Ирландские и шотландские волынки: история и разновидности

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Uilleann pipes: Also known as Union pipes and Irish pipes, depending on era. Bellows blown bagpipe with keyed or un keyed 2 octave chanter, 3 drones and 3 regulators. The most common type of bagpipes in Irish traditional music. Great Irish Warpipes: One of the earliest references to the Irish bagpipes comes from an account of the funeral of Donnchadh mac Ceallach, king of Osraige in AD 927. Bagpipes were a noted instrument in Irish warfare since medieval times, but only became standardized in Irish regiments in the British Army in the last century, when the Great Highland Bagpipe became standard. The Warpipe differed from the latter only in having a single tenor drone. Irish warpipes fell out of use for centuries due to the British outlawing them; whence the Scottish bagpipes took the place of the Irish bagpipes role in the British army. Warpipes today are rarer specialty instruments in military and civilian pipe bands, or private players. Brian Boru bagpipes: Carried by the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and had three drones, one of which was a baritone, pitched between bass and tenor. Unlike the chanter of the Great Highland Bagpipe, its chanter is keyed, allowing for a greater tonal range. Pastoral pipes: Although the exact origin of this keyed, or un keyed chanter and keyed drones (regulators), pipe is uncertain, it developed into the modern uilleann bagpipe.

Great Highland Bagpipe: This is perhaps the world's best known bagpipe. It is native to Scotland. It has acquired widespread recognition through its usage in the British military and in pipe bands throughout the world. The bagpipe is first attested in Scotland around 1400, having previously appeared in European artwork in Spain in the 13th century. The earliest references to bagpipes in Scotland are in a military context, and it is in that context that the Great Highland bagpipe became established in the British military and achieved the widespread prominence it enjoys today. Border pipes: also called the "Lowland bagpipe" or "reel pipes", commonly confused with smallpipes, but louder. Played in the Lowlands of Scotland it is conically bored, made mostly from African blackwood like Highland pipes. Some makers have developed fully chromatic chanters. Scottish smallpipes: a modern re interpretation of an extinct instrument. Pastoral pipes: Although the exact origin of this keyed, or un keyed chanter and keyed drones (regulators), pipe is uncertain, it developed into the modern uilleann bagpipe. Zetland pipes: a reconstruction of pipes believed to have been brought to the Shetland Islands by the Vikings, though not clearly historically attested.

Säkkipilli: The Finnish bagpipes died out but have been revived since the late 20th century by musicians such as Petri Prauda. Pilai: a Finnish bagpipe, described in 18th century texts as similar to the Ukrainian volynka.

Torupill: an Estonian bagpipe with one single reeded chanter and 1 3 drones. MP3

Dūdas: Latvian bagpipe, with single reed chanter and one drone.

Dūdmaišis, or murenka, kūlinė, Labanoro dūda. A bagpipe native to Lithuania, with a single reed chanter and one drone.

Säckpipa: Also the Swedish word for "bagpipe" in general, the name is commonly used for the revived Swedish bagpipe, based on surviving säckpipor of the Dalarna region. It has a cylindrical bore and a single reed, and usually a single drone in the same pitch as the bottom note of the chanter. There are around 20 surviving historical instruments in various museums and private collections. Walpipe, according to some 19th century anglophone sources a type of bagpipe used alongside "the Sakpipe" in Lapland during the 18th and 19th centuries. The only known description, as well as the name, in addition to it not being mentioned in any Swedish sources, suggests it's not a bagpipe but another name for the Swedish cowhorn.

Duda or Mutsianka are the names of a Belarusian bagpipes.

Volynka (Волынка) is a Russian bagpipe.

Duda (Дуда) is a Ukrainian bagpipe.

Gaita is a generic term for "bagpipe" in Castilian (Spanish), Portuguese, Basque, Asturian Leonese, Galician, Catalan and Aragonese, for distinct bagpipes used across the northern regions of Spain and Portugal and in the Balearic Islands. In the south of Spain and Portugal, the term is applied to a number of other woodwind instruments, a trait that the moroccan ghaita also shares, since its name origin comes from the southern iberian peninsula. Just like the term "Northumbrian smallpipes" or "Great Highland bagpipes", each region attributes its toponym to the respective gaita name. Most of them have a conical chanter with a partial second octave, obtained by overblowing. Folk groups playing these instruments have become popular in recent years, and pipe bands have been formed in some traditions. Gaita alistana: played in Aliste, Zamora, north western Spain. Gaita asturiana: native to Asturias, north western Spain. Very similar to the gaita galega but of heavier construction with an increased capability for octave jumps and chromatic notes. Gaita de boto: native to Aragon, distinctive for its tenor drone running parallel to the chanter. Gaita cabreiresa (or gaita llionesa): an extinct but revived pipe native to León. Galician gaita: traditional bagpipe used in Galicia, north west Spain and the Minho river valley, northern Portugal. Gaita de saco: native to Soria, La Rioja, Álava, and Burgos in northwestern central Spain. Possibly the same as the lost gaita de fuelle of Old Castile. Gaita sanabresa: played in Puebla de Sanabria, in the Zamora province of north western Spain. Gaita de foles mirandesa or gaita transmontana: native to the Miranda do Douro, Vimioso, Mogadouro and Braganza in Tras os Montes region, northern Portugal. Gaita de fole Coimbrã: native to Coimbra in Beira Litoral region, center Portugal. Odrecillo: a small medieval bagpipe, with or without drones. Sac de gemecs: used in Catalonia (north eastern Spain). Xeremies: played in the island of Majorca, accompanying the flabiol and drum.

Schweizer Sackpfeife (Swiss bagpipe): In Switzerland, the Sackpfiffe was a common instrument in the folk music from the Middle Ages to the early 18th century, documented by iconography and in written sources. It had one or two drones and one chanter with double reeds.

Tulum or Tulug : double chantered, droneless bagpipe native to Azerbaijan. Used to be common in Nakhchivan, Karabakh and Gazakh. Now only used in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Sometimes used alongside Balaban.

Gudastviri : A double chantered horn tipped bagpipe played in Georgia. Also called a chiboni or stviri.

Jirba (جربة): a type of double chantered droneless bagpipe, primarily played by the ethnic Iranian minority of Bahrain.

Habbān ( هبان): a generic term covering several types of bagpipes, including traditional Bedouin bagpipes in Kuwait, and a modern version of the Great Highland Bagpipes played in Oman.

Zukra (زكرة): famous in Libya bagpipe with a double chanter terminating in two cow horns.

Mizwad (مِزْود; plural مَزاود mazāwid): Tunisian bagpipe with a double chanter terminating in two cow horns.