Узел-бабочка: создание фиксированной петли на середине веревки

Knot used to form a fixed loop in the middle of a rope

The butterfly loop, also known as lineman's loop, butterfly knot, alpine butterfly knot, Swiss loop and lineman's rider, is a knot used to form a fixed loop in the middle of a rope. Tied in the bight, it can be made in a rope without access to either of the ends; this is a distinct advantage when working with long climbing ropes. The butterfly loop is an excellent mid line rigging knot; it handles multi directional loading well In a climbing context it is also useful for traverse lines, some anchors, shortening rope slings, and for isolating damaged sections of rope.

The earliest known presentation of the knot was in A. A. Burger's 1914 work Rope and Its Uses, included in an agricultural extension bulletin from what is now Iowa State University. Burger called the knot a lineman's rider stating it was often used by "linemen and especially telephone men". The knot's security and ability to withstand tension in any direction are both discussed. The knot's association with mountaineering—and with butterflies—originates from a 1928 article in Alpine Journal by C. E. I. Wright and J. E. Magowan. The authors claim to have developed the butterfly noose themselves while attempting to improve the selection of knots available to climbers. The name is "so styled on the basis of a more or less fanciful resemblance imagined in the form of the knot." In the second part of the article they express dissatisfaction regarding their earlier use of the word "noose," since the knot is non collapsing, and refer to the knot as butterfly loop or simply butterfly. Wright and Magowan call the butterfly loop "new," along with several other of their knots, in the sense they were unable to identify any earlier record of them. However, they prudently added that it "might be rash to claim they have never been used before." Clifford Ashley presented the knot in 1944 (text & image #1053), calling it the lineman's loop; he attributed its first publication to J. M. Drew, but made no specific reference as to the source of this claim. A 1912 article called "Some Knots and Splices" by Drew appears in the bibliography of The Ashley Book of Knots. A 1913 reprint of this Drew article does not mention the butterfly loop. Nor does Drew's 1942 book Ropework : Knots, Hitches, Splices, Halters and presumably earlier edition 1936 (but which has 66pp vs. 58 for 1942?!) own book on knots present this knot. But in his contributed "Chapter 12 Rope Work", pp.202 252 to Lester Griswold's Handicraft does present the knot. (Curiously, Ashley gives no hint that this book which he twice praises contains a full knots chapter written by Drew!)

The loop is typically attached to a climbing harness by 2 carabiners together with gates to opposite sides from each other. It can also be used to isolate a worn section of rope, where the knot is tied such that the worn section is isolated in the loop (which of course does not receive a carabiner nor bear any loads in this case). Errors in tying the butterfly loop can produce a similar looking but inferior knot, the so called "false butterfly", which is prone to slipping. However, some sources suggest this behavior can be exploited purposely for shock absorption.

Forms stable, secure loop after initial setting. Allows for the knot to be loaded three ways; by each end of the main line and the loop. Relatively easy to untie after loading (more difficult if wet). Size of loop can be adjusted more easily than with bulkier or more complex loop knots. Easy to inspect.