Введение
Чжан Цзячжэнь (張嘉貞; 666 – 19 сентября 729), формально маркиз Гунсу Хэдунский (河東恭肅侯), был китайским военачальником и политиком. Он служил чиновником при династии Чжоу У Цзэтянь и занимал должность канцлера во время правления императора Сюаньцзуна Тан. В период правления императора Сюаньцзуна он также был военачальником. Он был известен своими способностями, но также и своей надменностью во время пребывания в должности канцлера.
Предыстория
Чжан Цзячжэнь родился в 666 году, во времена правления императора Гаоцзуна. Его семья была родом из уезда Пу (蒲州, приблизительно современный Юньчэн, Шаньси) и прослеживала свою родословную до канцлера династии Цзинь (266–420) Чжан Хуа и его старшего сына Чжан И (張祎) (張華 → 張祎 → 張輿 → 次惠 → 安之 → 宏策 (張緬 → 張九齡 Zhang Jiuling) → 絢 → 吒子 → 長度 → 俊興 → 思義 → 張俊義). Изначально происходивший из Фаньяна (范陽, в современном Пекине), прапрадед Чжан Цзыджа (張子吒) служил генеральным секретарем округа Хэдун (河東, приблизительно современный Юньчэн, позднее преобразованный в уезд Пу) при династии Суй, предшественнице династии Тан, и поэтому перенес семью в Хэдун. Прадед Чжан Цзячжэня Чжан Чанду (張長度), дед Чжан Чжунсинг (張俊興) и отец Чжан Сыи (張思義) все служили мелкими чиновниками при династии Тан. У него был как минимум один младший брат, Чжан Цзяю (張嘉祐), и поскольку Чжан Сыи умер рано, Чжан Цзячжэнь и Чжан Цзяю поддерживали друг друга в юности. Чжан Цзячжэнь успешно сдал имперские экзамены в молодости и был назначен уездным начальником уезда Пинсян (平鄉, в современном Синтае, Хэбэй), но был отстранен от должности за проступок, не указанный в исторических записях. Затем он вернулся домой, в уезд Пу. Во время эпохи Чанъань (701–705) при императрице У Цзэтянь, жене императора Гаоцзуна, однажды императорскому цензору Чжан Сюньсяню (張循憲) было поручено осмотреть округ Хэдун (河東道, приблизительно современный Шаньси), где он столкнулся с несколькими сложными для решения делами. Он спросил местных чиновников: «Есть ли здесь кто-нибудь разумный, с кем я мог бы посоветоваться?» Местный чиновник порекомендовал Чжан Цзячжэня, и Чжан Сюньсянь обратился к нему за советом. Чжан Цзячжэнь поразил Чжан Сюньсяня своей способностью анализировать ситуацию и находить верные решения. Поэтому он попросил Чжан Цзячжэня составить для него доклад императрице У Цзэтянь. Вернувшись в столицу Лоян, У Цзэтянь была впечатлена качеством доклада. Чжан Сюньсянь сообщил ей, что его составил Чжан Цзячжэнь, и предложил передать ему свой пост. Она ответила: «Разве у меня нет должности для талантливого человека?» Она вызвала Чжан Цзячжэня в Лоян и лично встретилась с ним. Быв впечатленной им, она назначила его имперским цензором и повысила Чжан Сюньсяна за то, что тот обнаружил талант Чжан Цзячжэня. Впоследствии Чжан Цзячжэнь последовательно служил младшим чиновником в министерстве обороны (兵部員外郎, Бинбу Юаньвайлан), где проявил свои способности; Чжуншу Шэжэнем (中書舍人), чиновником среднего звена в законодательном бюро (中書省, Чжуншу Шэн); комендантом округа Лян (梁州, приблизительно современный Ханьчжун, Шэньси), а затем округа Цинь (秦州, приблизительно современный Тяньшуй, Ганьсу); и затем генеральным секретарем округа Бин (并州, приблизительно современный Тайюань, Шаньси). Он стал известен своей строгостью в управлении, и его подчиненные боялись его.
Во время правления императора Сюаньцзуна
В начале эпохи Кайюань (713–741) правления внука У Цзэтянь, императора Сюаньцзуна, Чжан Цзячжэнь, в то время занимавший должность генерального секретаря префектуры Бин, однажды прибыл в тогдашнюю столицу Чанъань с докладом о делах префектуры. Император Сюаньцзун, слышавший о его способностях, похвалил его. Чжан Цзячжэнь воспользовался случаем и попросил перевести его брата, Чжан Цзяю, который тогда был генеральным секретарем префектуры Шань (鄯州, приблизительно современная префектура Хайдун, Цинхай), ближе к себе, так как скучал по брату. Император Сюаньцзун похвалил его за братскую любовь и назначил Чжан Цзяю префектом префектуры Синь (忻州, приблизительно современный Синьчжоу, Шаньси), расположенной недалеко от места службы Чжан Цзячжэня в префектуре Бин. В 718 году, после того как группа восточных туцзюэ признала власть династии Тан после смерти восточного туцзюэского кагана Ашины Мочуо, Чжан Цзячжэнь предложил создать военную базу для сдерживания восточных туцзюэ. В соответствии с его предложением в префектуре Бин была основана база Тяньбин (天兵軍), и Чжан был назначен её командующим. В 718 году, находясь в Чанъане, Чжан столкнулся с обвинениями в излишней роскоши и коррупции во время службы в префектуре Бин. Главный императорский цензор Ван Цзюнь выдвинул против него обвинение, но после расследования Чжан Цзячжэнь был оправдан. Император Сюаньцзун рассматривал вопрос о казни обвинителя в качестве наказания за ложные обвинения, но Чжан указал на то, что такая казнь может отпугнуть людей от сообщения о проступках. Император Сюаньцзун лишь сослал обвинителя и пришел к убеждению, что Чжан верен и способен на более высокие должности, сообщив ему, что однажды он, вероятно, станет канцлером. Чжан ответил:
When Ma Zhou [a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong's great grandfather Emperor Taizong] was poor and met the emperor, he was still young and strong. Emperor Taizong retained him and used his abilities, and yet lost Ma at age 50. If he had started using Ma at a later time, he would not have received Ma's service. Your Imperial Majesty does not consider me insolent and want to use me. Yet, if you delay, I may be too old to serve you. Further, it is rare that people can live to be 100. I often fear that I would die first in a ditch. If I were able to serve Your Imperial Majesty, I would surely not disappoint you. Emperor Xuanzong instead responded, "Just go back right now; I will surely recall you soon." In 720, when Emperor Xuanzong was set to remove the chancellors Song Jing and Su Ting and was considering whom to make chancellor, he thought of Zhang Jiazhen, but forgot Zhang Jiazhen's name. He thus asked the official Wei Kang (韋抗), "I can remember a general to the north who is capable; his name is Zhang, and his personal name has two characters. Can you think of it for me?" Wei thought it was Zhang Qiqiu (張齊丘), who was then the military governor (jiedushi) of Shuofang Circuit (朔方, headquartered in modern Yinchuan, Ningxia), and so Emperor Xuanzong had an edict drafted up, making Zhang Qiqiu chancellor. That night, however, when Emperor Xuanzong was reviewing files, he ran across Zhang Jiazhen's name and remembered him. He thus modified the edict to commission Zhang Jiazhen instead as Zhongshu Shilang (中書侍郎), the deputy head of the legislative bureau, with the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia PIngzhengshi (同中書門下平章事), making him a chancellor de facto, along with Yuan Qianyao. Later that year, Zhang was made Zhongshu Ling (中書令) the head of the legislative bureau and a post considered one for a chancellor. As chancellor, Zhang was said to be capable and energetic, but self important and inflexible; he was criticized by popular sentiment for those faults. He recommended the junior officials Miao Yansi (苗延嗣), Lü Taiyi (呂太一), Yuan Jiajing (員嘉靜), and Cui Xun (崔訓) for promotions and entrusted them with many important tasks. In 722, when Emperor Xuanzong visited Luoyang, an official at the Luoyang County government, Wang Jūn (王均, note different tone than the censor who indicted Zhang), had been building a mansion for Zhang, hoping to ingratiate him enough to be made an imperial censor. However, Wang Jūn was accused of corruption and set to be sentenced to death by caning. Zhang had Wang Jūn put to death as quickly as possible to avoid any taint, and then blamed Wei Kang, who was then chief imperial censor, and Wei Kang's deputy Wei Xuxin (韋虛心), and had them demoted. Later that year, the official Jiang Jiao (姜皎) was accused of leaking secret discussions with Emperor Xuanzong (in which Emperor Xuanzong talked with him about the possibility of deposing his wife Empress Wang. Zhang and Empress Wang's brother Wang Shouyi (王守一) both advocated that Jiang be caned and then exiled. Emperor Xuanzong did so, and Jiang died on the way to his place of exile. Soon thereafter, Pei Zhouxian (裴伷先) the commandant at Guang Prefecture (廣州, roughly modern Guangzhou, Guangdong) was accused of corruption, and Zhang again advocated caning him. However, Zhang Shuo, who had been made a chancellor as well, argued that public caning is inappropriate for high level officials, and Emperor Xuanzong agreed. After the meeting with Emperor Xuanzong was over, Zhang Jiazhen, displeased, asked Zhang Shuo, "Why did you have to go into such deep talk?" Zhang Shuo responded:
Chancellors come and go. If even high level officials can be caned, then perhaps one day we will be caned as well. I did not speak those words just for Pei Zhouxian, but for all learned people of the realm. Meanwhile, Zhang Shuo and Zhang Jiazhen had not been on good terms, because Zhang Shuo, who ranked below Zhang Jiazhen in the precedence of chancellors, had previously served as Zhang Jiazhen's superior while serving as deputy minister of defense, and therefore resented Zhang Jiazhen for not showing him more respect. Meanwhile, Zhang Jiazhen's brother Zhang Jiayou had been made a high ranked general, but in 723 was accused of corruption. At Zhang Shuo's suggestion, Zhang Jiazhen wore plain colored clothes and waited outside the palace for punishment, to show remorse. Instead of escaping punishment as Zhang Jiazhen hoped, however, Zhang Jiazhen, without getting another audience with Emperor Xuanzong, was demoted to be the prefect of You Prefecture (幽州, roughly modern Beijing). Zhang Shuo then replaced him as Zhongshu Ling, drawing hatred from Zhang Jiazhen, who commented, "There can be two people serving as Zhongshu Ling. Why did he have to squeeze me out?" In 724, Zhang Jiazhen was recalled to serve as minister of census (戶部尚書, Hubu Shangshu), as well as secretary general at Yi Prefecture (益州, roughly modern Chengdu, Sichuan). Emperor Xuanzong had Zhang Jiazhen join the chancellors for a banquet. Zhang Jiazhen, still resenting Zhang Shuo, cursed Zhang Shuo when they were both at the banquet, requiring Yuan Qianyao and Wang Jùn to step in to moderate between the two. Later in 724, Wang Shouyi was accused of using witchcraft to try to regain Emperor Xuanzong's favor for his sister Empress Wang. Empress Wang was deposed, and Wang Shouyi was first exiled and then ordered to commit suicide. Zhang Jiazhen, because of his association with Wang Shouyi, was demoted to be the prefect of Tai Prefecture (臺州, roughly modern Taizhou, Zhejiang). However, he was eventually recalled to serve successively as minister of public works (工部尚書, Gongbu Shangshu) and then prefect of Ding Prefecture (定州, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei). He was also created the Marquess of Hedong. After he got to Ding Prefecture, on one occasion, he commissioned a stele for a temple dedicated to the god of Mount Heng, and personally wrote the text on the stele, described to be very beautiful in form. As there were much money donations made to the temple, he believed himself to be responsible for those donations, and so took a small part of it. In 729, Zhang requested to be allowed to go to Luoyang on account of illness. Emperor Xuanzong agreed. Once Zhang got to Luoyang, he was no longer able to see, and Emperor Xuanzong sent imperial physicians to treat him. He died in the fall that year and was given posthumous honors. Zhang Jiazhen's son Zhang Yanshang and grandson Zhang Hongjing later served as chancellors for Emperor Dezong and Emperor Xianzong, respectively. It was said that although Zhang served in many important offices, he never spent time managing his estate. When he was at Ding Prefecture, some relatives suggested that he should begin to do so. Zhang responded:
I was fortunate to serve in important offices and once having served as chancellor. As long as I live, I do not fear hunger. If I were to be charged with a crime, all riches will be worthless. I have seen many officials who managed large estates, only for their useless descendants to spend away once they were dead. Their work was all for vain. Those who heard him were impressed by the analysis.
Когда Ма Чжоу [канцлер во время правления прадеда императора Сюаньцзуна, императора Тайцзуна] был беден и предстал перед императором, он был молод и крепок. Император Тайцзун оставил его при себе и использовал его способности, но потерял Ма в возрасте 50 лет. Если бы он начал использовать Ма позже, он не получил бы его услуг. Ваше Императорское Величество не считает меня дерзким и желает использовать меня. Но если вы затянете с этим, я могу стать слишком стар, чтобы служить вам. К тому же, немногие живут до ста лет. Я часто боюсь, что умру первым в канаве. Если бы я мог служить Вашему Императорскому Величеству, я бы, безусловно, не разочаровал вас. Император Сюаньцзун ответил: "Возвращайся сейчас же; я обязательно вспомню о тебе в скором времени". В 720 году, когда император Сюаньцзун решил отстранить канцлеров Сун Цзин и Су Тин и размышлял о кандидатуре на должность канцлера, он вспомнил о Чжан Цзячжэне, но забыл его имя. Он спросил чиновника Вэй Канга (韋抗): "Я помню генерала на севере, который способен; его имя Чжан, и его личное имя состоит из двух иероглифов. Можешь ли ты вспомнить, кто это?" Вэй предположил, что это Чжан Цицю (張齊丘), который в то время был военным губернатором (цзедуши) округа Шуофан (朔方, штаб-квартира в современном Иньчуане, Нинся), и император Сюаньцзун издал указ о назначении Чжан Цицю канцлером. Однако той же ночью, просматривая документы, император Сюаньцзун наткнулся на имя Чжан Цзячжэня и вспомнил его. Он изменил указ, назначив Чжан Цзячжэня на должность Чжуншу Шилана (中書侍郎), заместителя главы законодательного бюро, с титулом Тун Чжуншу Мэнься Пинчжэнши (同中書門下平章事), фактически сделав его канцлером вместе с Юань Цяньяо. Позже в том же году Чжан был назначен Чжуншу Лином (中書令) – главой законодательного бюро, должность, считавшаяся канцлерской. Будучи канцлером, Чжан проявил себя как способный и энергичный человек, но высокомерный и негибкий; общественное мнение критиковало его за эти недостатки. Он рекомендовал к повышению младших чиновников Мяо Яньси (苗延嗣), Лю Тайи (呂太一), Юань Цзяцзин (員嘉靜) и Цуй Сюня (崔訓) и доверил им множество важных задач. В 722 году, когда император Сюаньцзун посетил Лоян, чиновник правительства округа Лоян, Ван Цзюнь (王均, обратите внимание на иной тон, чем у цензора, обвинившего Чжана), строил особняк для Чжана, надеясь заслужить его расположение и получить должность императорского цензора. Однако Ван Цзюнь был обвинен в коррупции и приговорен к смерти через избиение палками. Чжан приказал как можно скорее казнить Ван Цзюня, чтобы избежать какого-либо пятна, а затем обвинил Вэй Канга, который в то время был главным императорским цензором, и его заместителя Вэй Сюсиня (韋虛心) и понизил их в должности. Позже в том же году чиновник Цзян Цзяо (姜皎) был обвинен в разглашении секретных бесед с императором Сюаньцзуном (в которых император обсуждал с ним возможность свержения своей жены, императрицы Ван). Чжан и брат императрицы Ван, Ван Шоуи (王守一), настаивали на том, чтобы Цзян был избит палками, а затем сослан. Император Сюаньцзун так и поступил, и Цзян умер по дороге к месту ссылки. Вскоре после этого Пэй Чжоусянь (裴伷先), комендант префектуры Гуан (廣州, приблизительно современный Гуанчжоу, Гуандун), был обвинен в коррупции, и Чжан снова высказался за избиение его палками. Однако Чжан Шо (張說), который также был назначен канцлером, утверждал, что публичное избиение палками неуместно для высокопоставленных чиновников, и император Сюаньцзун согласился. После встречи с императором Сюаньцзуном Чжан Цзячжэнь, недовольный, спросил Чжан Шо: "Зачем тебе было вдаваться в такие подробности?" Чжан Шо ответил:
When Ma Zhou [a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong's great grandfather Emperor Taizong] was poor and met the emperor, he was still young and strong. Emperor Taizong retained him and used his abilities, and yet lost Ma at age 50. If he had started using Ma at a later time, he would not have received Ma's service. Your Imperial Majesty does not consider me insolent and want to use me. Yet, if you delay, I may be too old to serve you. Further, it is rare that people can live to be 100. I often fear that I would die first in a ditch. If I were able to serve Your Imperial Majesty, I would surely not disappoint you. Emperor Xuanzong instead responded, "Just go back right now; I will surely recall you soon." In 720, when Emperor Xuanzong was set to remove the chancellors Song Jing and Su Ting and was considering whom to make chancellor, he thought of Zhang Jiazhen, but forgot Zhang Jiazhen's name. He thus asked the official Wei Kang (韋抗), "I can remember a general to the north who is capable; his name is Zhang, and his personal name has two characters. Can you think of it for me?" Wei thought it was Zhang Qiqiu (張齊丘), who was then the military governor (jiedushi) of Shuofang Circuit (朔方, headquartered in modern Yinchuan, Ningxia), and so Emperor Xuanzong had an edict drafted up, making Zhang Qiqiu chancellor. That night, however, when Emperor Xuanzong was reviewing files, he ran across Zhang Jiazhen's name and remembered him. He thus modified the edict to commission Zhang Jiazhen instead as Zhongshu Shilang (中書侍郎), the deputy head of the legislative bureau, with the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia PIngzhengshi (同中書門下平章事), making him a chancellor de facto, along with Yuan Qianyao. Later that year, Zhang was made Zhongshu Ling (中書令) the head of the legislative bureau and a post considered one for a chancellor. As chancellor, Zhang was said to be capable and energetic, but self important and inflexible; he was criticized by popular sentiment for those faults. He recommended the junior officials Miao Yansi (苗延嗣), Lü Taiyi (呂太一), Yuan Jiajing (員嘉靜), and Cui Xun (崔訓) for promotions and entrusted them with many important tasks. In 722, when Emperor Xuanzong visited Luoyang, an official at the Luoyang County government, Wang Jūn (王均, note different tone than the censor who indicted Zhang), had been building a mansion for Zhang, hoping to ingratiate him enough to be made an imperial censor. However, Wang Jūn was accused of corruption and set to be sentenced to death by caning. Zhang had Wang Jūn put to death as quickly as possible to avoid any taint, and then blamed Wei Kang, who was then chief imperial censor, and Wei Kang's deputy Wei Xuxin (韋虛心), and had them demoted. Later that year, the official Jiang Jiao (姜皎) was accused of leaking secret discussions with Emperor Xuanzong (in which Emperor Xuanzong talked with him about the possibility of deposing his wife Empress Wang. Zhang and Empress Wang's brother Wang Shouyi (王守一) both advocated that Jiang be caned and then exiled. Emperor Xuanzong did so, and Jiang died on the way to his place of exile. Soon thereafter, Pei Zhouxian (裴伷先) the commandant at Guang Prefecture (廣州, roughly modern Guangzhou, Guangdong) was accused of corruption, and Zhang again advocated caning him. However, Zhang Shuo, who had been made a chancellor as well, argued that public caning is inappropriate for high level officials, and Emperor Xuanzong agreed. After the meeting with Emperor Xuanzong was over, Zhang Jiazhen, displeased, asked Zhang Shuo, "Why did you have to go into such deep talk?" Zhang Shuo responded:
Chancellors come and go. If even high level officials can be caned, then perhaps one day we will be caned as well. I did not speak those words just for Pei Zhouxian, but for all learned people of the realm. Meanwhile, Zhang Shuo and Zhang Jiazhen had not been on good terms, because Zhang Shuo, who ranked below Zhang Jiazhen in the precedence of chancellors, had previously served as Zhang Jiazhen's superior while serving as deputy minister of defense, and therefore resented Zhang Jiazhen for not showing him more respect. Meanwhile, Zhang Jiazhen's brother Zhang Jiayou had been made a high ranked general, but in 723 was accused of corruption. At Zhang Shuo's suggestion, Zhang Jiazhen wore plain colored clothes and waited outside the palace for punishment, to show remorse. Instead of escaping punishment as Zhang Jiazhen hoped, however, Zhang Jiazhen, without getting another audience with Emperor Xuanzong, was demoted to be the prefect of You Prefecture (幽州, roughly modern Beijing). Zhang Shuo then replaced him as Zhongshu Ling, drawing hatred from Zhang Jiazhen, who commented, "There can be two people serving as Zhongshu Ling. Why did he have to squeeze me out?" In 724, Zhang Jiazhen was recalled to serve as minister of census (戶部尚書, Hubu Shangshu), as well as secretary general at Yi Prefecture (益州, roughly modern Chengdu, Sichuan). Emperor Xuanzong had Zhang Jiazhen join the chancellors for a banquet. Zhang Jiazhen, still resenting Zhang Shuo, cursed Zhang Shuo when they were both at the banquet, requiring Yuan Qianyao and Wang Jùn to step in to moderate between the two. Later in 724, Wang Shouyi was accused of using witchcraft to try to regain Emperor Xuanzong's favor for his sister Empress Wang. Empress Wang was deposed, and Wang Shouyi was first exiled and then ordered to commit suicide. Zhang Jiazhen, because of his association with Wang Shouyi, was demoted to be the prefect of Tai Prefecture (臺州, roughly modern Taizhou, Zhejiang). However, he was eventually recalled to serve successively as minister of public works (工部尚書, Gongbu Shangshu) and then prefect of Ding Prefecture (定州, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei). He was also created the Marquess of Hedong. After he got to Ding Prefecture, on one occasion, he commissioned a stele for a temple dedicated to the god of Mount Heng, and personally wrote the text on the stele, described to be very beautiful in form. As there were much money donations made to the temple, he believed himself to be responsible for those donations, and so took a small part of it. In 729, Zhang requested to be allowed to go to Luoyang on account of illness. Emperor Xuanzong agreed. Once Zhang got to Luoyang, he was no longer able to see, and Emperor Xuanzong sent imperial physicians to treat him. He died in the fall that year and was given posthumous honors. Zhang Jiazhen's son Zhang Yanshang and grandson Zhang Hongjing later served as chancellors for Emperor Dezong and Emperor Xianzong, respectively. It was said that although Zhang served in many important offices, he never spent time managing his estate. When he was at Ding Prefecture, some relatives suggested that he should begin to do so. Zhang responded:
I was fortunate to serve in important offices and once having served as chancellor. As long as I live, I do not fear hunger. If I were to be charged with a crime, all riches will be worthless. I have seen many officials who managed large estates, only for their useless descendants to spend away once they were dead. Their work was all for vain. Those who heard him were impressed by the analysis.
Канцлеры приходят и уходят. Если даже высокопоставленных чиновников можно бить палками, то, возможно, однажды придет очередь и нас. Я говорил это не только ради Пэй Чжоусяня, но и ради всех ученых людей империи. Между тем, Чжан Шо и Чжан Цзячжэнь не ладили, потому что Чжан Шо, занимавший более низкую должность в иерархии канцлеров, ранее был начальником Чжан Цзячжэня, когда служил заместителем министра обороны, и поэтому обижался на Чжан Цзячжэня за то, что тот не проявлял к нему должного уважения. Между тем, брат Чжан Цзячжэня, Чжан Цзяю, был повышен до генерала высокого ранга, но в 723 году был обвинен в коррупции. По предложению Чжан Шо, Чжан Цзячжэнь надел одежду простых цветов и ждал у дворца наказания, чтобы показать раскаяние. Однако, вопреки надеждам Чжан Цзячжэня, он не избежал наказания и, не получив повторной аудиенции у императора Сюаньцзуна, был понижен в должности до префекта префектуры Ю (幽州, приблизительно современный Пекин). Чжан Шо заменил его на посту Чжуншу Лина, вызвав ненависть Чжан Цзячжэня, который прокомментировал: "Может быть два человека, занимающих должность Чжуншу Лина. Зачем ему было вытеснять меня?" В 724 году Чжан Цзячжэнь был отозван на должность министра финансов (戶部尚書, Хубу Шаншу), а также генерального секретаря префектуры И (益州, приблизительно современный Чэнду, Сычуань). Император Сюаньцзун пригласил Чжан Цзячжэня на банкет вместе с канцлерами. Чжан Цзячжэнь, все еще обиженный на Чжан Шо, проклял Чжан Шо во время банкета, потребовав, чтобы Юань Цяньяо и Ван Цзюнь вмешались, чтобы уладить конфликт между ними. Позже в 724 году Ван Шоуи был обвинен в использовании колдовства, чтобы вернуть расположение императора Сюаньцзуна к своей сестре, императрице Ван. Императрица Ван была свергнута, а Ван Шоуи сначала был сослан, а затем приказал покончить с собой. Чжан Цзячжэнь, из-за своей связи с Ван Шоуи, был понижен в должности до префекта префектуры Тай (臺州, приблизительно современный Тайчжоу, Чжэцзян). Однако он был вскоре отозван и последовательно служил министром общественных работ (工部尚書, Гунбу Шаншу), а затем префектом префектуры Дин (定州, приблизительно современный Баодин, Хэбэй). Ему также был пожалован титул маркиза Хэдун. После прибытия в префектуру Дин он однажды заказал стелу для храма, посвященного богу горы Хэн, и лично написал текст на стеле, который был описан как очень красивый по форме. Поскольку в храм было сделано много пожертвований, он считал себя ответственным...
When Ma Zhou [a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong's great grandfather Emperor Taizong] was poor and met the emperor, he was still young and strong. Emperor Taizong retained him and used his abilities, and yet lost Ma at age 50. If he had started using Ma at a later time, he would not have received Ma's service. Your Imperial Majesty does not consider me insolent and want to use me. Yet, if you delay, I may be too old to serve you. Further, it is rare that people can live to be 100. I often fear that I would die first in a ditch. If I were able to serve Your Imperial Majesty, I would surely not disappoint you. Emperor Xuanzong instead responded, "Just go back right now; I will surely recall you soon." In 720, when Emperor Xuanzong was set to remove the chancellors Song Jing and Su Ting and was considering whom to make chancellor, he thought of Zhang Jiazhen, but forgot Zhang Jiazhen's name. He thus asked the official Wei Kang (韋抗), "I can remember a general to the north who is capable; his name is Zhang, and his personal name has two characters. Can you think of it for me?" Wei thought it was Zhang Qiqiu (張齊丘), who was then the military governor (jiedushi) of Shuofang Circuit (朔方, headquartered in modern Yinchuan, Ningxia), and so Emperor Xuanzong had an edict drafted up, making Zhang Qiqiu chancellor. That night, however, when Emperor Xuanzong was reviewing files, he ran across Zhang Jiazhen's name and remembered him. He thus modified the edict to commission Zhang Jiazhen instead as Zhongshu Shilang (中書侍郎), the deputy head of the legislative bureau, with the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia PIngzhengshi (同中書門下平章事), making him a chancellor de facto, along with Yuan Qianyao. Later that year, Zhang was made Zhongshu Ling (中書令) the head of the legislative bureau and a post considered one for a chancellor. As chancellor, Zhang was said to be capable and energetic, but self important and inflexible; he was criticized by popular sentiment for those faults. He recommended the junior officials Miao Yansi (苗延嗣), Lü Taiyi (呂太一), Yuan Jiajing (員嘉靜), and Cui Xun (崔訓) for promotions and entrusted them with many important tasks. In 722, when Emperor Xuanzong visited Luoyang, an official at the Luoyang County government, Wang Jūn (王均, note different tone than the censor who indicted Zhang), had been building a mansion for Zhang, hoping to ingratiate him enough to be made an imperial censor. However, Wang Jūn was accused of corruption and set to be sentenced to death by caning. Zhang had Wang Jūn put to death as quickly as possible to avoid any taint, and then blamed Wei Kang, who was then chief imperial censor, and Wei Kang's deputy Wei Xuxin (韋虛心), and had them demoted. Later that year, the official Jiang Jiao (姜皎) was accused of leaking secret discussions with Emperor Xuanzong (in which Emperor Xuanzong talked with him about the possibility of deposing his wife Empress Wang. Zhang and Empress Wang's brother Wang Shouyi (王守一) both advocated that Jiang be caned and then exiled. Emperor Xuanzong did so, and Jiang died on the way to his place of exile. Soon thereafter, Pei Zhouxian (裴伷先) the commandant at Guang Prefecture (廣州, roughly modern Guangzhou, Guangdong) was accused of corruption, and Zhang again advocated caning him. However, Zhang Shuo, who had been made a chancellor as well, argued that public caning is inappropriate for high level officials, and Emperor Xuanzong agreed. After the meeting with Emperor Xuanzong was over, Zhang Jiazhen, displeased, asked Zhang Shuo, "Why did you have to go into such deep talk?" Zhang Shuo responded:
Chancellors come and go. If even high level officials can be caned, then perhaps one day we will be caned as well. I did not speak those words just for Pei Zhouxian, but for all learned people of the realm. Meanwhile, Zhang Shuo and Zhang Jiazhen had not been on good terms, because Zhang Shuo, who ranked below Zhang Jiazhen in the precedence of chancellors, had previously served as Zhang Jiazhen's superior while serving as deputy minister of defense, and therefore resented Zhang Jiazhen for not showing him more respect. Meanwhile, Zhang Jiazhen's brother Zhang Jiayou had been made a high ranked general, but in 723 was accused of corruption. At Zhang Shuo's suggestion, Zhang Jiazhen wore plain colored clothes and waited outside the palace for punishment, to show remorse. Instead of escaping punishment as Zhang Jiazhen hoped, however, Zhang Jiazhen, without getting another audience with Emperor Xuanzong, was demoted to be the prefect of You Prefecture (幽州, roughly modern Beijing). Zhang Shuo then replaced him as Zhongshu Ling, drawing hatred from Zhang Jiazhen, who commented, "There can be two people serving as Zhongshu Ling. Why did he have to squeeze me out?" In 724, Zhang Jiazhen was recalled to serve as minister of census (戶部尚書, Hubu Shangshu), as well as secretary general at Yi Prefecture (益州, roughly modern Chengdu, Sichuan). Emperor Xuanzong had Zhang Jiazhen join the chancellors for a banquet. Zhang Jiazhen, still resenting Zhang Shuo, cursed Zhang Shuo when they were both at the banquet, requiring Yuan Qianyao and Wang Jùn to step in to moderate between the two. Later in 724, Wang Shouyi was accused of using witchcraft to try to regain Emperor Xuanzong's favor for his sister Empress Wang. Empress Wang was deposed, and Wang Shouyi was first exiled and then ordered to commit suicide. Zhang Jiazhen, because of his association with Wang Shouyi, was demoted to be the prefect of Tai Prefecture (臺州, roughly modern Taizhou, Zhejiang). However, he was eventually recalled to serve successively as minister of public works (工部尚書, Gongbu Shangshu) and then prefect of Ding Prefecture (定州, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei). He was also created the Marquess of Hedong. After he got to Ding Prefecture, on one occasion, he commissioned a stele for a temple dedicated to the god of Mount Heng, and personally wrote the text on the stele, described to be very beautiful in form. As there were much money donations made to the temple, he believed himself to be responsible for those donations, and so took a small part of it. In 729, Zhang requested to be allowed to go to Luoyang on account of illness. Emperor Xuanzong agreed. Once Zhang got to Luoyang, he was no longer able to see, and Emperor Xuanzong sent imperial physicians to treat him. He died in the fall that year and was given posthumous honors. Zhang Jiazhen's son Zhang Yanshang and grandson Zhang Hongjing later served as chancellors for Emperor Dezong and Emperor Xianzong, respectively. It was said that although Zhang served in many important offices, he never spent time managing his estate. When he was at Ding Prefecture, some relatives suggested that he should begin to do so. Zhang responded:
I was fortunate to serve in important offices and once having served as chancellor. As long as I live, I do not fear hunger. If I were to be charged with a crime, all riches will be worthless. I have seen many officials who managed large estates, only for their useless descendants to spend away once they were dead. Their work was all for vain. Those who heard him were impressed by the analysis.
Примечания и ссылки
Старая книга Тан, том 99. Новая книга Тан, том 127. Цзычжи Тунцзянь, тома 207, 211, 212, 213.