Фейхоа Селловиана: Описание и особенности выращивания

Species of plant in the myrtle family

Speciesbox
| image = Acca sellowiana Fruit MHNT Fronton. jpg
| image caption = Fruit
| image alt = Oblong green fruits
| image2 = Acca sellowiana IMG 0248. jpg
| image2 caption = Flower
| status = LC
| status system = IUCN3.1
| status ref =
| image2 alt = Flowers with many red stamens tipped with yellow anthers, petals white with pink streaks
| display parents = 3
| genus = Feijoa
| parent authority = O. Berg
| species = sellowiana
| authority = (O. Berg) O. Berg
| synonyms ref = also known as Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret, is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is native to the highlands of southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina. Feijoa are also common in gardens of New Zealand. / /'/h//oʊ//.//ə/, or '/f//iː//dʒ//oʊ//.//ə/), pineapple guava and guavasteen, although it is not a true guava. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree, in height.

Feijoa sellowiana Berg is from the genus which the German botanist, Ernst Berger, named after João da Silva Feijó, a Portuguese naturalist, and the specific name honors Friedrich Sellow, a German who first collected specimens of Feijoa in southern Brazil.

The plant is a warm temperate, subtropical plant that also will grow in the tropics, but requires at least 50 hours of winter chilling to fruit, and is frost tolerant. When grown from seed, feijoas are noted for slow growth during their first year or two, and young plants, though cold tolerant, can be sensitive to high wind. In the Northern Hemisphere, the species has been cultivated in the United Kingdom and as far north as western Scotland, but under such conditions it does not fruit every year, as winter temperatures below approximately kill the flower buds. Summer temperatures above may also have an adverse effect upon fruit set. Feijoas are somewhat tolerant of drought and salt in soils, though fruit production can be adversely affected. Tolerant to partial shade, regular watering is essential while the fruit is maturing.

Some grafted cultivars of feijoa are self fertile. Most are not and require a pollinator. Seedlings may or may not be of usable quality; and may or may not be self fertile. Feijoas will mature into a sprawly shrub but can be kept successfully as a large container plant, though accommodations will need to be made for the width of the plants, and the need to encourage new growth for fruit production. Feijoas are occasionally found as landscape plants in Texas, Florida, California, and the maritime Pacific Northwest. They can succeed in greenhouses in temperate parts of the United States; and have been grown in ground as fruiting trees on the United States east coast in coastal Georgia and South Carolina as well as in California. Other regions of the United States such as the southernmost Appalachian Mountains, and the immediate coastal region from North Carolina to Delaware would warrant further investigation. The fruit has been widely grown in New Zealand since the 1920s, and it has become a popular garden tree. It is commonly available in season from March to June. In New Zealand, the pollinators of this plant are bees, bumblebees, and medium sized birds. The silvereye is a pollinator in the cooler parts of the South Island; the blackbird and the Indian myna, which feeds on the sweet, fleshy flower petals, are pollinators further north. In some areas where the species has been introduced, however, the trees have been unproductive due to lack of pollinators. The shrub has very few insect pests, although guava moth is a problem in Northland, New Zealand. In the South Caucasus, feijoa has been cultivated in the southern coastal region of Azerbaijan since 1928; cultivation in neighboring Georgia has gradually increased to about in 1986.

Ripe fruit is prone to bruising; difficulty maintaining the fruit in good condition for any length of time, along with the short period of optimum ripeness and full flavor, probably explains why feijoas are not exported frequently, and are typically sold close to where they are grown. However, intercontinental shipping of feijoa by sea or air has been successful.