Рейн-Неккар: Экономический регион Германии

the German metropolitan region

The Rhine Neckar Metropolitan Region (Metropolregion Rhein Neckar, ), often referred to as Rhein Neckar Triangle, is a polycentric metropolitan region located in south western Germany, between the Frankfurt/Rhine Main region to the North and the Stuttgart Region to the South East. Rhine Neckar has a population of some 2.4 million with major cities being Mannheim, Ludwigshafen and Heidelberg. Other cities include the former Free imperial cities of Speyer and Worms. The metro area also encompasses parts of the Baden and Palatinate wine regions, the second largest vine region of the country called Deutsche Weinstraße and territory from the three federal states of Baden Württemberg, Rhineland Palatinate and Hesse. It has a strong local identity as a successor of the historical Electorate of the Palatinate state. The region is named after the rivers Rhine and Neckar, which join at Mannheim. Since 2005, the region is officially recognized as a European Metropolitan Area.

The Rhine Neckar Region is one of Germany’s driving economic forces, with global players such as BASF, SAP, Heidelberger Druckmaschinen or Fuchs Petrolub. It is also home to various SMEs. It is known as the largest technology cluster in Europe, also labeled IT Cluster Rhine Main Neckar. In 2010, regional gross value added was around EUR 67.5 billion, regional GDP over 75 billion euro. Just under 58% of the goods produced in the region are exported. The main sectors are the automotive industry, mechanical engineering and plant construction, chemicals, information technology, biotechnology and life sciences, energy and the environment and the creative and cultural industries. Rhine Neckar has a leading position both nationally and internationally in many of these fields. More recent information shows a BIP of EUR 92.6 billion in 2015. The GDP per inhabitant is EUR 39,139; the Rhine Neckar region is among the areas with the lowest unemployment in Germany. According to the "Industrie und Handelskammer" (IHK), there are 134,000 companies registered in the region. The Rhine Neckar region also has high volume purchasing power, therefore it is an attractive location for retailers and investors. Per capita income in 2008 was EUR 19,300, exceeding the national average by EUR 300.

The Metropolitan region is a strong economic driver as well as a centre of the European transportation network. The central location and infrastructure of the region makes it accessible nationally and internationally. Individual and delivery traffic can connect to the national highway network, with highways A5/A67 and A61/A65 from north to south and the A6 from east to west, as well as the respective federal highways. Connection to Frankfurt International Airport takes 31 minutes by ICE train from Mannheim Hbf. In addition, domestic business air travel is served by Mannheim City Airport with an own local airline (Rhein Neckar Air) and a second regional airport in Speyer. Travelling by rail also provides direct access to national major cities as well as European capitals. With around 240 long distance departures daily at the central station, Mannheim is the second largest ICE terminal in Germany and connects the region to the European long distance rail network. The Rhine Neckar public transport system (VRN), with the Rhine Neckar S Bahn as its backbone, provides infrastructure and connects to neighbouring regions. The Mannheim/Ludwigshafen harbor complex has the second largest railway yard in Germany together with one of the largest inland ports in Europe and is a central hub for the European handling of goods. The Mannheim railway yard dispatches up to 5,300 freight cars daily.

The region has a long history when it comes to the pursuit of scientific discovery as does Rhine Neckar. In 1386, the University of Heidelberg was founded as Germany’s first university and remains one of the most prestigious universities in Germany. Around 94,000 students are enrolled at the region’s institutes of higher education, roughly one in ten of whom are international students. The 22 institutes of higher education in the Rhine Neckar Region come together with a wide range of well known research institutions such as the European Molecular Biology Laboratory or the German Cancer Research Center to form a creative environment for innovative technologies. In the conurbation of Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ludwigshafen, more than twice as many experts work in research than the German average.

The Rhine Neckar Region has more than 80 theatres, more than 200 museums and galleries. Three World Heritage Sites – Lorsch Abbey, frontiers of the Roman Empire, and the Speyer Cathedral – and more than 200 castles, cathedrals and palaces dot the history steeped landscape, including world famous historical sites such as Heidelberg Castle, Schwetzingen Castle and Hambach Castle. There are three nature parks (the Palatinate Forest, Neckartal Odenwald, and the Bergstrasse Odenwald geopark) within the region as well as four wine growing areas (Baden, Hessische Bergstrasse, Palatinate, Rhine Hesse). In terms of sports, the Rhine Neckar region features professional teams like Adler Mannheim (ice hockey), Rhein Neckar Löwen (handball) and SV Sandhausen and 1899 Hoffenheim (association football). Notable venues are the Golf Club St. Leon Rot and the Hockenheimring motorsport circuit. The Olympic training centre for the Rhine Neckar Metropolitan Region keeps local sportspeople at Olympic level. With more than 2,700 sports associations getting people moving from the Palatinate Forest to the Odenwald mountains, the region offers a broad range of non professional sports activities. The SAP Arena built in 2005 serves as the region's most important indoor event venue. The Rhein Neckar Arena opened in 2009 as the new home of 1899 Hoffenheim.