hakibino City”. The archive describes a former owner of the Tenkoumaru, who lost the sword whilst escaping to the foot of Mount Kongo. After several years of searching, the sword was never found until another man had discovered the Tenkoumaru buried beneath the mountain soil after having witnessed a “shining light from beneath the soil”. Through unknown means, the Tenkoumaru eventually ended up in the possession of Minamoto no Mitsunaka, who passed the sword down to his son, Minamoto no Yorinobu, with it again being passed down to Minamoto no Yoshiie as one of the treasured swords of the Minamoto clan. On October 14, 1935, the Tenkoumaru was designated as a National Treasure of Japan. The length of the blade itself is 76.8 cm, the degree of curvature is about 2.5 cm, and the tang (part of the blade where the hilt would be affixed) is 20 cm. He was gifted the swords Higekiri and Hizamaru the Seiwa Genji heirlooms. Genta ga Ubukinu is a suit of armour that is said to have been used and extensively passed down the Minamoto clan. It is also sometimes written or known as “Genta ga Ubuginu”, “Kuwantaka Ubuginu”, “Armour of Guwatsuta”, and “Armour of Maruta”. It is said that Minamoto no Yoriyoshi, who served Koichijo in faithfully, had witnessed the birth of his son Minamoto no Yoshiie and was notably overjoyed at his birth, eventually passing the armour down to him. It is said that the deities Amaterasu and Hachiman were depicted on the chest plate, and wisteria flowers were displayed on its sleeves. During the Heiji Rebellion, Minamoto no Yoritomo donned the Genta ga Ubukinu. At the time, he was around twelve years old. The daughter of Abe no Sadato was a woman named Hanahime who was known to be a stubborn, beautiful woman who excelled in martial arts and wanted to end the war as soon as possible. When Minamoto no Yoriyoshi became the Governor of Mutsu Province, the Abe clan held a grand feast to celebrate Yoriyoshi’s promotion, which is where Hanahime met Yoshiie and eventually formed a close relationship with him. Yoshiie and Hanahime’s relationship later reached a point where they regularly sent letters to each other, and Hanahime once received a letter from Yoshiie saying, “I will welcome you to the capital as my wife”, but their relationship was sadly torn apart due to the Former Nine Years’ War. After the Abe family was defeated, Hanahime and Yoshiie fled to Dewa and traversed the Ishikari mountain range. Hanahime set up camp on one of the mountains near a river, and with the help of monks and soldiers, she fought against the Abe clan alongside the Minamoto, but her struggle was futile and she was eventually overpowered. Hanahime threw herself off the cliff in the Mibuchi Valley, committing suicide, as she refused to surrender herself. The handmaids who had accompanied Hanahime followed suit and also threw themselves into the valley, and all of the remaining soldiers were killed in battle after that she became a dragon god.
Тенкомару – японский меч (в особенности, тати с длинным клинком), который, по преданию, был изготовлен в период Хэйан. Он признан национальным сокровищем Японии и хранится в святилище Цубои Хатимангу в Хакибино, префектура Осака. Его также иногда называют «Клинком Тенкомару». Это лезвие, выкованное мечом-кузнецом Ясуцуной из провинции Хоки, который был активен в период Хэйан; тот же самый кузнец, известный изготовлением знаменитого Додзигири Ясуцуны. Согласно иллюстрированному свитку «Кавачи Мэйсё Дзуэ», Тенкомару считается «сестринским мечом» Додзигири, то есть оба клинка были выкованы из одной и той же стали. Происхождение Тенкомару описано в четвертом томе архива «История города Хакибино». В архиве описывается бывший владелец Тенкомару, который потерял меч, спасаясь к подножию горы Конго. После нескольких лет поисков меч так и не был найден, пока другой человек не обнаружил Тенкомару, зарытым в горной почве, увидев «сияющий свет из-под земли». Неизвестным образом Тенкомару в конечном итоге попал во владение Минамото но Мицунаки, который передал меч своему сыну Минамото но Ёринобу, а затем снова Минамото но Ёсии, как один из ценнейших мечей клана Минамото. 14 октября 1935 года Тенкомару был объявлен национальным сокровищем Японии. Длина самого клинка составляет 76,8 см, кривизна – около 2,5 см, а хвостовик (часть клинка, к которой крепится рукоять) – 20 см. Ему были подарены мечи Хигэкири и Хизамару – фамильные реликвии Сеива Гэндзи.
"On a hot day in the spring of 1057, Minamoto no Yoshiie (1039 1106), then barely sixteen years old, was leading his troops into a battle against Abe Sadato. Yoshiie had only months before joined his fathers forces in their efforts to subdue the Abe clan and had already established his reputation as a ferocious warrior, garnering him the sobriquet Hachiman Taro Yoshiie, or "Yoshiie, first son of Hachiman (the God of War)." On this particular day, the troops in their armor were suffering from the oppressive heat. With no immediate water source in sight, Yoshiie, praying to Kannon (the Goddess of Mercy), shot an arrow into the air. Tracing the arrow to where it landed, Yoshiie used his bow to dig into the earth, releasing an unknown spring of water. Refreshed and strengthened by the waters from this divine spring, Yoshiie and his forces went on to win a major victory over the Abe. The Tenkoumaru is a Japanese sword (particularly, a long bladed tachi) that is said to have been made during the Heian period. It is designated as a National Treasure of Japan and is preserved in the Tsuboi Hachimangu Shrine in Hakibino, Osaka Prefecture. It is also at times referred to as the “Blade of Tenkoumaru”. It is a blade forged by the swordsmith Yasutsuna from the Hōki Province, who was active during the Heian period; the same swordsmith well known for forging the famous Doujigiri Yasutsuna. According to the picture scroll “Kawachi Meisho Zue”, Tenkoumaru is said to be a “sister sword” of Doujigiri, meaning that the two blades were forged from the same iron. The origin of the Tenkoumaru is described in volume four of the archive “History of Hakibino City”. The archive describes a former owner of the Tenkoumaru, who lost the sword whilst escaping to the foot of Mount Kongo. After several years of searching, the sword was never found until another man had discovered the Tenkoumaru buried beneath the mountain soil after having witnessed a “shining light from beneath the soil”. Through unknown means, the Tenkoumaru eventually ended up in the possession of Minamoto no Mitsunaka, who passed the sword down to his son, Minamoto no Yorinobu, with it again being passed down to Minamoto no Yoshiie as one of the treasured swords of the Minamoto clan. On October 14, 1935, the Tenkoumaru was designated as a National Treasure of Japan. The length of the blade itself is 76.8 cm, the degree of curvature is about 2.5 cm, and the tang (part of the blade where the hilt would be affixed) is 20 cm. He was gifted the swords Higekiri and Hizamaru the Seiwa Genji heirlooms. Genta ga Ubukinu is a suit of armour that is said to have been used and extensively passed down the Minamoto clan. It is also sometimes written or known as “Genta ga Ubuginu”, “Kuwantaka Ubuginu”, “Armour of Guwatsuta”, and “Armour of Maruta”. It is said that Minamoto no Yoriyoshi, who served Koichijo in faithfully, had witnessed the birth of his son Minamoto no Yoshiie and was notably overjoyed at his birth, eventually passing the armour down to him. It is said that the deities Amaterasu and Hachiman were depicted on the chest plate, and wisteria flowers were displayed on its sleeves. During the Heiji Rebellion, Minamoto no Yoritomo donned the Genta ga Ubukinu. At the time, he was around twelve years old. The daughter of Abe no Sadato was a woman named Hanahime who was known to be a stubborn, beautiful woman who excelled in martial arts and wanted to end the war as soon as possible. When Minamoto no Yoriyoshi became the Governor of Mutsu Province, the Abe clan held a grand feast to celebrate Yoriyoshi’s promotion, which is where Hanahime met Yoshiie and eventually formed a close relationship with him. Yoshiie and Hanahime’s relationship later reached a point where they regularly sent letters to each other, and Hanahime once received a letter from Yoshiie saying, “I will welcome you to the capital as my wife”, but their relationship was sadly torn apart due to the Former Nine Years’ War. After the Abe family was defeated, Hanahime and Yoshiie fled to Dewa and traversed the Ishikari mountain range. Hanahime set up camp on one of the mountains near a river, and with the help of monks and soldiers, she fought against the Abe clan alongside the Minamoto, but her struggle was futile and she was eventually overpowered. Hanahime threw herself off the cliff in the Mibuchi Valley, committing suicide, as she refused to surrender herself. The handmaids who had accompanied Hanahime followed suit and also threw themselves into the valley, and all of the remaining soldiers were killed in battle after that she became a dragon god.
Genta ga Ubukinu – это доспех, который, по преданию, использовался и передавался из поколения в поколение в клане Минамото. Его также иногда пишут или называют Genta ga Ubuginu, Kuwantaka Ubuginu, «Доспех Гувацута» и «Доспех Марута». Говорят, что Минамото но Ёриюси, верно служивший Коичидзё, был свидетелем рождения своего сына Минамото но Ёсии и был чрезвычайно рад этому событию, в конечном итоге передав доспех ему. По преданию, на нагруднике были изображены боги Аматэрасу и Хатиман, а на рукавах – цветки глицинии. Во время восстания Хэйдзи Минамото но Ёритомо надел Genta ga Ubukinu. В то время ему было около двенадцати лет.
"On a hot day in the spring of 1057, Minamoto no Yoshiie (1039 1106), then barely sixteen years old, was leading his troops into a battle against Abe Sadato. Yoshiie had only months before joined his fathers forces in their efforts to subdue the Abe clan and had already established his reputation as a ferocious warrior, garnering him the sobriquet Hachiman Taro Yoshiie, or "Yoshiie, first son of Hachiman (the God of War)." On this particular day, the troops in their armor were suffering from the oppressive heat. With no immediate water source in sight, Yoshiie, praying to Kannon (the Goddess of Mercy), shot an arrow into the air. Tracing the arrow to where it landed, Yoshiie used his bow to dig into the earth, releasing an unknown spring of water. Refreshed and strengthened by the waters from this divine spring, Yoshiie and his forces went on to win a major victory over the Abe. The Tenkoumaru is a Japanese sword (particularly, a long bladed tachi) that is said to have been made during the Heian period. It is designated as a National Treasure of Japan and is preserved in the Tsuboi Hachimangu Shrine in Hakibino, Osaka Prefecture. It is also at times referred to as the “Blade of Tenkoumaru”. It is a blade forged by the swordsmith Yasutsuna from the Hōki Province, who was active during the Heian period; the same swordsmith well known for forging the famous Doujigiri Yasutsuna. According to the picture scroll “Kawachi Meisho Zue”, Tenkoumaru is said to be a “sister sword” of Doujigiri, meaning that the two blades were forged from the same iron. The origin of the Tenkoumaru is described in volume four of the archive “History of Hakibino City”. The archive describes a former owner of the Tenkoumaru, who lost the sword whilst escaping to the foot of Mount Kongo. After several years of searching, the sword was never found until another man had discovered the Tenkoumaru buried beneath the mountain soil after having witnessed a “shining light from beneath the soil”. Through unknown means, the Tenkoumaru eventually ended up in the possession of Minamoto no Mitsunaka, who passed the sword down to his son, Minamoto no Yorinobu, with it again being passed down to Minamoto no Yoshiie as one of the treasured swords of the Minamoto clan. On October 14, 1935, the Tenkoumaru was designated as a National Treasure of Japan. The length of the blade itself is 76.8 cm, the degree of curvature is about 2.5 cm, and the tang (part of the blade where the hilt would be affixed) is 20 cm. He was gifted the swords Higekiri and Hizamaru the Seiwa Genji heirlooms. Genta ga Ubukinu is a suit of armour that is said to have been used and extensively passed down the Minamoto clan. It is also sometimes written or known as “Genta ga Ubuginu”, “Kuwantaka Ubuginu”, “Armour of Guwatsuta”, and “Armour of Maruta”. It is said that Minamoto no Yoriyoshi, who served Koichijo in faithfully, had witnessed the birth of his son Minamoto no Yoshiie and was notably overjoyed at his birth, eventually passing the armour down to him. It is said that the deities Amaterasu and Hachiman were depicted on the chest plate, and wisteria flowers were displayed on its sleeves. During the Heiji Rebellion, Minamoto no Yoritomo donned the Genta ga Ubukinu. At the time, he was around twelve years old. The daughter of Abe no Sadato was a woman named Hanahime who was known to be a stubborn, beautiful woman who excelled in martial arts and wanted to end the war as soon as possible. When Minamoto no Yoriyoshi became the Governor of Mutsu Province, the Abe clan held a grand feast to celebrate Yoriyoshi’s promotion, which is where Hanahime met Yoshiie and eventually formed a close relationship with him. Yoshiie and Hanahime’s relationship later reached a point where they regularly sent letters to each other, and Hanahime once received a letter from Yoshiie saying, “I will welcome you to the capital as my wife”, but their relationship was sadly torn apart due to the Former Nine Years’ War. After the Abe family was defeated, Hanahime and Yoshiie fled to Dewa and traversed the Ishikari mountain range. Hanahime set up camp on one of the mountains near a river, and with the help of monks and soldiers, she fought against the Abe clan alongside the Minamoto, but her struggle was futile and she was eventually overpowered. Hanahime threw herself off the cliff in the Mibuchi Valley, committing suicide, as she refused to surrender herself. The handmaids who had accompanied Hanahime followed suit and also threw themselves into the valley, and all of the remaining soldiers were killed in battle after that she became a dragon god.
Дочь Абэ Садато, Ханахимэ, была известна как упрямая, красивая женщина, превосходно владевшая боевыми искусствами и стремившаяся как можно скорее положить конец войне. Когда Минамото но Ёриюси стал губернатором провинции Муцу, клан Абэ устроил грандиозный пир в честь повышения Ёриюси, где Ханахимэ встретила Ёсии и впоследствии установила с ним близкие отношения. Отношения Ёсии и Ханахимэ достигли того, что они регулярно переписывались, и однажды Ханахимэ получила письмо от Ёсии, в котором он писал: «Я рад буду принять тебя в столице в качестве своей жены», но их отношения были трагически разорваны из-за Девятилетней войны. После поражения семьи Абэ Ханахимэ и Ёсии бежали в Дэва и пересекли горный хребет Исикари. Ханахимэ разбила лагерь на одной из гор возле реки и с помощью монахов и воинов сражалась против клана Абэ на стороне Минамото, но её борьба была тщетной, и в конечном итоге она была побеждена. Ханахимэ бросилась со скалы в долине Мибучи, покончив с собой, отказавшись сдаваться. Служанки, сопровождавшие Ханахимэ, последовали её примеру и также бросились в долину, а все оставшиеся солдаты были убиты в бою, после чего она стала богом-драконом.
"On a hot day in the spring of 1057, Minamoto no Yoshiie (1039 1106), then barely sixteen years old, was leading his troops into a battle against Abe Sadato. Yoshiie had only months before joined his fathers forces in their efforts to subdue the Abe clan and had already established his reputation as a ferocious warrior, garnering him the sobriquet Hachiman Taro Yoshiie, or "Yoshiie, first son of Hachiman (the God of War)." On this particular day, the troops in their armor were suffering from the oppressive heat. With no immediate water source in sight, Yoshiie, praying to Kannon (the Goddess of Mercy), shot an arrow into the air. Tracing the arrow to where it landed, Yoshiie used his bow to dig into the earth, releasing an unknown spring of water. Refreshed and strengthened by the waters from this divine spring, Yoshiie and his forces went on to win a major victory over the Abe. The Tenkoumaru is a Japanese sword (particularly, a long bladed tachi) that is said to have been made during the Heian period. It is designated as a National Treasure of Japan and is preserved in the Tsuboi Hachimangu Shrine in Hakibino, Osaka Prefecture. It is also at times referred to as the “Blade of Tenkoumaru”. It is a blade forged by the swordsmith Yasutsuna from the Hōki Province, who was active during the Heian period; the same swordsmith well known for forging the famous Doujigiri Yasutsuna. According to the picture scroll “Kawachi Meisho Zue”, Tenkoumaru is said to be a “sister sword” of Doujigiri, meaning that the two blades were forged from the same iron. The origin of the Tenkoumaru is described in volume four of the archive “History of Hakibino City”. The archive describes a former owner of the Tenkoumaru, who lost the sword whilst escaping to the foot of Mount Kongo. After several years of searching, the sword was never found until another man had discovered the Tenkoumaru buried beneath the mountain soil after having witnessed a “shining light from beneath the soil”. Through unknown means, the Tenkoumaru eventually ended up in the possession of Minamoto no Mitsunaka, who passed the sword down to his son, Minamoto no Yorinobu, with it again being passed down to Minamoto no Yoshiie as one of the treasured swords of the Minamoto clan. On October 14, 1935, the Tenkoumaru was designated as a National Treasure of Japan. The length of the blade itself is 76.8 cm, the degree of curvature is about 2.5 cm, and the tang (part of the blade where the hilt would be affixed) is 20 cm. He was gifted the swords Higekiri and Hizamaru the Seiwa Genji heirlooms. Genta ga Ubukinu is a suit of armour that is said to have been used and extensively passed down the Minamoto clan. It is also sometimes written or known as “Genta ga Ubuginu”, “Kuwantaka Ubuginu”, “Armour of Guwatsuta”, and “Armour of Maruta”. It is said that Minamoto no Yoriyoshi, who served Koichijo in faithfully, had witnessed the birth of his son Minamoto no Yoshiie and was notably overjoyed at his birth, eventually passing the armour down to him. It is said that the deities Amaterasu and Hachiman were depicted on the chest plate, and wisteria flowers were displayed on its sleeves. During the Heiji Rebellion, Minamoto no Yoritomo donned the Genta ga Ubukinu. At the time, he was around twelve years old. The daughter of Abe no Sadato was a woman named Hanahime who was known to be a stubborn, beautiful woman who excelled in martial arts and wanted to end the war as soon as possible. When Minamoto no Yoriyoshi became the Governor of Mutsu Province, the Abe clan held a grand feast to celebrate Yoriyoshi’s promotion, which is where Hanahime met Yoshiie and eventually formed a close relationship with him. Yoshiie and Hanahime’s relationship later reached a point where they regularly sent letters to each other, and Hanahime once received a letter from Yoshiie saying, “I will welcome you to the capital as my wife”, but their relationship was sadly torn apart due to the Former Nine Years’ War. After the Abe family was defeated, Hanahime and Yoshiie fled to Dewa and traversed the Ishikari mountain range. Hanahime set up camp on one of the mountains near a river, and with the help of monks and soldiers, she fought against the Abe clan alongside the Minamoto, but her struggle was futile and she was eventually overpowered. Hanahime threw herself off the cliff in the Mibuchi Valley, committing suicide, as she refused to surrender herself. The handmaids who had accompanied Hanahime followed suit and also threw themselves into the valley, and all of the remaining soldiers were killed in battle after that she became a dragon god.