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Constituent college of the University of Cambridge

Pembroke College (officially "The Master, Fellows and Scholars of the College or Hall of Valence Mary") is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college is the third oldest college of the university and has over 700 students and fellows. It is one of the university's larger colleges, with buildings from almost every century since its founding, as well as extensive gardens. Its members are termed "Valencians". The statutes were notable in that they both gave preference to students born in France who had already studied elsewhere in England, and that they required students to report fellow students if they indulged in excessive drinking or visited disreputable houses. The college was later renamed Pembroke Hall, and finally became Pembroke College in 1856. Marie was closely involved with College affairs in the 30 years until her death and burial at Denny Abbey, to the north of Cambridge, in 1377. She seems to have been something of a disciplinarian: the original Foundation documents had strict penalties for drunkenness and lechery, required that all students' debts were settled within two weeks of the end of term, and gave strict limits on numbers at graduation parties. In 2015, the college received a bequest of £34 million from the estate of American inventor and Pembroke alumnus Ray Dolby, thought to be the largest single donation to a college in the history of Cambridge University.

The first buildings comprised a single court (now called Old Court) containing all the component parts of a college – chapel, hall, kitchen and buttery, master's lodgings, students' rooms – and the statutes provided for a manciple, a cook, a barber and a laundress. Both the founding of the college and the building of the city's first college Chapel (1355) required the grant of a papal bull. The original court was the university's smallest at only 95 feet (29 m) by 55 feet (17 m), but was enlarged to its current size in the nineteenth century by demolishing the south range. The college's gatehouse is the oldest in Cambridge.

The original Chapel now forms the Old Library and has a striking seventeenth century plaster ceiling, designed by Henry Doogood, showing birds flying overhead. Around the Civil War, one of Pembroke's fellows and Chaplain to the future Charles I, Matthew Wren, was imprisoned by Oliver Cromwell. On his release after eighteen years, he fulfilled a promise by hiring his nephew Christopher Wren to build a great Chapel in his former college. The resulting Chapel was consecrated on St Matthew's Day, 1665, and the eastern end was extended by George Gilbert Scott in 1880, when it was consecrated on the Feast of the Annunciation.

An increase in membership over the last 150 years saw a corresponding increase in building activity. The Hall was rebuilt in 1875–1876 to designs by Alfred Waterhouse after he had declared the medieval Hall unsafe. As well as the Hall, Waterhouse designed a new range of rooms, Red Buildings (1871–1872), in French Renaissance style, designed a new Master's Lodge on the site of Paschal Yard (1873, later to become N staircase), pulled down the old Lodge and the south range of Old Court to open a vista to the chapel, and finally designed a new Library (1877–1878) in the continental Gothic style. The construction of the new library was undertaken by Rattee and Kett. Waterhouse was dismissed as architect in 1878 and succeeded by George Gilbert Scott, who, after extending the chapel, provided additional accommodation with the construction of New Court in 1881, with letters on a series of shields along the string course above the first floor spelling out the text from Psalm 127:1, "Nisi Dominus aedificat domum " ("Except the Lord build the house, their labour is but vain that build it"). Building work continued into the 20th century with W. D. Caröe as architect. He added Pitt Building (M staircase) between Ivy Court and Waterhouse's Lodge, and extended New Court with the construction of O staircase on the other side of the Lodge. He linked his two buildings with an arched stone screen, Caröe Bridge, along Pembroke Street in a late Baroque style, the principal function of which was to act as a bridge by which undergraduates might cross the Master's forecourt at first floor level from Pitt Building to New Court without leaving the college or trespassing in what was then the Fellows' Garden. In 1926, as the Fellows had become increasingly disenchanted with Waterhouse's Hall, Maurice Webb was brought in to remove the open roof, put in a flat ceiling and add two storeys of sets above. The wall between the Hall and the Fellows' Parlour was taken down, and the latter made into a High Table dais. A new Senior Parlour was then created on the ground floor of Hitcham Building. The remodelling work was completed in 1949 when Murray Easton replaced the Gothic tracery of the windows with a simpler design in the style of the medieval Hall. In 1933 Maurice Webb built a new Master's Lodge in the south east corner of the College gardens, on land acquired from Peterhouse in 1861. Following the war, further accommodation was created with the construction in 1957 of Orchard Building, so called because it stands on part of the Foundress's orchard. Finally, in a move to accommodate the majority of junior members on the College site rather than in hostels in the town, in the 1990s Eric Parry designed a new range of buildings on the site of the Master's Lodge, with a new Lodge at the west end. "Foundress Court" was opened in 1997 in celebration of the college's 650th Anniversary. In 2001 the Library was extended to the east and modified internally. In 2017, Pembroke College launched a new campaign of extension called the "Time and The Place" (or the Mill Lane project), on the other side of Trumpington Street. The project is to enlarge the size of the college by a third, with new social spaces, rooms and offices.

Pembroke's enclosed grounds include garden areas. Highlights include "The Orchard" (a patch of semi wild ground in the centre of the college), an impressive row of Plane Trees and a bowling green, re turfed in 1996, which is reputed to be among the oldest in continual use in Europe.

The arms of Pembroke College were officially recorded in 1684. The formal blazon combines the arms of De Valence (bars), dimidiated with the arms of St. Pol (vair). It is described as :
Barry of ten argent and azure, an orle of five martlets gules dimidiated with paly vair and gules, on a chief Or a label of five points throughout azure.

Pembroke College has both graduate and undergraduate students, termed Valencians, after the college's original name, and its recreational rooms named as "parlours" rather than the more standard "combination room". The undergraduate student body is represented by the Junior Parlour Committee (JPC). The graduate community is represented by the Graduate Parlour Committee (GPC). In March 2016, the Junior Parlour Committee was featured in national newspapers after it cancelled the theme of an "Around The World in 80 Days" dance party. There are many sports and societies organised by members of the college. Amongst the most established are Pembroke College Boat Club and the Pembroke Players, the college's dramatic society which has been made famous by alumni including Peter Cook, Eric Idle, Tim Brooke Taylor, Clive James and Bill Oddie, and is now in its 67th year. Pembroke College Association Football Club (PCAFC) and Women's Association Football Club (PCWAFC) compete separately in collegiate competitions. Chrembroke Hockey Club (PCHC) compete jointly with Christ's College, and Pirton RUFC, the rugby union team, are merged with Girton College. Female undergraduates were first admitted to the college in 1984.

Pembroke is the only Cambridge college to have an International Programmes Department, providing opportunities for international students to spend a semester (mid January to mid June), or part of the summer, in Cambridge. The Spring Semester Programme is a competitive programme for academically outstanding students who wish to follow a regular Cambridge degree course as fully matriculated members of the University. There are around thirty places each year. In the summer the college offers the eight week Pembroke Cambridge Summer Programme. As well as the academic content, trips are made to locales such as London, and the programme has a series of formal halls and events such as croquet matches and punting on the River Cam. This is also the programme for which the prestigious Thouron Prize is awarded, fully supporting nine American undergraduates from Harvard, Yale, and UPenn. In addition, there is the Pembroke College, Cambridge 1976 Scholarship, awarded to three outstanding undergraduates from the University of California.

NameBirthDeathOccupationTrevor Allan1955Noted legal philosopherLancelot Andrewes15551626Master; Dean of Westminster; Bishop of Chichester, Ely, Winchester; leading member of the translation committee which produced the King James BibleC. F. Andrews18711940Priest and activist for the Indian independence movementDavid Armitage Bannerman18861979OrnithologistRobert Bathurst1957ActorRichard Beard (author)1967Novelist and non fiction writerClive Betts1950British politicianJohn Bradford15101550Fellow, prebendary of St. Paul's, MartyrPeter Bradshaw1962Author and film criticTim Brooke Taylor19402020Comedian, member of The GoodiesMarcus Buckingham1966Award winning author and motivational speakerWilliam Burkitt16501703New Testament commentator, vicar and lecturer of Dedham, EssexRoger Bushell19101944Leader of "The Great Escape"Rab Butler19021982British politician; served as Chancellor of the Exchequer, Foreign Secretary, Home Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister. Christopher Clark1960Regius Professor of History, University of Cambridge. Peter Cook19371995ComedianJo Cox19742016British aid worker and politician. Richard Crashawc.16131649Anglican cleric and later Catholic convert, poet associated with Metaphysical poets and religious poetry, Fellow of Peterhouse, CambridgeWilliam Crashaw15721626Appointed preacher at the Inner Temple, Anglican divine and poet, author of anti Catholic tracts and pamphletsSeamus Deane19402021Novelist, poet and literary criticMaurice Dobb19001976EconomistSimon Donaldson1957Mathematician; Fields Medallist (1986)Ray Dolby19332013Inventor who bequeathed US$52.6 million to PembrokeC. H. Douglas18791952Engineer; pioneer of the Social Credit movementTimothy Dudley Smith1926Hymn writer and clergyman of the Church of EnglandAbba Eban19152002Statesman; President of the Weizmann Institute of ScienceRick Edwards1979Television presenterEdward James Eliot17581797British politicianWilliam Eliot, 2nd Earl of St Germans17671845British politicianArchibald Fargus18781963Cricketer, scholar, clergymanFemi Fani Kayode1960 Former Nigerian Minister of Culture and Tourism Roger W. Ferguson Jr. 1951 Economist, Vice Chairman of the U. S. Federal Reserve System, President and CEO of TIAA, Honorary Fellow Ian Fleming 1935 Organic chemist, emeritus professor of the University of Cambridge and emeritus fellowWilliam Fowler19111995Nobel prize winner for Physics Arthur Gilligan18941976England cricket captainAlexander Grantham18991978Governor of Fiji, later Governor of Hong KongThomas Gray17161771PoetStephen Greenblatt1943Literary critic, pioneer of New HistoricismBendor Grosvenor1977Art historian Malcolm Guite 1957 Poet and author (Sounding the Seasons, The Singing Bowl), priest, singer songwriter, currently Bye Fellow and Chaplain of Girton College, Cambridge; BA, MA, 1980. Rupert Gwynne18711924Member of Parliament (MP) for Eastbourne 1910–1924. Naomie Harris1976ActressTom Harrisson19111976Ornithologist, anthropologist, soldier, co founder of Mass ObservationSamuel Harsnett15611631Master, Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, later Archbishop of York and theological writerOliver Heald1954British politicianTom Hiddleston1981ActorPhilip Hinchcliffe1944Television producerTed Hughes19301998PoetEric Idle1943Comedian, member of Monty PythonClive James19392019Critic, journalist and broadcasterAtma Jayaram19151990Former Director of the Indian Intelligence BureauPeter Jeffrey19291999ActorHumphrey Jennings19071950Film makerBryan Keith Lucas19121996Political scientistEmma Johnson1966ClarinettistLeslie Peter Johnson19302016GermanistAnna Lapwood1995Organist, conductor and broadcasterRobert Macfarlane1976WriterDavid MacMyn19031978Rugby union international (Scotland and Lions) player and administratorSir Henry James Sumner Maine18221888Jurist and HistorianPeter May19291994CricketerSimon McDonald1961Diplomat, Head of the British Diplomatic ServiceD. H. Mellor19382020PhilosopherMessenger Monsey16941788PhysicianTom Morris1964Theatre director and producerSir Allan Mossop18871965Chief Judge of the British Supreme Court for ChinaDavid Munrow19421976Musician, composer, music historianRichard Murdoch19071990Actor, comedianBill Oddie1941Comedian, member of The Goodies, ornithologistWilliam Pitt17591806British politician; Prime Minister 1783–1801, 1804–06Rodney Porter19171985Nobel prize winning BiochemistGeorge Maxwell Richards19312018President of Trinidad and TobagoNicholas Ridleyc. 15021555Bishop of London, MartyrQuintin Riley19051980Arctic explorerEdmund Grindalc. 15191571Archbishop of Canterbury, Archbishop of York, Bishop of LondonMichael Rowan Robinson1942Astronomer and astrophysicistMartin Rowson1959CartoonistHugh Ruttledge18841961MountaineerTom Sharpe19282013NovelistIndra Sinha1950NovelistChristopher Smart17221771Poet, hymnist, journalist, actorChris Smith, Baron Smith of Finsbury1951British politician; current MasterEdmund Spenser15521599PoetGeorge Gabriel Stokes18191903Mathematician, physicistJohn Sulston1942Chemist, Nobel prize winnerPeter Taylor, Baron Taylor of Gosforth19301997Lord Chief JusticePeter Taylor1942Author and journalistKaran Thapar1955Writer, journalist, broadcaster, editorWilliam Turner15081568PhysicianP. K. van der Byl19231999Rhodesian politicianLawrence Wager19041965Geologist, explorer and mountaineerWavell Wakefield, 1st Baron Wakefield of Kendal18981983Rugby playerLeonard Whibley18641941Greek scholarDavid White1961Garter Principal King of ArmsYorick Wilks1939Computer scientist, professor of artificial intelligenceRoger Williams16031683Statesman, theologian, founder of Rhode IslandGeorge Crichton Wells19141999Dermatologist, first described Well's syndromeEd Yong1981Science journalist and authorTimothy Winter1960Academic, theologian and Islamic scholar

Pembroke College in Brown University, the former women's college at Brown University in the United States, was named for the principal building on the women's campus, Pembroke Hall, which was itself named in honour of the Pembroke College (Cambridge) alumnus Roger Williams, a co founder of Rhode Island. In 1865 Pembroke College, Cambridge donated land for the formation of the Suffolk memorial to Prince Albert. The land at Framlingham in the county of Suffolk was used to build a school, The Albert Memorial College. The school today is known as Framlingham College and one of its seven houses is named Pembroke House in recognition of the contribution Pembroke College has made to the school. In 1981, a decade after the merger of Pembroke College into Brown University, the Pembroke Center for Teaching and Research on Women there was named in honour of Pembroke College and the history of women's efforts to gain access to higher education.