Сен-Лоран: История и развитие района Монреаля

Saint Laurent (sɛ̃ lɔʁɑ̃) is a borough of the city of Montreal, Canada, located in the northern part of the island. Although it is no longer an independent city, it is still commonly known as Ville Saint Laurent (City of Saint Laurent) or by its initials, VSL. Saint Laurent is the largest of Montreal's boroughs by land area. Its population was 98,828 inhabitants in 2016.

The history of Saint Laurent begins in the end of the 17th century with the settling of the lands given by Maisonneuve, first governor of Montreal, then by the Sulpicians, lords of Montreal's island, to Jean Descarie. His three sons were the first to settle on the lands of Cote Saint Laurent in 1687. After the signing of the Great Peace of Montreal in 1701, 19 other settlers joined them and built a chapel the next year.

On September 20, 1720, Saint Laurent was founded as the Parish of Saint Laurent. On March 3, 1722, its territory was defined, it then had 29 scattered dwellings. On August 10, 1735, a new church was erected next to the intersection of Montée Saint Laurent (future Sainte Croix boulevard) and Chemin de la Côte Vertu. Its central location in the parish, halfway between the Côte Saint Laurent and the Côte Notre Dame, facilitating access, will become the heart of a village. Indeed, it was along Montée Saint Laurent, the axis linking Ville Marie to the North Shore, that the first businesses developed, notably inns and blacksmiths to serve travellers. By 1740, all the lands administered by the Sulpicians were granted to settlers. 162 families lived there in 1765. After the cession of New France to Great Britain, Saint Laurent experienced no population exodus and Scottish families joined the French Canadians. In 1825, the parish was the most populated on the Island of Montreal outside of those of the city of Montreal. It was then an agricultural village, market gardening being the specialty of the place. In 1837, the church of Saint Laurent, damaged by lightning in 1806, was rebuilt. On May 15 of the same year, Louis Joseph Papineau made one of the most important speeches of his career there in front of his supporters gathered on the square. The growth of the village began with the arrival of the Fathers of Sainte Croix religious congregation in 1847. They built their Canadian headquarters around the church and then, in 1852, an educational establishment: the Industrial Academy. The prestigious reputation of this bilingual school, which took the name of Collège de Saint Laurent, would make that of the village. In 1885, the arrival of the Grand Trunk Railway between Saint Laurent and Montreal attracted new industries complementing the exploitation of quarries which had been the main industry since 1860.

On February 27, 1893, the urbanized center of the parish obtained the status of city. There were then 225 houses for 1,225 inhabitants. During the 20th century, the parish was successively amputated of several territories, which would become the Town of Mount Royal, Cartierville, as well as part of Dorval. The city of Saint Laurent and the parish of Saint Laurent will coexist until 1954 and the complete annexation of the latter. In 1896, the Montreal Park and Island Railway Company tramway reached Saint Laurent along the Grande Allée de Florence (current Decarie Boulevard). The same year, at the instigation of the mayor and promoter Édouard Gohier, the city adopted an urban plan which grouped together the sectors of activity following the City Beautiful model. To attract Montreal families to the countryside, the establishment of certain polluting industries (slaughterhouses, distilleries, gasworks) was prohibited and the municipal territory was divided into deep plots bordered by wide tree lined streets. The city was modernized with the arrival of electric lighting in 1900 and a complete aqueduct system the following year. A town hall, which also served as a fire station, was built in 1912 on the site of the current Vieux Saint Laurent library. Ten years later, an hospital opened its doors. On October 21, 1918, the Deux Montagnes line of the Canadian Northern Railway, the first electrified railway line in Canada, directly linked Saint Laurent to downtown Montreal. Three stations were built on the municipal territory: Vertu (renamed Montpellier), Monkland and Lazard (renamed Val Royal then Bois Franc), the terminus. In 1911, an aerodrome, the Bois Franc Field, was built west of the city. It became Cartierville airport. The aeronautical industry settled there in 1935 with the small factory of Noorduyn Aviation, joined in 1942 by that of Vickers which would become Canadair. It experienced considerable growth during World War II. Tens of thousands of workers took part in the war effort and a first residential suburb, the Norvick district (contraction of Noorduyn vickers), was built on the model of garden cities to house some of them nearby. After the war, Saint Laurent experienced an unprecedented economic and demographic boom. While agriculture was gradually disappearing, the expanse of land available in the immediate vicinity of Dorval airport and the metropolitan and Décarie highways favored industrial development to such an extent that Saint Laurent became the second industrial city in Quebec, behind Montreal. Alongside the factories, new suburbs structured for cars were developing to the north and west of the historic centre. The reconstruction, in 1957, of the Town Hall on new land to the west testifies to the displacement of the center of gravity of the city. In 1968, the college became the Cégep de Saint Laurent. Two years later, an English speaking public college opened its doors: Vanier College. In addition to bungalows, the 1960s and 1970s saw the construction of large modernist housing developments on the outskirts of the city. Streetcars ceased to serve Saint Laurent at the end of 1959 and were replaced by buses. On January 9, 1984, the metro replaced them with the opening of the Du Collège station. A second station, Côte Vertu, opened at the end of 1986. Two more were then planned but did not see the light of day following the budgetary restrictions of the 1990s. In the last decade of the 20th century, urban planning continued with projects inspired by new urbanism that gave pride of place to green spaces and bodies of water. An industrial park, Technoparc Montréal, was inaugurated in 1992 with the aim of attracting high tech companies. Today, the Technoparc is Canada's first science park. It is managed by the City of Montreal and brings together more than a hundred companies in the aeronautics, life sciences, pharmaceuticals and technology sectors. In March 1988, the town hall launched a vast housing construction project: the New Saint Laurent. The same year, the Bombardier group took advantage of the closure of Cartierville airport, which it owned, to propose its conversion into a residential area. Construction of the Bois Franc district officially began on August 6, 1993, but sales being slower than expected, a golf course was built on unsold land in June 2002. The golf closed in November 2011 and construction resumed.

The City of Saint Laurent or Ville Saint Laurent was merged into the city of Montreal on January 1, 2002, by the Parti Québécois government. On June 20, 2004, the demerger forces lost a referendum on the issue of recreating Saint Laurent as a city. While 75% of the turnout voted to demerge, this only represented 28.5% of the total eligible voting population, falling short of the requisite 35% as set by the province. The construction of the Reseau Express Metropolitan will add five light rail stations to the borough in 2023, three of which will replace existing commuter train stations.

Saint Laurent is one of Montreal's outer boroughs located in the north central part of the island. It's bordered by Pierrefonds Roxboro to the west, Ahuntsic Cartierville to the north and east, and Côte des Neiges and the Town of Mount Royal to the south. Saint Laurent is home to many parks including the Bois de Liesse Nature Park. Notable neighbourhoods include Bois Franc, Vieux Saint Laurent and Norgate.

Saint Laurent is the second largest employment hub within the metropolitan region, after downtown Montréal. Air Canada Centre, also known as La Rondelle ("The Puck" in French), is Air Canada's headquarters, located on the grounds of Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport and in Saint Laurent. In 1990 the airline announced that it was moving its headquarters from Downtown Montreal to the airport to cut costs. In addition Air Transat's headquarters and a regional office of Air Canada Jazz are in Saint Laurent and on the grounds of Trudeau Airport. Before its dissolution Jetsgo was headquartered in Saint Laurent. Bombardier Aerospace has the Amphibious Aircraft Division in Saint Laurent. Norgate Shopping Centre (a strip mall) is the oldest shopping centre in Canada. It was built in Saint Laurent in 1949, is still operational, and was refurbished in the 2010s. From 1974 to 1979, General Motors Diesel Division buses were built in a plant in Saint Laurent. Decarie Hot Dog (; founded 1969) is a greasy spoon diner counter restaurant and landmark located in Saint Laurent.

Federally the entire borough corresponds exactly to the federal riding of Saint Laurent.

Saint Laurent has three fire stations and two police stations, one municipal court building, two libraries, the former City Hall (now the borough hall). There are two indoor hockey arenas, the municipal Raymond Bourque Arena, named after Raymond Bourque a former NHL player and Hockey Hall of Fame member and a Multipurpose Sports Complex. There is also the commercial Bonaventure's Arena which has rinks available for rent.

Saint Laurent is served by two metro stations, Du Collège and Côte Vertu, the latter of which also serves as a major bus terminus. There are plans to extend the metro's Orange line to the Bois Franc REM station with a station at Poirier. Three light metro stations from the Réseau express métropolitain, Bois Franc, Du Ruisseau and Montpellier, are also located in Saint Laurent. Autoroutes include Autoroute 15 (Décarie Expressway), Autoroute 40 (Trans Canada), Autoroute 520, and Autoroute 13, and a secondary highway (Route 117). in addition to major urban boulevards (Marcel Laurin Boulevard, Henri Bourassa Boulevard, Cavendish Boulevard, Côte Vertu Boulevard, Decarie Boulevard, Thimens Boulevard). The former Cartierville Airport is no more, having been turned into a residential subdivision called Bois Franc. Part of Trudeau International Airport also lies within the territory of Saint Laurent.

Saint Laurent contains two CÉGEPs within its limits, one English (Vanier College) and one French (Cégep de Saint Laurent). An art museum, the Saint Laurent Museum of Art, is located on the campus of Cégep de Saint Laurent, along with an indoor college hockey rink. Formerly, there was also a bowling alley on the campus. The Commission scolaire Marguerite Bourgeoys (CSMB) operates Francophone public schools.

St. Laurent Adult Education Centre
Trans Canada Driving School Saint Laurent Courses Class 1, 2, 3, 5. For Auto, Bus and Heavy Trucks for over 25 years on Decarie Boulevard.

The Montreal Public Libraries Network operates the Vieux Saint Laurent Branch and the Du Boisé Branch in Saint Laurent.