Трасса 13 в северо-восточной Джорджии: История и современность

State highway in northeastern Georgia

State Route 13 (SR 13) is a 49.5 mile (80 km) state highway in the north central part of the U. S. state of Georgia, that travels through portions of Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, and Hall counties. It begins at West Peachtree Street and Spring Street (US 19/SR 9) just to the north of 17th Street in the northern part of Midtown Atlanta. The section south of Buckhead is a full freeway, from its southern terminus to Sidney Marcus Boulevard, built in 1953 as an extension of the Downtown Connector (built in 1952). This was later the original alignment of Interstate 85 (I 85; Northeast Expressway) through northeast Atlanta until 1985, when it was replaced by several lanes in each direction on a new roadway and viaduct immediately adjacent to it during the Freeing the Freeways construction boom. SR 13 ends at Jesse Jewell Parkway (SR 369) in Gainesville. The name changes from Buford Highway to Atlanta Highway at the northeast city limits of Buford. SR 13 once continued northeast past Gainesville, roughly along present SR 365, to the South Carolina state line on US 123.

SR 13 begins at an interchange with US 19/SR 9, which are aligned onto two one way streets: Spring Street NW southbound and Peachtree Street NE northbound. The highway starts heading west but curves around to the northeast along a section of freeway adjacent to I 85. A half interchange provides a shortcut for southbound traffic to Peachtree Street and from Peachtree Street to SR 13 north. The ramps provide a savings of by allowing vehicles to avoid the southernmost section of the connector. The connector itself avoids having exits with surface roads (Monroe Drive, Piedmont Road, and Sidney Marcus Boulevard) on the newer I 85 routing, aside from slip ramps between the old and new freeways. The portion of SR 13, from I 85 in the northwestern part of Atlanta to the I 285 interchange in Doraville, is part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility, and defense.

In the Atlanta metropolitan area, Buford Highway is a linear community made up of multiracial suburban neighborhoods and shopping centers. Similar to other Sun Belt cities, immigrants who relocated to Atlanta in the 20th and 21st centuries went straight to the suburbs, where residential and commercial real estate was affordable and where many second generation immigrant communities were already established. Along Buford Highway, there are few wholly distinct ethnic areas. The more than 1,000 immigrant owned businesses are owned by, and patronized by, a wide variety of ethnic groups, notably Korean, Mexican, Chinese, and Vietnamese, and also Indian/South Asian, Central American, Somalis, and Ethiopian. The DeKalb County Chamber of Commerce calls the area the "International Corridor." The Buford Highway community is home to one of the highest concentration of foreign born residents in the country, notably Mexican, Central American, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese. The area attracted many Latino workers during the construction boom that preceded the 1996 Summer Olympics. Asian business owners were attracted to the stretch of highway by cheap leases and reliable traffic flow. Buford Highway is, in most places in the corridor, a seven lane highway with no median and few sidewalks, a situation which is grossly mismatched with the heavy pedestrian traffic along and across the highway. During the mid 2010s, raised medians have replaced most of the center turn lane (which at one time was a reversible lane), and new crosswalks have been added between intersections. Most properties along the corridor are in the form of strip malls, retail businesses surrounded by large parking lots, and large apartment complexes. The largest strip malls are the Northeast Plaza, Plaza Fiesta and the Buford Highway Farmers Market complex. Northeast of Atlanta, Buford Highway is an international community spanning multiple counties including Fulton, Dekalb, and Gwinnett. The area generally spans along, and on either side of, a stretch of SR 13 in DeKalb County. It begins just north of Midtown Atlanta, continues northeast through the towns of Brookhaven, Chamblee, and Doraville, and ends 1.3 mile (2 km) northeast of the Atlanta Bypass at the DeKalb–Gwinnett county line.

Extending north of Buford, the name changes from "Buford Highway" to "Atlanta Highway" and continues to SR 369 in Gainesville. It is also a short hispanic corridor between Chicopee and SR 369.

SR 13 was established at least as early as 1919 from Lawrenceville north northwest to Buford, northeast to Gainesville and Cornelia, and east northeast to Toccoa. By the end of September 1921, it was extended south southeast from Lawrenceville to SR 45 in Loganville. It was also extended east northeast from Toccoa to the South Carolina state line. By October 1926, US 270 was designated on the Lawrenceville–Gainesville segment. A portion of the highway in the south southwest part of Gainesville had a "completed hard surface". By October 1929, US 270 was decommissioned, with US 19 being designated on the Lawrenceville–Gainesville segment instead. Three segments of SR 13 had a completed hard surface: from south southeast of Buford to Gainesville, from southwest of Baldwin to Cornelia, and the Stephens County portion of the Cornelia–Toccoa segment.

By the middle of 1930, the portion from Lawrenceville to the northeastern part of Gainesville was completed. Between November 1930 and the beginning of 1932, US 19 was shifted off of SR 13, with US 23 designated on the Lawrenceville–Cornelia segment. Two segments had a completed hard surface: the Gainesville–Baldwin and Cornelia–South Carolina segments. In January 1932, SR 13 was designated from US 19/SR 9 in Buckhead to Buford. The Loganville–Buford segment was redesignated as part of SR 20. Between November 1932 and May 1933, the southern part of the Buckhead–Buford segment had a completed hard surface. In the second quarter of 1935, a portion southwest of Buford was completed. Two years later, the entire Buckhead–Buford segment was completed. At the end of the year, the southern terminus of SR 13 was indicated to be at US 23/US 29/US 78/SR 8/SR 10/SR 12 (Ponce de Leon Avenue) in the southern part of Midtown Atlanta. SR 13 traveled on Piedmont Avenue to the north northeast and resumed its previous path. Between September 1938 and July 1939, US 23 was shifted onto the path of SR 13 from Atlanta to Buford.

Between November 1946 and February 1948, US 123 was designated on SR 13 from Cornelia to the South Carolina state line. In 1967, US 23 was shifted off of Piedmont Road and Cheshire Bridge Road to the east, onto SR 42. Two years later, US 23 was again shifted off of SR 13, from Sugar Hill to northeast of Gainesville. It was moved to the east, onto the newly constructed SR 365 freeway. A decade later, SR 365 was proposed to be extended from northeast of Gainesville to northwest of Cornelia. This extension was under construction. In 1980, US 23 was shifted off of Buford Highway, between North Druid Hills Road and Clairmont Road, to the east, onto SR 155. SR 365 was designated on US 23/SR 13 from northeast of Gainesville to north northwest of Alto. US 23/SR 13/SR 365, between Lula and northwest of Cornelia, was shifted westward, onto the previously proposed path of SR 365. The next year, US 23/SR 13/SR 365 from northeast of Gainesville to Lula was also shifted northward onto this path. In 1983, the southern terminus of SR 13 was truncated to the Cheshire Bridge Road interchange with I 85. Two years later, SR 13 was proposed to be extended along its current path to its current southern terminus. In 1986, this extension was built as a freeway. In 1988, SR 365 was proposed to be extended from just south of Demorest to just northeast of Boydville. The next year, SR 13 was shifted westward, onto a former proposed northern extension of SR 365 Bus. northeast of the city. SR 365 was extended east northeast from south southeast of Demorest to SR 115 south southeast of Hollywood. In 1991, the northern terminus of SR 13 was truncated to an interchange with I 985/US 23/SR 365 northeast of Gainesville. In 1997, the northern terminus was further truncated to its current point, with SR 369 extended along the former path in Gainesville. Buford Highway originated as a non descript state roadway connecting Atlanta and points northeast, including the then railroad towns of Chamblee and Doraville, as well as points farther north. The towns of Doraville, Chamblee, and Norcross had long been home to a blue collar, largely white, lower middle class population. The highway was characterized by strip mall development, and apartment complexes sprouted up in the 1960s and 1970s. The area attracted many Latino workers during the construction boom that preceded the 1996 Olympic Games. Asian business owners were attracted to the stretch of highway by cheap leases and reliable traffic flow. The program noted that in the previous ten years, 30 people had died and an additional 250 were injured while trying to cross Buford Highway, a rate three times higher than any other road in Georgia. Despite this, there were no plans to improve pedestrian safety in the unincorporated area of the corridor. Since then, improvements have been made, and the new city of Brookhaven has incorporated from Buford Highway northward. In 2017, the Interstate 85 bridge collapse temporarily closed the connector at Piedmont Road (SR 237) on the evening of March 30 as High density polyethylene conduit rolls stored under the newer viaduct burned, spewing black smoke and intense fire toward the southbound lanes. Since the connector is lower than the viaduct and only has a short bridge over the road itself, it was not damaged and was used by the Atlanta Fire Department to fight the massive blaze. The connector partially reopened two days later, its four total lanes being the only parallel route to stand in for the ten or more lanes which are now missing from the new freeway while it is being replaced.

Buford Highway is served by MARTA bus route 39 (Lindbergh Center station to Doraville) as well as privately run "jitneys", or minibuses. Since 1992, the Doraville MARTA metro rail station is also a block away from Buford Highway at the end of the Gold Line. Originally the North and then Northeast Line, MARTA's 2009 change to a color based system created controversy with the Asian community along the highway when it was to originally have become the Yellow Line.

The city of Chamblee, in which part of the Buford Highway community is located, is sometimes referred to as "Chambodia" due to its high Asian population and the concentration of Asian restaurants along Buford Highway in Chamblee. A chapter of Tom Wolfe's novel A Man in Full is titled "Chambodia".

State Route 13 Connector (SR 13 Conn.) was a connector route of SR 13 that existed in Stephens County, south of Toccoa. In 1985, it was proposed to be designated from US 123/SR 13/SR 184 just northeast of Boydville to SR 17 east southeast of Toccoa. The next year, it was actually established on this proposed path. In 1991, the path of SR 17 was shifted southward, replacing SR 13 Conn.