Введение
Тропическое растение-кувшинка, эндемичное для Борнео. Nepenthes mollis (от лат. mollis = мягкий; название связано с опушением из волосков), или бархатная кувшинка, – единственный признанный вид рода Nepenthes, у которого кувшины неизвестны. В 2019 году Global Wildlife Conservation объявила о повторном обнаружении этого вида. Места обитания N. mollis характеризуются как густой лес на крутом склоне на высоте 1800 м. Вид известен только с горы Кемул – типичного местонахождения, хотя более широкое распространение возможно, поскольку несколько более высоких соседних гор остаются неисследованными. Чарльз Кларк предполагает, что он может встречаться в мшистых лесах. Никаких внутривидовых таксонов этого вида не описано. Nepenthes mollis был официально описан в 1928 году Б. Х. Дансером в его основополагающей монографии «Непентацеи Нидерландской Индии». Дансер писал об этом виде:
Nepenthes mollis (/n//ᵻ/'/p//ɛ//n//θ//iː//z// /'/m//ɒ//l//ɪ//s/; from Latin: mollis = soft; referring to the covering of hairs), or the velvet pitcher plant, and is the sole recognised species in the genus Nepenthes of which the pitchers are unknown. In 2019 Global Wildlife Conservation announced the rediscovery of the species. The habitat of N. mollis is listed as dense forest on a steep slope at an elevation of 1,800 m. The species is only known from Mount Kemul, the type locality, although a wider distribution is possible, as several higher neighbouring mountains remain unexplored. Charles Clarke suggests that it may occur in mossy forest. No infraspecific taxa of this species have been described. Nepenthes mollis was formally described in 1928 by B. H. Danser in his seminal monograph "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies". Danser wrote of this species:
All parts of the plant are covered in an indumentum of very dense brown hairs. The stem has a velvety coating of dense, coarse, brown, spreading hairs. These hairs are up to 2 mm long, some being shorter and branched, others longer and unbranched. A similar, though longer and much denser, covering of hairs exists on younger parts of the stem and near the axils, on the underside and top of the midrib, and on the undeveloped pitchers. The underside of the leaves is densely hirsute and bears short branched and longer unbranched, softer hairs. The upper surface is also densely hirsute, but has short, simple, whitish hairs. The peduncle and axis are entirely covered in an indumentum of red brown hairs. The partial peduncles, sepals, and staminal column bear short, crisp hairs. In Nepenthes of Borneo, Charles Clarke notes that "from Fig. 14 in Danser (1928), [N. mollis] looks somewhat like N. hirsuta", although he states that it seems to be larger than that species.
Все части растения покрыты густым опушением из коричневых волосков. Стебель имеет бархатистое покрытие из плотных, грубых, коричневых, расходящихся волосков. Эти волоски достигают 2 мм в длину, некоторые короче и разветвленные, другие длиннее и неразветвленные. Подобное, хотя и более длинное и более плотное, опушение присутствует на более молодых частях стебля и в пазухах листьев, на нижней и верхней сторонах центральной жилки, а также на неразвитых кувшинах. Нижняя сторона листьев густо опушена и имеет короткие разветвленные и длинные неразветвленные, мягкие волоски. Верхняя поверхность также густо опушена, но имеет короткие, простые, беловатые волоски. Цветоножка и ось полностью покрыты опушением из красно-коричневых волосков. Частичные цветоножки, чашелистики и цветоножный столбик покрыты короткими, ломкими волосками. В книге «Непентесы Борнео» Чарльз Кларк отмечает, что «судя по рис. 14 в Danser (1928), [N. mollis] несколько напоминает N. hirsuta», хотя он утверждает, что, по-видимому, этот вид крупнее.
Nepenthes mollis (/n//ᵻ/'/p//ɛ//n//θ//iː//z// /'/m//ɒ//l//ɪ//s/; from Latin: mollis = soft; referring to the covering of hairs), or the velvet pitcher plant, and is the sole recognised species in the genus Nepenthes of which the pitchers are unknown. In 2019 Global Wildlife Conservation announced the rediscovery of the species. The habitat of N. mollis is listed as dense forest on a steep slope at an elevation of 1,800 m. The species is only known from Mount Kemul, the type locality, although a wider distribution is possible, as several higher neighbouring mountains remain unexplored. Charles Clarke suggests that it may occur in mossy forest. No infraspecific taxa of this species have been described. Nepenthes mollis was formally described in 1928 by B. H. Danser in his seminal monograph "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies". Danser wrote of this species:
All parts of the plant are covered in an indumentum of very dense brown hairs. The stem has a velvety coating of dense, coarse, brown, spreading hairs. These hairs are up to 2 mm long, some being shorter and branched, others longer and unbranched. A similar, though longer and much denser, covering of hairs exists on younger parts of the stem and near the axils, on the underside and top of the midrib, and on the undeveloped pitchers. The underside of the leaves is densely hirsute and bears short branched and longer unbranched, softer hairs. The upper surface is also densely hirsute, but has short, simple, whitish hairs. The peduncle and axis are entirely covered in an indumentum of red brown hairs. The partial peduncles, sepals, and staminal column bear short, crisp hairs. In Nepenthes of Borneo, Charles Clarke notes that "from Fig. 14 in Danser (1928), [N. mollis] looks somewhat like N. hirsuta", although he states that it seems to be larger than that species.
Возможное повторное открытие
В 1999 году Брюс Салмон опубликовал статью под названием «Nepenthes mollis (Nepenthaceae) — заново открыт?» в бюллетене «Новости о плотоядных растениях». В статье Салмон описывает мужские экземпляры неопределенного вида Nepenthes, обозначенного как N. sp., собранные на горе Лумарку на высоте 1700 м в «высоком густом лесу на открытом гребне». Основываясь на близких морфологических сходствах и вероятном географическом перекрытии ареалов, он предполагает, что неопределенный таксон может представлять собой N. mollis. Салмон сравнивает их следующим образом:
While describing the stems and leaves [of N. sp.] I came across a drawing of N. mollis in Danser's monograph (Danser, 1928). It looked exactly like the pressed specimen that I had in front of me. I then began to compare the two and found that they matched exactly, including the hairiness, except for the following differences. N. mollis N. sp. Leaf Base: Decurrent into 2 wings, 1 cm broad at the top, 4 6 cm long, gradually attenuate. Decurrent for 1 2 cm. Pedicels: Without bract. Bract originating from the base of the pedicel 3 4 mm long. To bring these differences into perspective, remember that the differences above are both from pressed herbarium specimens and that Danser never saw a live specimen of N. mollis. In living specimens of N. sp. the base of the leaf is petiolate in the lower 4 5 cm with the leaf edges curled upwards. When pressed they are flattened and the leaf is narrowly lanceolate as in Danser's drawing of N. mollis. The leaf sheathing on pressed plants of N. sp. is also flattened and looks decurrent instead. Without reference to a living plant you would be none the wiser. Could this be the same with Danser's N. mollis specimen? The degree of supposed leaf decurrence and the bracts on the pedicels can be explained by natural variation within the range of this species. There are enough high mountains between those that contain N. sp. (G. Lumarku, G. Murud, Meligan Range) in the northwest and N. mollis (G. Kemul) in the southeast to provide a link between the two. Salmon also notes that the growth habit of N. sp. is similar to that proposed for N. mollis, writing "N. mollis reputedly lacks upper pitchers. N. sp. also exhibits this trait especially in the upper 70 cm of a flowering stem". He suggests that plants may cease pitcher production when stressed, such as during a dry season. An editor's note by Jan Schlauer accompanying Salmon's article cautions that live specimens from the type locality of N. mollis must be examined before the two taxa are united. Its natural range is now known to cover northern Sarawak, Brunei, and southwestern Sabah, although it has not been recorded from Kalimantan. If N. mollis and N. hurrelliana were shown to be conspecific, the latter would become a heterotypic synonym of the former. Recent monographs on the genus maintain that N. mollis has not been relocated in the wild since Endert's original collection. In the 2008 edition of Pitcher Plants of Borneo, Anthea Phillipps, Anthony Lamb, and Ch'ien Lee write: "some climbing stems of the recently described N. hurrelliana appear very similar to [N. mollis], though it is uncertain if these plants are related".
«При описании стеблей и листьев [N. sp.] я наткнулся на рисунок N. mollis в монографии Дансера (Danser, 1928). Он выглядел точно так же, как прижатый гербарный образец, который был у меня перед глазами. Затем я начал сравнивать их и обнаружил, что они полностью совпадают, включая опушенность, за исключением следующих различий:
While describing the stems and leaves [of N. sp.] I came across a drawing of N. mollis in Danser's monograph (Danser, 1928). It looked exactly like the pressed specimen that I had in front of me. I then began to compare the two and found that they matched exactly, including the hairiness, except for the following differences. N. mollis N. sp. Leaf Base: Decurrent into 2 wings, 1 cm broad at the top, 4 6 cm long, gradually attenuate. Decurrent for 1 2 cm. Pedicels: Without bract. Bract originating from the base of the pedicel 3 4 mm long. To bring these differences into perspective, remember that the differences above are both from pressed herbarium specimens and that Danser never saw a live specimen of N. mollis. In living specimens of N. sp. the base of the leaf is petiolate in the lower 4 5 cm with the leaf edges curled upwards. When pressed they are flattened and the leaf is narrowly lanceolate as in Danser's drawing of N. mollis. The leaf sheathing on pressed plants of N. sp. is also flattened and looks decurrent instead. Without reference to a living plant you would be none the wiser. Could this be the same with Danser's N. mollis specimen? The degree of supposed leaf decurrence and the bracts on the pedicels can be explained by natural variation within the range of this species. There are enough high mountains between those that contain N. sp. (G. Lumarku, G. Murud, Meligan Range) in the northwest and N. mollis (G. Kemul) in the southeast to provide a link between the two. Salmon also notes that the growth habit of N. sp. is similar to that proposed for N. mollis, writing "N. mollis reputedly lacks upper pitchers. N. sp. also exhibits this trait especially in the upper 70 cm of a flowering stem". He suggests that plants may cease pitcher production when stressed, such as during a dry season. An editor's note by Jan Schlauer accompanying Salmon's article cautions that live specimens from the type locality of N. mollis must be examined before the two taxa are united. Its natural range is now known to cover northern Sarawak, Brunei, and southwestern Sabah, although it has not been recorded from Kalimantan. If N. mollis and N. hurrelliana were shown to be conspecific, the latter would become a heterotypic synonym of the former. Recent monographs on the genus maintain that N. mollis has not been relocated in the wild since Endert's original collection. In the 2008 edition of Pitcher Plants of Borneo, Anthea Phillipps, Anthony Lamb, and Ch'ien Lee write: "some climbing stems of the recently described N. hurrelliana appear very similar to [N. mollis], though it is uncertain if these plants are related".
N. mollis | N. sp.
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Основание листа: разделено на 2 крыла, ширина в верхней части 1 см, длина 4–6 см, постепенно сужается. | Отходит на 1–2 см.
Цветоножки: без прицветников. | Прицветник, начинающийся от основания цветоножки, длиной 3–4 мм.
While describing the stems and leaves [of N. sp.] I came across a drawing of N. mollis in Danser's monograph (Danser, 1928). It looked exactly like the pressed specimen that I had in front of me. I then began to compare the two and found that they matched exactly, including the hairiness, except for the following differences. N. mollis N. sp. Leaf Base: Decurrent into 2 wings, 1 cm broad at the top, 4 6 cm long, gradually attenuate. Decurrent for 1 2 cm. Pedicels: Without bract. Bract originating from the base of the pedicel 3 4 mm long. To bring these differences into perspective, remember that the differences above are both from pressed herbarium specimens and that Danser never saw a live specimen of N. mollis. In living specimens of N. sp. the base of the leaf is petiolate in the lower 4 5 cm with the leaf edges curled upwards. When pressed they are flattened and the leaf is narrowly lanceolate as in Danser's drawing of N. mollis. The leaf sheathing on pressed plants of N. sp. is also flattened and looks decurrent instead. Without reference to a living plant you would be none the wiser. Could this be the same with Danser's N. mollis specimen? The degree of supposed leaf decurrence and the bracts on the pedicels can be explained by natural variation within the range of this species. There are enough high mountains between those that contain N. sp. (G. Lumarku, G. Murud, Meligan Range) in the northwest and N. mollis (G. Kemul) in the southeast to provide a link between the two. Salmon also notes that the growth habit of N. sp. is similar to that proposed for N. mollis, writing "N. mollis reputedly lacks upper pitchers. N. sp. also exhibits this trait especially in the upper 70 cm of a flowering stem". He suggests that plants may cease pitcher production when stressed, such as during a dry season. An editor's note by Jan Schlauer accompanying Salmon's article cautions that live specimens from the type locality of N. mollis must be examined before the two taxa are united. Its natural range is now known to cover northern Sarawak, Brunei, and southwestern Sabah, although it has not been recorded from Kalimantan. If N. mollis and N. hurrelliana were shown to be conspecific, the latter would become a heterotypic synonym of the former. Recent monographs on the genus maintain that N. mollis has not been relocated in the wild since Endert's original collection. In the 2008 edition of Pitcher Plants of Borneo, Anthea Phillipps, Anthony Lamb, and Ch'ien Lee write: "some climbing stems of the recently described N. hurrelliana appear very similar to [N. mollis], though it is uncertain if these plants are related".
Чтобы оценить эти различия, следует помнить, что они основаны на прижатых гербарных образцах, и Дансер никогда не видел живой экземпляр N. mollis. У живых экземпляров N. sp. основание листа черешковое в нижней части 4–5 см, с загнутыми вверх краями листа. При прессовании они сплющиваются, и лист становится узколанцетовидным, как на рисунке Дансера N. mollis. Листовая обертка у прижатых растений N. sp. также сплющена и выглядит как отходящая. Без наблюдения за живым растением трудно сделать какие-либо выводы. Может ли то же самое относиться к образцу N. mollis Дансера? Степень предполагаемого отхождения листьев и наличие прицветников на цветоножках можно объяснить естественной изменчивостью в пределах ареала этого вида. Между горами, где произрастает N. sp. (г. Лумарку, г. Муруд, хребет Мелиган), на северо-западе, и N. mollis (г. Кемул) на юго-востоке, достаточно высоких гор, чтобы обеспечить связь между ними. Салмон также отмечает, что способ роста N. sp. аналогичен предполагаемому для N. mollis, утверждая: «Считается, что у N. mollis отсутствуют верхние кувшины. N. sp. также демонстрирует эту особенность, особенно в верхних 70 см цветущего стебля». Он предполагает, что растения могут прекратить образование кувшинов при стрессе, например, во время засухи. В редакционной примечании Яна Шлауэра, сопровождающем статью Салмона, предостерегается, что живые образцы из типового местонахождения N. mollis должны быть исследованы, прежде чем объединять эти два таксона. Его естественный ареал теперь охватывает северный Саравак, Бруней и юго-западный Сабах, хотя он не был зарегистрирован в Калимантане. Если будет доказано, что N. mollis и N. hurrelliana – один и тот же вид, последний станет гетеротипическим синонимом первого. В недавних монографиях о роде утверждается, что N. mollis не был обнаружен в дикой природе с момента первоначального сбора Эндертом. В книге «Pitcher Plants of Borneo» 2008 года Антея Филлипс, Энтони Лэмб и Чьен Ли пишут: «Некоторые вьющиеся стебли недавно описанной N. hurrelliana очень похожи на [N. mollis], хотя неясно, связаны ли эти растения между собой».
While describing the stems and leaves [of N. sp.] I came across a drawing of N. mollis in Danser's monograph (Danser, 1928). It looked exactly like the pressed specimen that I had in front of me. I then began to compare the two and found that they matched exactly, including the hairiness, except for the following differences. N. mollis N. sp. Leaf Base: Decurrent into 2 wings, 1 cm broad at the top, 4 6 cm long, gradually attenuate. Decurrent for 1 2 cm. Pedicels: Without bract. Bract originating from the base of the pedicel 3 4 mm long. To bring these differences into perspective, remember that the differences above are both from pressed herbarium specimens and that Danser never saw a live specimen of N. mollis. In living specimens of N. sp. the base of the leaf is petiolate in the lower 4 5 cm with the leaf edges curled upwards. When pressed they are flattened and the leaf is narrowly lanceolate as in Danser's drawing of N. mollis. The leaf sheathing on pressed plants of N. sp. is also flattened and looks decurrent instead. Without reference to a living plant you would be none the wiser. Could this be the same with Danser's N. mollis specimen? The degree of supposed leaf decurrence and the bracts on the pedicels can be explained by natural variation within the range of this species. There are enough high mountains between those that contain N. sp. (G. Lumarku, G. Murud, Meligan Range) in the northwest and N. mollis (G. Kemul) in the southeast to provide a link between the two. Salmon also notes that the growth habit of N. sp. is similar to that proposed for N. mollis, writing "N. mollis reputedly lacks upper pitchers. N. sp. also exhibits this trait especially in the upper 70 cm of a flowering stem". He suggests that plants may cease pitcher production when stressed, such as during a dry season. An editor's note by Jan Schlauer accompanying Salmon's article cautions that live specimens from the type locality of N. mollis must be examined before the two taxa are united. Its natural range is now known to cover northern Sarawak, Brunei, and southwestern Sabah, although it has not been recorded from Kalimantan. If N. mollis and N. hurrelliana were shown to be conspecific, the latter would become a heterotypic synonym of the former. Recent monographs on the genus maintain that N. mollis has not been relocated in the wild since Endert's original collection. In the 2008 edition of Pitcher Plants of Borneo, Anthea Phillipps, Anthony Lamb, and Ch'ien Lee write: "some climbing stems of the recently described N. hurrelliana appear very similar to [N. mollis], though it is uncertain if these plants are related".