Введение
Сион Миллс – деревня к югу от Страбана в графстве Тайрон, Северная Ирландия, на реке Морн. По переписи 2001 года население составляло 2050 человек. Это обсаженная деревьями промышленная деревня, являющаяся охраняемой территорией и особенно богатая архитектурным наследием. Деревня Сион Миллс была основана семьей Хердман в 1835 году. Семья владела льняной фабрикой в деревне. Вторая часть названия – английское слово "mill" (мельница). Сион Миллс был спроектирован братьями Хердман – Джеймсом, Джоном и Джорджем – как образцовая льняная деревня. В 1835 году они переоборудовали старую мукомольную мельницу на реке Морн в прядильную фабрику, а в 1850-х годах построили за ней более крупное здание. Река Морн обеспечивала энергией промышленное оборудование здесь с 1640 года; согласно данным земельных кадастров середины XVII века, здесь же находилась и бывшая кукурузная мельница. После покупки участка братьями Хердман в 1853 году, архитектурная компания Lanyon, Lynn and Lanyon была нанята для расширения комплекса. Мельница была построена из серого камня-тесаника, добываемого в местном карьере в Дуглас-Бридж, и спроектирована как огнеупорное здание. Строителем мельницы был Джон МакКракен. Мельница открылась в 1835 году и работала до 2004 года. Образцовая деревня, созданная семьей Хердман, также включала в себя развлекательные учреждения для местных жителей, такие как общественный центр, клубы по крикету, боулингу и футболу. Эти учреждения сохранились до наших дней, например, крикетные традиции Сион Миллс. Сион Миллс использовался в качестве места празднования победы ирландской команды над сборной командой Вест-Индии в июле 1969 года. Братья Хердман были религиозными людьми и построили церкви. В течение первых 30 лет Джеймс Хердман бил в барабан, чтобы созывать людей на церковную службу. Церковь располагалась в переоборудованном здании в деревне, где собирались все жители. Работы и теории Роберта Оуэна оказали значительное влияние на развитие Сион Миллс и образцовой деревни. Роберт Оуэн продвигал экспериментальные социалистические общины и превратил деревню Нью-Ланарк в образцовое сообщество в начале 1800-х годов. Нью-Ланарк обеспечивал высокие стандарты условий труда, образование и магазины с доступными качественными продуктами питания. Нью-Ланарк стал образцом для промышленных общин в XIX и XX веках по всему миру, в том числе и для Сион Миллс. Братья Хердман, как и Оуэн, верили в образование не только детей, но и взрослых, и организовывали вечерние занятия для взрослых. Они также уделяли большое внимание досугу и талантам: в 1842 году в деревне был музыкальный ансамбль, а Джордж Хердман организовал уроки пения для девушек, работавших на мельнице.
Sion Mills is a village to the south of Strabane in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, on the River Mourne. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 2,050 people. It is a tree lined industrial village and designated conservation area, particularly rich in architectural heritage. The village of Sion Mills was established by the Herdman family in 1835. The family operated a linen production mill in the village. The second part of the name is the English "mill". Sion Mills was laid out as a model linen village by the Herdman brothers, James, John and George. In 1835 they converted an old flour mill on the River Mourne into a flax spinning mill, and erected a bigger mill behind it in the 1850s. The River Mourne has powered industrial machinery here since 1640, according to civil surveys from the mid 17th century this was also the site of a former corn mill. After the site was bought in 1853 by The Herdman Brothers, the architectural company Lanyon, Lynn and Lanyon were hired to extend the compound. The mill was built with grey ashlar stone which was quarried locally in Douglas Bridge, the building was designed as a fireproof mill. The builder of the mill was John McCracken. The mill opened in 1835 and worked until 2004. The model village which was created by the Herdman family also incorporated recreational amenities for locals such as a community centre, cricket, bowling and football clubs. These amenities can still be seen today for example, the Sion Mills cricket tradition, Sion Mills was used as the venue to celebrate when the Irish team beat a west Indian touring team in July 1969. The Herdman brothers were religious, and built Churches. For the first 30 years James Herdman used to beat a drum to call the people to church. The church was a converted building in the village were everyone gathered. The work and theories of Robert Owen had a major influence on the development of Sion Mills and the model village. Robert Owen promoted experimental socialistic communities and transformed the village of New Lanark into a model community in the early 1800s, New Lanark provided high standard working conditions, education and shops which provided affordable good quality food. New Lanark became a model for industrial communities in the 19th and 20th centuries around the world for example, Sion Mills. The Herdman brothers, like Owen, believed in education for not only children but for adults too, they provided evening classes for adults. They also placed an emphasis on recreational activities and talent, in 1842 there was a village band and George Herdman provided singing classes for the girls who worked in the Mill
99.90% were from the white (including Irish Traveller) ethnic group;
63.29% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion and 35.55% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion
34.66% indicated that they had a British national identity, 33.56% had an Irish national identity and 36.76% had a Northern Irish national identity
99,90% населения принадлежали к белой этнической группе (включая ирландских кочевников);
63,29% исповедуют католическую религию или были воспитаны в католической вере, а 35,55% исповедуют протестантскую или другую христианскую религию (включая связанные с христианством);
34,66% идентифицируют себя как британцы, 33,56% – как ирландцы, а 36,76% – как жители Северной Ирландии.
Sion Mills is a village to the south of Strabane in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, on the River Mourne. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 2,050 people. It is a tree lined industrial village and designated conservation area, particularly rich in architectural heritage. The village of Sion Mills was established by the Herdman family in 1835. The family operated a linen production mill in the village. The second part of the name is the English "mill". Sion Mills was laid out as a model linen village by the Herdman brothers, James, John and George. In 1835 they converted an old flour mill on the River Mourne into a flax spinning mill, and erected a bigger mill behind it in the 1850s. The River Mourne has powered industrial machinery here since 1640, according to civil surveys from the mid 17th century this was also the site of a former corn mill. After the site was bought in 1853 by The Herdman Brothers, the architectural company Lanyon, Lynn and Lanyon were hired to extend the compound. The mill was built with grey ashlar stone which was quarried locally in Douglas Bridge, the building was designed as a fireproof mill. The builder of the mill was John McCracken. The mill opened in 1835 and worked until 2004. The model village which was created by the Herdman family also incorporated recreational amenities for locals such as a community centre, cricket, bowling and football clubs. These amenities can still be seen today for example, the Sion Mills cricket tradition, Sion Mills was used as the venue to celebrate when the Irish team beat a west Indian touring team in July 1969. The Herdman brothers were religious, and built Churches. For the first 30 years James Herdman used to beat a drum to call the people to church. The church was a converted building in the village were everyone gathered. The work and theories of Robert Owen had a major influence on the development of Sion Mills and the model village. Robert Owen promoted experimental socialistic communities and transformed the village of New Lanark into a model community in the early 1800s, New Lanark provided high standard working conditions, education and shops which provided affordable good quality food. New Lanark became a model for industrial communities in the 19th and 20th centuries around the world for example, Sion Mills. The Herdman brothers, like Owen, believed in education for not only children but for adults too, they provided evening classes for adults. They also placed an emphasis on recreational activities and talent, in 1842 there was a village band and George Herdman provided singing classes for the girls who worked in the Mill
99.90% were from the white (including Irish Traveller) ethnic group;
63.29% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion and 35.55% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion
34.66% indicated that they had a British national identity, 33.56% had an Irish national identity and 36.76% had a Northern Irish national identity
Спорт
Сион Миллс славится богатыми традициями игры в крикет и стал местом исторической победы ирландской сборной над командой Вест-Индии в июле 1969 года. Крикетный клуб «Сион Миллс» выступает в Северо-Западной высшей лиге.
Транспорт
Железнодорожная станция Сион Миллс была открыта 9 мая 1852 года и закрыта 15 февраля 1965 года.