Первый национальный съезд Республиканской партии (1856)

Political nominating convention

The 1856 Republican National Convention was a presidential nominating convention that met from June 17 to June 19, 1856, at Musical Fund Hall at 808 Locust Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the first national nominating convention of the Republican Party, founded two years earlier in 1854. It was held to nominate the party's candidates for president and vice president in the 1856 election. The convention selected former John C. Frémont, a United States Senator from California, for president, and former Senator William L. Dayton of New Jersey for vice president. The convention also appointed members of the newly established Republican National Committee. The Republican Party had been organized by opponents of the expansion of slavery in the territories following the passage of the 1854 Kansas–Nebraska Act. With William Seward, Salmon P. Chase, and Charles Sumner all taking their names out of consideration, Frémont entered the Republican convention as the front runner for the presidential nomination. Frémont had previously been nominated by the North American Party, which consisted of anti slavery members of the American Party who were unwilling to support the American Party candidate, Millard Fillmore. Though Associate Justice John McLean of Ohio had the backing of some delegates, Frémont clinched the presidential nomination on the first formal ballot of the Republican convention. Dayton was nominated on the first formal vice presidential ballot, defeating former Congressman Abraham Lincoln of Illinois and several other candidates. The Republican ticket carried several Northern states in the general election, but the Democratic ticket of James Buchanan and John C. Breckinridge won the 1856 election.

On June 19, 1855, a small gathering of like minded individuals met in Washington, D. C. where they passed a resolution noting the recent abrogation of "all compromises, real or imaginary" by the opening of Kansas Territory and Nebraska Territory to the possible institution of slavery. These proclaimed themselves the "Republican Association of Washington, District of Columbia" and passed a simple four plank platform including the demand that "There should be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except for the punishment of crime, in any of the Territories of the United States." A number of state organizations were soon established along similar lines and the Republican Party was effectively born. On January 17, 1856, representatives of Republican Party organizations in Ohio, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin, all Northern states in which slavery was prohibited, issued a joint call for an "informal Convention" to be held in Pittsburgh, on February 22, 1856, in order to perfect the national organization and to call a formal, properly delegated national convention to nominate candidates for President and Vice President of the United States for the forthcoming November 1856 election. One speaker from Kansas was Samuel Newitt Wood who was central to all of the Bleeding Kansas events and according to The New York Times was the "lion of the evening." The 22 member Republican National Committee, which included one representative from each state attending the Pittsburgh Convention, met in plenary session on March 27, 1856, at the Willard Hotel in Washington, D. C., and issued a call for a formal presidential nominating convention. This was slated to begin on June 17, 1856, in Philadelphia. + Convention vote Presidential Ballots 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Vice Presidential Ballot Nathaniel P. Banks 43 48 46 47 46 45 51 50 50 53 0 William F. Johnston 59 John C. Frémont 34 36 37 37 31 29 29 27 28 18 92 Thomas Ford 16 John McLean 19 10 2 29 33 40 41 40 30 24 0 John C. Frémont 12 Robert F. Stockton 14 20 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scattering 21 William F. Johnston 6 1 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scattering 5 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0

The first Republican National Convention was held in the Musical Fund Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on June 17–19, 1856. It was led by Robert Emmet as temporary chairman and Henry S. Lane as the permanent chairman. The convention approved an anti slavery platform that called for congressional sovereignty in the territories, an end to polygamy in Mormon settlements, and federal assistance for a transcontinental railroad. Kentucky was the only southern state to have a delegation at the convention.