Введение
Отец президента США Ричарда Никсона.
|имя = Фрэнсис А. Никсон
|изображение = Francis A. Nixon(Cropped).png
|имя при рождении = Фрэнсис Энтони Никсон
|дата рождения = 3 декабря 1878
|место рождения = Округ Элк, штат Огайо, США
|дата смерти = 4 сентября 1956 (77 лет)
|место смерти = Ла-Хабра, штат Калифорния, США
infobox person
|name = Francis A. Nixon
|image = Francis A. Nixon(Cropped). png
|birth name = Francis Anthony Nixon
|birth date = 1878 12 03
|birth place = Elk Township, Ohio, U. S.
|death date = Died: 1956 09 04 (aged 77)
|death place = La Habra, California, U. S. Nixon's family ancestry included colonial Pennsylvania Quakers. He was raised Methodist, however, but converted to Quakerism when he married Hannah Milhous. Sarah Nixon died in January 1888, leading Francis to live with an uncle during his father's struggle to avoid poverty and to cope with the loss of Sarah. After Francis' father remarried, Francis moved away. Biographer Jonathan Aitken cited Francis' disliking of his new stepmother as his reason for leaving. Nixon proceeded to have multiple jobs during the next fourteen years. After his son Richard was born, Nixon abandoned the lemon grove, and the family relocated to the Quaker community of Whittier, California. Nixon worked the family business, a store that sold groceries and Atlantic Richfield gasoline, but the family remained impoverished. Nixon's life was marked by the deaths of two of his sons, Arthur and Harold, from tuberculosis. He has been described as a "restless, frustrated, and angry man, a mean spirited person who psychologically abused his five sons and sometimes beat them." By the time of his later adulthood, Nixon often discussed his political opinions with strangers, his son Don remembering his father as being willing to debate anyone he encountered in the family market and having an intolerance of Democrats. Nixon voted for Woodrow Wilson in the 1916 United States presidential election, Robert Lafollette in the 1924 presidential election, Herbert Hoover in both the 1928 and 1932 presidential elections, and Franklin Roosevelt in the 1936 election. Aitken described these as erratic voting habits that displayed changing political loyalties in the early life of his son Richard. After his son Arthur's death in 1925, Nixon frequently pondered and was haunted by the possibility of God allowing the death as a form of punishment directed toward him, his actions afterward being never again to open the family store on Sundays and having the family listen to sermons every evening. Nixon favored Robert P. Shuler, Billy Sunday, and Aimee Semple McPherson, taking his sons once a week to hear either Shuler or McPherson at Trinity Methodist Church. In 1938, Francis' son Richard met Pat Ryan, who Frank reportedly developed a "playful relationship" with and spared the same criticisms he had given his children. During the controversy concerning Richard's alleged improprieties relating to a fund established by his backers to reimburse him for his political expenses, Frank was "reduced to sobs" in hearing of the story and angered by his son's taking of any funds. The elder Nixons cared for their granddaughters Julie and Patricia while Vice President Nixon was involved with activities relating to the 1956 Republican National Convention. Francis experienced a ruptured abdominal artery in the latter part of the month from which he was not expected to recover, resulting in the vice president curtailing his public appearances to tend to his father, who advocated that his son return to San Francisco and work with the convention; Vice President Nixon refused. The next day, Francis Nixon died, his funeral being carried out three days later at the East Whittier Friends Meeting House.
В родословной семьи Никсонов были колониальные квакеры из Пенсильвании. Однако он был воспитан в методистской вере, но обратился к квакерству после женитьбы на Ханне Милхаус. Смерть Сары Никсон в январе 1888 года привела к тому, что Фрэнсис стал жить с дядей, пока его отец боролся с нищетой и переживал потерю Сары. После повторного брака отца Фрэнсис уехал. Биограф Джонатан Эйткен указал на неприязнь Фрэнсиса к новой мачехе как на причину его отъезда. В течение следующих четырнадцати лет Никсон перепробовал множество работ. После рождения сына Ричарда Никсон оставил лимонную рощу, и семья переехала в квакерскую общину Уиттье, штат Калифорния. Никсон работал в семейном магазине, где продавались продукты и бензин Atlantic Richfield, но семья оставалась в бедности. Жизнь Никсона была омрачена смертью двух его сыновей, Артура и Гарольда, от туберкулеза. Его описывали как "беспокойного, разочарованного и злого человека, злопамятного, который психологически издевался над своими пятью сыновьями и иногда их избивал". К зрелому возрасту Никсон часто обсуждал свои политические взгляды с незнакомцами; его сын Дон вспоминал, что отец был готов спорить с любым, кого встречал в семейном магазине, и не терпел демократов. Никсон голосовал за Вудро Вильсона на президентских выборах 1916 года, Роберта Лафоллетта на выборах 1924 года, Герберта Гувера на выборах 1928 и 1932 годов и Франклина Рузвельта на выборах 1936 года. Эйткен описал это как непоследовательное голосование, отражающее меняющуюся политическую лояльность в ранней жизни его сына Ричарда. После смерти сына Артура в 1925 году Никсона часто мучила мысль о том, что Бог мог допустить смерть в качестве наказания, и после этого он больше никогда не открывал семейный магазин по воскресеньям и заставлял семью слушать проповеди каждый вечер. Никсон симпатизировал Роберту П. Шулеру, Билли Сандею и Эйми Семпл Макферсон, раз в неделю беря сыновей послушать Шулера или Макферсона в методистской церкви Троицы. В 1938 году сын Фрэнсиса, Ричард, познакомился с Пэт Райан, с которой, по сообщениям, Фрэнк установил "игривые отношения" и не подвергал той же критике, что и своих детей. Во время споров о предполагаемых злоупотреблениях Ричарда, связанных с фондом, созданным его сторонниками для возмещения его политических расходов, Фрэнк "заплакал" от услышанного и возмутился тем, что сын взял какие-либо средства. Старшие Никсоны заботились о своих внучках Джули и Патрисии, пока вице-президент Никсон был занят мероприятиями, связанными с Национальным съездом Республиканской партии 1956 года. В конце месяца у Фрэнсиса произошел разрыв брюшной артерии, от которого он, как ожидалось, не оправится. В результате вице-президент сократил свои публичные выступления, чтобы ухаживать за отцом, который настаивал на том, чтобы сын вернулся в Сан-Франциско и работал на съезде; вице-президент Никсон отказался. На следующий день Фрэнсис Никсон умер, его похороны состоялись три дня спустя в Доме собраний квакеров Ист-Уиттье.
infobox person
|name = Francis A. Nixon
|image = Francis A. Nixon(Cropped). png
|birth name = Francis Anthony Nixon
|birth date = 1878 12 03
|birth place = Elk Township, Ohio, U. S.
|death date = Died: 1956 09 04 (aged 77)
|death place = La Habra, California, U. S. Nixon's family ancestry included colonial Pennsylvania Quakers. He was raised Methodist, however, but converted to Quakerism when he married Hannah Milhous. Sarah Nixon died in January 1888, leading Francis to live with an uncle during his father's struggle to avoid poverty and to cope with the loss of Sarah. After Francis' father remarried, Francis moved away. Biographer Jonathan Aitken cited Francis' disliking of his new stepmother as his reason for leaving. Nixon proceeded to have multiple jobs during the next fourteen years. After his son Richard was born, Nixon abandoned the lemon grove, and the family relocated to the Quaker community of Whittier, California. Nixon worked the family business, a store that sold groceries and Atlantic Richfield gasoline, but the family remained impoverished. Nixon's life was marked by the deaths of two of his sons, Arthur and Harold, from tuberculosis. He has been described as a "restless, frustrated, and angry man, a mean spirited person who psychologically abused his five sons and sometimes beat them." By the time of his later adulthood, Nixon often discussed his political opinions with strangers, his son Don remembering his father as being willing to debate anyone he encountered in the family market and having an intolerance of Democrats. Nixon voted for Woodrow Wilson in the 1916 United States presidential election, Robert Lafollette in the 1924 presidential election, Herbert Hoover in both the 1928 and 1932 presidential elections, and Franklin Roosevelt in the 1936 election. Aitken described these as erratic voting habits that displayed changing political loyalties in the early life of his son Richard. After his son Arthur's death in 1925, Nixon frequently pondered and was haunted by the possibility of God allowing the death as a form of punishment directed toward him, his actions afterward being never again to open the family store on Sundays and having the family listen to sermons every evening. Nixon favored Robert P. Shuler, Billy Sunday, and Aimee Semple McPherson, taking his sons once a week to hear either Shuler or McPherson at Trinity Methodist Church. In 1938, Francis' son Richard met Pat Ryan, who Frank reportedly developed a "playful relationship" with and spared the same criticisms he had given his children. During the controversy concerning Richard's alleged improprieties relating to a fund established by his backers to reimburse him for his political expenses, Frank was "reduced to sobs" in hearing of the story and angered by his son's taking of any funds. The elder Nixons cared for their granddaughters Julie and Patricia while Vice President Nixon was involved with activities relating to the 1956 Republican National Convention. Francis experienced a ruptured abdominal artery in the latter part of the month from which he was not expected to recover, resulting in the vice president curtailing his public appearances to tend to his father, who advocated that his son return to San Francisco and work with the convention; Vice President Nixon refused. The next day, Francis Nixon died, his funeral being carried out three days later at the East Whittier Friends Meeting House.
В популярной культуре
Его сыграл актер Том Бауэр в фильме Оливера Стоуна "Никсон".