Жанры и поджанры джазовой музыки

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This is a list of subgenres of jazz music.

GenreCharacteristicsEraAcid jazzCombined elements of soul music, funk, disco, including looping beats and modal harmony1980s–1990sAfro Cuban jazzIt mixes Afro Cuban clave based rhythms with jazz harmonies and techniques of improvisation.1940s >Avant garde jazzA style of music and improvisation that combines avant garde art music and composition with jazz. It originated in the 1950s and developed through the 1960s.1950s >BebopBebop or bop is a style of jazz characterized by a fast tempo, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation based on a combination of harmonic structure and occasional references to the melody.1940s >Big band1910s >British dance bandBritish dance band is a genre of popular jazz and dance music that developed in British dance halls and hotel ballrooms during the 1920s and 1930s.1920s >Cape jazzCape jazz (more often written Cape Jazz) is a genre of jazz that is performed in the southernmost part of Africa, the name being a reference to Cape Town, South Africa. 1990s >Chamber jazzChamber jazz is a genre of jazz involving small, acoustic based ensembles where group interplay is important.1960s >Continental jazzEarly jazz dance bands of Europe in the swing medium, to the exclusion of Great Britain. Cool jazzContrasts with the hard, fast sound of bebop. A more relaxed, subdued style, with more formal arrangements and elements of swing and classical.1940s–1960sCrossover jazzArtists mix different styles of music into jazz.1970s >DixielandDixieland music or New Orleans jazz, sometimes referred to as hot jazz or early jazz, is a style of jazz music which developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century. Stylistically it is essentially a form of Ragtime, typically transposed for brass band, banjo and/or clarinet.1900s >Electro SwingModern interpretation of Swing merged with EDM. Performances typically include both a live band and a DJ.1990s >Ethio jazzA specific form of jazz that evolved in Ethiopia in the likes of the music of Mulatu Astatke, also referred to as the King of Ethio jazz. 1950s >Ethno jazzEthno jazz, a form of ethno music, is sometimes equaled to world music or is regarded as its successor, particularly before the 1990s. An independent meaning of "ethno jazz" emerged around 1990.1990s >European free jazzEuropean free jazz is a part of the global free jazz scene with its own development and characteristics.1960s >Flamenco jazz1960s >Free funkA combination of avant garde jazz with funk music 1970s >Free jazzFree improvisation is improvised music without any specific rules. By itself, free improvisation can be any genre, it isn't necessarily jazz. Free jazz musicians make use of free improvisation to alter, extend, or break down jazz convention, often by discarding fixed chord changes, tempos, melodies, or phrases. Ornette Coleman was an early and noted advocate of this style.1950s >Gypsy jazzA style of jazz music often said to have been started by guitarist Jean "Django" Reinhardt in the 1930s. The style was originally called "hot club" or "hot jazz" and served an acoustic European interpretation of swing. The term "gypsy jazz" didn't appear until after the 1970s, when Sinti people adapted their folk music to emulate that of Django's.1930s/1970s >Hard bopIncorporated influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in saxophone and piano playing.1950s >Indo jazzFusion of jazz with Indian music (see also Sitar in jazz and Jazz in India).1950s >Jazz blues Although not a distinct style, this is typically used to refer to songs that include idiomatic "jazz" embellishments to the standard form, such as the use of extended harmony and chord substitutions. At a minimum, jazz blues usually include a ii–V progression in place of the simple V chord and a I–VI/vi–ii–V turnaround at the end of the form. Jazz funkJazz funk is a subgenre of jazz music characterized by a strong back beat (groove), electrified sounds, and an early prevalence of analog synthesizers. 1970s >Jazz fusionCombines elements of jazz and rock. Characterized by electronic instruments, riffs, and extended solos.1970s >Jazz poetry1920s >Jazz popJazz rapJazz rap is a fusion subgenre of hip hop music and jazz, developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The lyrics are often based on political consciousness, Afrocentrism, and general positivism.1980s >Jazz rockThe term "jazz rock" (or "jazz/rock") is often used as a synonym for the term "jazz fusion". 1960s >Jump blues1930s >Kansas City jazzKansas City jazz is a style of jazz that developed in Kansas City, Missouri and the surrounding Kansas City Metropolitan Area during the 1930s1930s >Latin jazzDraws heavily on salsa and merengue influences. Heavy use of percussion, including congas, timbales, bongos, guiros, and others. M Base1980s >Marabi1920s–1930sMainstream jazzA genre of jazz music that was first used in reference to the playing styles around the 1950s1950s >Modal jazzPioneered by Miles Davis, others. Characterized by use of modes, such as dorian modes. Neo bop jazzA comparatively accessible, "retro" genre that emerged in the 1980s as a stylistic reaction against free jazz and jazz fusion. Notably associated with Wynton Marsalis.1980s >Neo swingThe name given to the renewed interest in swing music from the 1930s and 40s. Many neo swing bands practiced contemporary fusions of swing, jazz, and jump blues with rock, punk rock, ska, and ska punk music or had roots in punk, ska, ska punk, and alternative rock music. 1990s >Jazz noirA form of slow or erratic contemporary jazz. Jazz noir (also known as "doom jazz" or "dark jazz") is noted for its often somber, mysterious or even sinister tone. It takes inspiration from film noir soundtracks and dark ambient music. Music that blends jazz elements with other musical styles, such as funk, soul, electronic dance music, and free improvisation.1990s >Orchestral jazzAlso known as "Symphonic Jazz"1920s >Post bopA genre of small combo jazz that assimilates hard bop, modal jazz, avant garde and free jazz without necessarily being immediately identifiable as any of those forms1960s >Punk jazzThe amalgamation of elements of the jazz tradition (usually free jazz and jazz fusion of the 1960s and 1970s) with the instrumentation or conceptual heritage of punk rock1970s >Ragtime1890s >Samba jazz1950s >Ska jazzMusic derived by fusing the melodic content of jazz with the rhythmic and harmonic content of early Jamaican Music introduced by the "Fathers of Ska" in the late 1950s. It is sometimes considered a subgenre of Third Wave Ska.1960s >Skiffle1950s >Smooth jazzIn general a smooth jazz track is downtempo (the most widely played tracks are in the 90–105 BPM range), layering a lead, melody playing instrument (saxophones – especially soprano and tenor – are the most popular, with guitars a close second) over a backdrop that typically consists of programmed rhythms and various synth pads and/or samples.1960s >Soul jazzDraws heavy influences from hard bop, blues, gospel, and rhythm and blues. It is often characterized by organ trios.1950s >Spiritual jazz1960s >Straight ahead jazzA form of Jazz created in the 1960s with roots from the previous two decades. It omits elements from rock music and free jazz that began to appear in this period, instead putting more emphasis on acoustic instruments and a more conventional sound. 1960s >Stride jazzA style of jazz piano which incorporates left hand techniques from ragtime music, except the left hand spans a greater distance on the keyboard. 1920s >SwingBig band arrangements, always swung. Pioneered by Duke Ellington, Count Basie, and Benny Goodman.1930s–1950sThird streamThe fusion of the jazz stream and classical stream.1950s >Trad jazzShort for "traditional jazz", refers to the Dixieland and ragtime jazz styles of the early 20th centuryWest Coast jazzA less frenetic, calmer style than hard bop, heavily arranged, and more often compositionally based subgenre of cool jazz.1950s–60s