Вымершие животные Южной Америки в голоцене

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This list of South American animals extinct in the Holocene features animals known to have become extinct in the last 12,000 years on the South American continent. The list includes animal extinctions in the Galápagos, Falklands, and other islands near the continent, but not Easter Island (politically part of Chile) which is considered in the List of Oceanian animals extinct in the Holocene, nor Caribbean islands which are on the List of Antillian and Bermudan animals extinct in the Holocene. Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information.

Scientific nameRangeCommentsPicturesPeltocephalus maturinMadeira River, BrazilOnly known from a lower jaw dated to 12385 7060 BCE, roughly coinciding with the time when the area was first reached by Paleo Amerindians.

Common nameScientific nameRangeCommentsPicturesPinta Island tortoiseChelonoidis niger abingdoniiPinta, Galápagos Islands, EcuadorThe last wild individual (Lonesome George) was captured in 1972 and died in Santa Cruz's Tortoise Center in 2012, but hybrid descendants survive in northern Isabela Island. Declined due to hunting and habitat destruction by grazing feral goats. Floreana giant tortoiseChelonoidis niger nigerFloreana, Galápagos Islands, EcuadorDisappeared from the wild in the mid 19th century, though hybrids survive in captivity and in northern Isabela Island. Likely extinct due to hunting and the impact of introduced mammals including pigs, dogs, cats, goats, donkeys, cattle, black rats and house mice. Santa Fe Island tortoiseChelonoidis niger 'Santa Fe Island'Santa Fe, Galápagos Islands, EcuadorUndescribed lineage, known from subfossil bones.

Common nameScientific nameRangeCommentsMaracay harlequin frogAtelopus vogliGüey River, Aragua, VenezuelaLast collected in 1957. Its habitat was destroyed by agriculture.

Common nameScientific nameRangeCommentsGreen and red venter harlequin toadAtelopus pinangoiNear Piñango, Mérida, VenezuelaLast recorded in 1997. Declined due to chytridiomycosis, habitat loss caused by logging and ranching, introduced trout, and climate change.

Common nameScientific nameRangeCommentsSpiny knee leaf frogPhrynomedusa fimbriataSao Paulo and Paraná states, BrazilLast collected in the 1950s. Extinct due to air pollution and infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Common nameScientific nameRangeCommentsChile Darwin's frogRhinoderma rufumValparaíso and Biobío, ChileLast recorded in 1981. The cause of decline is unknown but chytridiomycosis has been suggested.

Common nameScientific nameRangeCommentsAragua robber frogPristimantis anotisHenri Pittier National Park, Aragua, VenezuelaLast collected in 1974. The cause of decline is unknown, though chytridiomycosis is present in the area.

Common nameScientific nameRangeCommentsPicturesGreasefishRhizosomichthys totaeTota Lake, ColombiaLast collected in 1958. Possibly extinct due to exotic fish introductions (Eremophilus mutisii, Grundulus bogotensis, Carassius auratus, Oncorhynchus mykiss) and chemical pollution caused by agriculture.

Common nameScientific nameRangeCommentsPicturesTiticaca orestiasOrestias cuvieriLake TiticacaThe causes of decline are unknown.

Common nameScientific nameRangeCommentsPicturesGalápagos damselAzurina eupalamaGalápagos Islands, EcuadorLast recorded during the 1982 83 El Niño event, which warmed the waters it inhabited and killed off the plankton on which it fed.

Common nameScientific nameRangeComments24 rayed sunstarHeliaster solarisGalápagos Islands, EcuadorLast recorded during the 1982 83 El Niño event.

Scientific nameRangeCommentsPicturesMegadytes ducalisCondeúba, Bahia, BrazilOnly known from individuals collected in the 19th century. Meridiorhantus orbignyiArgentina and Brazil

Common nameScientific nameRangeComments PicturesCaribbean monk seal nasal miteHalarachne americanaCaribbean SeaExtinct with its host.