Кананеа: История, культура и климат

On October 31, 1901, the area became a municipality with Cananea town as its seat. On July 11, 1957, Cananea town became a city.

The Cananea jail was built in 1903 and is located in downtown Cananea. It was the first public jail of the city and is currently a museum "Museo de la Lucha Obrera" with exhibitions of photographs and instruments used in mining. La carcel de Cananea or The Cananea Jail song is a corrido that has become part of the culture of Cananea and the state of Sonora. It describes the experiences of a man accused of murdering Chinese immigrants while at this jail. According to historian Rodolfo Rascón, a man called Francisco, nicknamed El Cucharón de Batuc ("The Big Spoon of Batuc"), wrote the song in 1917.

The municipality of Cananea has a sub humid Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), with an average monthly maximum temperature of 74.3 °F (23.5 °C) in the months of June to September and an average monthly minimum of 45.3 °F (7.4 °C) in December and January; the average annual temperature is 59.5 °F (15.3 °C). Atypically for the Mediterranean climate type, the dry season occurs in spring and early summer, whereas the rainy season is in mid/late summer and autumn. Through winter the rains are less intense, but of longer duration. Called “equipatas”, they can fall in the form of snow. In the months of February, March, and April there are frequent frosts, hailstorms, and occasional snowstorms. Precipitation averages at annually.

The Heroic City of Cananea, which serves as the head of the municipality, is the seat of local government. Its council is made up of a municipal president (mayor), a trustee, six councilors elected by majority vote and four by proportional representation. Each serves a three year term. The total of all terms for a person cannot exceed six years.

1901 1903 Manuel Larrañaga 1903 1905 Ignacio Macmanus 1905 1907 Filiberto Barroso 1907 1910 Eduardo R. Arnold 1910 1911 José Clemente Arnold 1911 1912 Ignacio L. Pesqueira 1912 1918 Manuel M. Diéguez 1918 1920 Florentino Rocha 1920 1921 Julian S. González 1922 1923 Salvador Taylor 1923 1924 José Figueroa 1923 1924 José Figueroa 1924 1925 Ramón R. González 1925 1927 Dolores Romero 1927 1928 Ramón R. González 1928 1929 Maximiliano Zuñiga 1929 1931 Dolores Romero 1931 1933 Juan Caro 1933 1935 Ignacio F. Loaiza 1935 1937 Ramón C. Meneses 1937 1939 Jesús M. Molinares 1939 1941 Alberto Matti 1941 1943 José F. Payán 1943 1946 Jesús González y González 1946 1949 Jesús R. Juvera 1949 1952 Ramón Guerrero 1952 1954 Antonio Fernandez Ruíz 1954 1955 Rogelio Castro Cuen 1955 1958 Fidel Sánchez Márquez 1958 1961 Ramón Millanez 1961 1964 Jesús Burrola Tolano 1964 1967 Victor Manuel Tapia Berkowitz 1967 1970 Edmundo Navarro Parra 1970 1973 Roberto Elzy Torres 1973 1976 Jesús Ahumada Barreda 1976 1979 Héctor Lavander León 1979 1982 Roberto Torres Carbajal 1982 1985 Gildardo Monge Reyes 1985 1988 Rafael Carrillo Monzón 1988 1991 Francisco Javier Taddei Taddei 1991 1994 Gildardo Monge Escárcega 1994 1997 Héctor René Tagles Zavala 1997 2000 Francisco García Gamez 2000 2003 Mario César Cuen Aranda 2003 2006 Francisco García Gamez 2006 2009 Luis Carlos Cha Flores 2009 2012 Jesús Reginaldo Moreno García 2012 2015 Francisco Javier Tarazón Curlango 2015 2018 Fernando Herrera Moreno 2018 2021 Eduardo Quiroga Jiménez 2021 2024 Eduardo Quiroga Jiménez

Mining is the main source of revenue for Cananea and will be for the foreseeable future. Eighty percent of the population is directly or indirectly supported by mining companies in Cananea. The first and most important mining company is Buenavista del Cobre, S. A. de C. V. (formerly Mexicana de Cananea, S. A. de C. V.) owned by the Southern Copper Corporation, and still shares ownership with Grupo Mexico, S. A. B. de C. V. The Buenavista open pit copper mine in Sonora, Mexico is one of the biggest porphyry copper deposits in the world. Producing since 1899, it is the oldest operating copper mine in North America. The deposit was mined exclusively through underground methods until the Anaconda Copper Mining Company started open pit operations in the early 1940s. Grupo Mexico has continuously expanded the Buenavista operation since it acquired the property for US$475m in 1990. The Buenavista mine produced 965 million pounds (Mlbs) of copper in 2019 which accounted for approximately 44% of Southern Copper’s total copper production during the year. The mine also produces silver and molybdenum as by products. Cananea is among the world's largest copper mines in terms of reserves. The building of a concentrator with an annual production capacity of 100,000 tons of zinc and 20,000 extra tons of copper has already started at the Buenavista Zinc project in Cananea, Sonora. The project has a total budget of US$416 million, of which the majority has already been invested. The engineering study was also finished, and the project has all the required permits. The new concentrator will increase the capacity of producing zinc once the project is operational and provide more than 2,000 operating jobs. Operations should start in the second half of 2023. A miners strike at the Buenavista del Cobre mine lasted almost three years, until broken on the night of June 6, 2010, when Mexican police dispersed striking workers. On June 6, 2011, the Confederation of Mexican Workers (“CTM”) was granted the collective bargaining agreement for the Buenavista union, replacing the miner's National Union of Mining and Metallurgical Workers Sindicate, Section No.65 (Labor Union), headed by Napoleón Gómez Urrutia. The second and smaller active copper mine is "Minera Maria", owned by Minera Frisco, S. A. B. de C. V. a Mexican company controlled by Carlos Slim Helú and family, including Inmobiliaria Carso, S. A. de C. V. and located west of Cananea. The plant has an installed monthly production capacity of 2,500 tons of copper cathode.

Light industry is the second most important activity in the local economy, generating approximately 3,100 jobs. A modest industrial park north of the town comprises an area of There are several companies operating as maquiladoras. The most important are "Fullfillment Systems de México", "Stewart Connectors Systems de Mexico", "Datacenter del Norte", "Customer Specific Cables". In other section they have "Fundidora de Cananea, S. A. ", a manufacturer of ball mill liners, and "Road Machinery Company de México, S. A. "—which all aforementioned companies together provide approximately 600 jobs and are involved in diverse activities, from cable assembly to steel fabrication. The intent to open a concrete products industrial park north of Cananea was announced in January 2018 by Ing. Glenn Edward Roy E. of "Ferrocret", a conglomerate that shall produce all manner of precast concrete products such as: hydro conduit; walls, floors, and ceilings of affordable housing; drycast concrete pavers; cinder block; concrete railway sleepers. The factories will utilise proprietary fast cure concrete formulations in combination with the abundant nearly free of cost copper slag "escoria"—an aggregate alternative to expensive riverbed mined gravel. Over one hundred years of mining activities at Cananea have generated huge manmade mountains of copper slag thereby providing an ideal, low cost alternative for supplying graded aggregates for inclusion within those various precast concrete products. Precast concrete products manufacturing promises to become a major industry in the region, and one which shall lessen the dependence of the Cananea job force on a local economy that historically solely has been dependent upon the mines remaining open.

Cattle raising is important and there were approximately 16,000 head in the last census. Farming consists mainly of corn, potatoes, beans, sorghum, alfalfa, barley, and apples. Most of these crops are used for local consumption and cattle fodder. The infrastructure consists of 30 wells, equipped with a system of electrical motors, and 10 kilometers (6 mi) of reinforced canals used for irrigation.