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Содержание
Введение
Обзор транспорта в Албании
Overview of the transport in Albania
Транспорт в Албании включает в себя наземный, водный и воздушный виды транспорта, которые в основном находятся под надзором Министерства инфраструктуры Албании. Развитие и улучшение транспортной системы страны остается одним из важнейших приоритетов правительства Албании. В последние годы транспортная система претерпела значительные изменения, а также существенный рост и расширение, особенно после падения коммунизма. Улучшение дорожной инфраструктуры, городского транспорта и авиаперевозок привело к значительному улучшению транспортного сообщения. Эти модернизации сыграли ключевую роль в поддержке экономики Албании, которая в последнее десятилетие в значительной степени стала зависеть от строительной отрасли.
Transport in Albania consists of transport by land, water and air, which are predominantly under the supervision of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Albania. The development and improvement of the transport in the country remains among the most important priorities of the Government of Albania. It has experienced significant changes and major growth and expansion in recent years, especially after the fall of communism in the country. Improvements to the road infrastructure, urban transport, and air travel have all led to a vast improvement in transportation. These upgrades have played a key role in supporting Albania's economy, which in the past decade has come to rely heavily on the construction industry.
История
С древности территория современной Албании служила перекрестком важных караванных путей, таких как римская Виа Эгнатия, связывающая Адриатическое море с Византией (позже Константинополем). Итальянский фашистский режим Муссолини осуществил проект дорожного строительства в Албании в 1930-х годах, однако автомобилизация в то время была ограничена. Общая протяженность дорог Албании более чем удвоилась в первые три десятилетия после Второй мировой войны, и к 1980-м годам почти все отдаленные горные районы страны были соединены с столицей Тираной и портами на Адриатическом и Ионическом морях либо грунтовыми, либо асфальтированными дорогами. После 1947 года значительным инфраструктурным проектом стало строительство железнодорожной сети страны, поскольку Албания считалась единственной страной в Европе, не имевшей стандартного железнодорожного сообщения. К 1987 году было построено в общей сложности 677 км железной дороги, соединивших основные городские и промышленные центры впервые после окончания Второй мировой войны. До 1990 года железнодорожный транспорт был основным видом общественного транспорта. После падения коммунизма сеть пришла в упадок, эксплуатируемые поезда находились в постоянном неисправном состоянии. Центральное государственное финансирование содержания местных дорог фактически прекратилось в 1991 году, а поломки ремонтной техники из-за нехватки запасных частей угрожали прекращением доступа к некоторым отдаленным районам. В июле 1990 года группа греческих строительных компаний подписала протокол с албанским правительством о строительстве 200-километровой дороги через южную часть страны, от албанско-греческой границы до Дурреса. Проект планировался на четыре года и стоил 500 миллионов долларов США. Несмотря на плохое качество албанских дорог, по ним перевозилась большая часть грузов, используя парк из примерно 15 000 грузовиков. Согласно официальным данным, в 1987 году албанские дороги перевезли около 66 процентов всего грузового тоннажа страны. До 1991 года общее количество автомобилей в Албании составляло от 5000 до 7000. В 1991 году албанское правительство отменило десятилетиями действовавший запрет на частное владение транспортными средствами. В результате импорт автомобилей составил около 1500 в месяц. Движение в столице оставалось неинтенсивным, но для регулирования растущего числа частных автомобилей срочно требовались светофоры и другие средства управления движением. Албанские предприниматели также импортировали подержанные греческие автобусы и начали осуществлять пассажирские перевозки по междугородним маршрутам, которых не существовало или которые были плохо обслуживались в коммунистическую эпоху. Население известно большим парком немецких автомобилей. В частности, автомобили Mercedes-Benz пользуются широкой популярностью не только как символ статуса, но и благодаря своей надежности на сельских дорогах, где проживает половина населения, а также низкой цене на подержанные автомобили. Автомобили Mercedes-Benz принадлежали Энверу Ходже и, по сообщениям, пользовались предпочтением его чиновников, что обеспечило бренду позиции еще до легализации частной собственности на автомобили. Загрязнение воздуха стало серьезной проблемой, поскольку количество автомобилей в столице Тиране увеличилось до более чем 300 000. Это в основном дизельные автомобили 1990-х и начала 2000-х годов, при этом широко распространено мнение, что топливо, используемое в Албании, содержит больше серы и свинца, чем в Европейском союзе. Албания, вероятно, одна из немногих стран в Европе, где на улицах можно встретить автомобили, импортированные из Соединенных Штатов и из стран с левосторонним движением (например, из Соединенного Королевства), без каких-либо модификаций, внесенных проживающими за границей эмигрантами.
Since antiquity, the area of modern Albania served as a crossroad of important caravan routes such as the Roman Via Egnatia linking the Adriatic with Byzantium (later Constantinople). The Italian fascist regime of Mussolini carried out a project of road constructions in Albania in the 1930s, yet auto mobility was limited at the time. The total length of Albania's roads more than doubled in the first three decades after World War II, and by the 1980s almost all of the country's remote mountain areas were connected, either by dirt or paved roads, with the capital city of Tirana, and ports on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea. After 1947, a significant infrastructure undertaking was the construction of the country's rail network as Albania was considered the only country in Europe not to have standard rail service. By 1987, 677 km of railway were constructed in total linking the main urban and industrial centers for the first time since the end of World War II. Train transport was the main public transportation method until 1990. After the collapse of Communism, the network fell into disregard, operating with second hand carriages in a constant precarious state. Central government funding of local road maintenance effectively ended in 1991, and the breakdown of repair vehicles because of a lack of spare parts threatened to close access to some remote areas. A group of Greek construction companies signed a protocol with the Albanian government in July 1990 to build a 200 kilometer road across the southern part of the country, extending from the Albanian Greek border to Durrës. The project was scheduled to last four years and cost US$500 million. Despite the poor quality of Albania's roads, most of the country's freight was conveyed over them in a fleet of about 15,000 trucks. According to official figures, in 1987 Albania's roadways carried about 66 percent of the country's total freight tonnage. Up until 1991, the total number of cars in Albania was between 5000 and 7000. In 1991, the Albanian government lifted the decades old ban on private vehicle ownership. As a result, car imports numbered about 1,500 per month. Traffic in the capital remained light, but traffic lights and other control devices were urgently needed to deal with the multiplying number of privately owned cars. Albanian entrepreneurs also imported used Greek buses and started carrying passengers on intercity routes that did not exist or had been poorly serviced during the communist era. The population is known for owning a large fleet of German cars. In particular, Mercedes Benz vehicles are widely preferred not only for their status symbol, but also for their durability on rural roads where half of the population resides, and the cheap price for buying used ones. Mercedes Benz cars were owned by Enver Hoxha and reportedly favored by his officials, giving the brand a foothold even before private ownership of cars was legalized. Air pollution has become a pressing concern as the number of cars has increased to over 300,000 in the capital Tirana. These are mostly 1990s and early 2000s diesel cars, while it is widely believed that the fuel used in Albania contains larger amounts of sulfur and lead than in the European Union. Albania is probably one of the few countries in Europe where vehicles imported from the United States, and from left hand traffic jurisdictions (for example the United Kingdom) can be found on the streets without any modifications brought from expats living abroad.
Воздух
Самый важный и крупный международный аэропорт страны – международный аэропорт Тирана имени Нэнэ Терезы (TIA), расположенный в столице страны, Тиране. Общее количество пассажиров, обслуженных в стране, составило 1 997 044 в 2015 году и 2 200 449 в 2016 году. С января по октябрь 2017 года аэропорт обслужил 2 224 833 пассажира и обработал 1 857 тонн грузов. В 2005 году американско-немецкому консорциуму была предоставлена 20-летняя концессия на управление TIA и воздушным пространством Албании. Несмотря на значительную модернизацию аэропорта, цены остаются одними из самых высоких в Европе из-за монополии на албанское воздушное пространство и ограниченного выбора авиаперевозчиков. В результате этого, лоукост-компании не заинтересованы в выходе на албанский рынок, в то время как соседние страны предлагают значительно более низкие цены из своих основных и второстепенных аэропортов. После периода интенсивных переговоров албанскому правительству удалось сократить срок концессии на 5 лет, до 2020 года, что открыло возможность для выхода на албанский рынок лоукост-авиакомпаний, например, запуск рейсов между Тираной и Будапештом компанией Wizz Air в 2017 году. После достижения соглашения с правительством Албании о прекращении монополии на международные рейсы из Албании, компания Hochtief AirPort продала управление TIA компании China Everbright Limited.
The most important and biggest international airport of the country is the Tirana International Airport Nënë Tereza (TIA), in Tirana, the country's capital. The total number of passengers for the country was 1,997,044 in 2015 and 2,200,449 in 2016. From January to October 2017, the airport served 2,224,833 passengers and handled 1,857 tons of goods. In 2005, an American German consortium was granted a 20 year concession over TIA and Albanian airspace. Despite the considerable modernization of the airport, prices are among the highest in Europe because of the monopoly over Albanian airspace, and limited carrier choices. As a result, low cost carriers are discouraged from entering the Albanian market, while neighboring countries offer much lower prices from their primary and secondary airports. Following a period of intensive negotiations, the Albanian government managed to reduce the concession period by 5 years until 2020, thus opening up the possibility for low cost airlines to enter the Albanian market such as the starting of flights between Tirana and Budapest by Wizz Air in 2017. After reaching an agreement with the Albanian Government to end its monopoly on international flights from Albania, Hochtief AirPort sold the operation of TIA to China Everbright Limited,
Аэропорт Кукес был открыт в 2008 году, став вторым гражданским аэропортом в Албании, но с тех пор не функционирует. Аэропорт был приобретен албанской компанией и планируется возобновить его работу к 2021 году, предлагая недорогие рейсы для албанской диаспоры в Великобритании и служа отправной точкой для путешествий в Албанские Альпы. В 2018 году была основана Air Albania, нынешняя национальная авиакомпания страны, консорциумом, в состав которого вошли Turkish Airlines, албанское управление гражданской авиации и несколько албанских компаний, с выполнением тестового рейса в Стамбул. С 2019 года авиакомпания осуществляет рейсы в Италию и Турцию. В 2018 году албанское правительство объявило о строительстве международного аэропорта Влёра, третьего гражданского аэропорта в Албании, недалеко от Акэрни в охраняемой зоне Вьосе-Нарте. В 2019 году был представлен новый проект, включающий строительство пристани для яхт и агротуристической зоны. Строительные работы на территории аэропорта начались в 2021 году и, как ожидается, будут завершены к 2025 году.
Kukës Airport was opened in 2008, making this the second civilian airport in Albania but has since not been operational. The airport was bought by an Albanian company and is planned to become operational by 2021 offering low cost flights catered to the Kukes diaspora in the UK and serve as a gateway to the Albanian Alps. In 2018, Air Albania, the country's current flag carrier was formed by a consortium made up of Turkish Airlines, Albanian Civil Aviation Authority, and several Albanian companies with a test flight to Istanbul. As of 2019, the airline offers service to destinations in Italy and Turkey. In 2018, the Albanian government announced the construction of Vlorë International Airport, the third civilian airport in Albania near Akerni on the Vjose Narte Protected Area. In 2019, a new project was unveiled including the construction of a marina and agritourism area. The construction works on the ground for the airport started in 2021, and are expected to finish by 2025.
Автомагистрали
Автомагистраль является единственной платной автомагистралью в Албании, соединяющей албанское побережье Адриатического моря в Дурресе на юго-западе с Албанскими Альпами в Морине на северо-востоке. Она является частью европейского маршрута E851, планируемой Адриатико-Ионической автомагистрали и Паневропейского коридора X. Дуррес, Тирана, Леже, Кукес.
Motorway County Length Description Cities Durrës, Tirana, Lezhë, Kukës The A1 is a four traffic lane motorway spanning The motorway is the only toll motorway in Albania and connects the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast at Durrës in the southwest with the Albanian Alps at Morinë in the northeast. It forms part of the European route E851, planned Adriatic–Ionian motorway, and Pan European Corridor X. Durrës, Laç, Lezhë, Rrëshen, Kukës Fier, Vlorë The A2 is a four traffic lane motorway, spanning The motorway connects Fier in the north and Vlorë in the south. It will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Fier, Vlorë Tirana, Elbasan The A3 is a four traffic lane motorway, spanning The motorway connects Tirana in the northwest and Elbasan in the southeast. It will form part of the Pan European Corridor VIII. Tirana, Elbasan
A1 – это четырехполосная автомагистраль.
Motorway County Length Description Cities Durrës, Tirana, Lezhë, Kukës The A1 is a four traffic lane motorway spanning The motorway is the only toll motorway in Albania and connects the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast at Durrës in the southwest with the Albanian Alps at Morinë in the northeast. It forms part of the European route E851, planned Adriatic–Ionian motorway, and Pan European Corridor X. Durrës, Laç, Lezhë, Rrëshen, Kukës Fier, Vlorë The A2 is a four traffic lane motorway, spanning The motorway connects Fier in the north and Vlorë in the south. It will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Fier, Vlorë Tirana, Elbasan The A3 is a four traffic lane motorway, spanning The motorway connects Tirana in the northwest and Elbasan in the southeast. It will form part of the Pan European Corridor VIII. Tirana, Elbasan
Фиер, Влёра.
Motorway County Length Description Cities Durrës, Tirana, Lezhë, Kukës The A1 is a four traffic lane motorway spanning The motorway is the only toll motorway in Albania and connects the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast at Durrës in the southwest with the Albanian Alps at Morinë in the northeast. It forms part of the European route E851, planned Adriatic–Ionian motorway, and Pan European Corridor X. Durrës, Laç, Lezhë, Rrëshen, Kukës Fier, Vlorë The A2 is a four traffic lane motorway, spanning The motorway connects Fier in the north and Vlorë in the south. It will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Fier, Vlorë Tirana, Elbasan The A3 is a four traffic lane motorway, spanning The motorway connects Tirana in the northwest and Elbasan in the southeast. It will form part of the Pan European Corridor VIII. Tirana, Elbasan
A2 – это четырехполосная автомагистраль, соединяющая Фиер на севере и Влёру на юге. Она станет частью Адриатико-Ионической автомагистрали.
Motorway County Length Description Cities Durrës, Tirana, Lezhë, Kukës The A1 is a four traffic lane motorway spanning The motorway is the only toll motorway in Albania and connects the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast at Durrës in the southwest with the Albanian Alps at Morinë in the northeast. It forms part of the European route E851, planned Adriatic–Ionian motorway, and Pan European Corridor X. Durrës, Laç, Lezhë, Rrëshen, Kukës Fier, Vlorë The A2 is a four traffic lane motorway, spanning The motorway connects Fier in the north and Vlorë in the south. It will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Fier, Vlorë Tirana, Elbasan The A3 is a four traffic lane motorway, spanning The motorway connects Tirana in the northwest and Elbasan in the southeast. It will form part of the Pan European Corridor VIII. Tirana, Elbasan
Тирана, Эльбасан.
Motorway County Length Description Cities Durrës, Tirana, Lezhë, Kukës The A1 is a four traffic lane motorway spanning The motorway is the only toll motorway in Albania and connects the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast at Durrës in the southwest with the Albanian Alps at Morinë in the northeast. It forms part of the European route E851, planned Adriatic–Ionian motorway, and Pan European Corridor X. Durrës, Laç, Lezhë, Rrëshen, Kukës Fier, Vlorë The A2 is a four traffic lane motorway, spanning The motorway connects Fier in the north and Vlorë in the south. It will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Fier, Vlorë Tirana, Elbasan The A3 is a four traffic lane motorway, spanning The motorway connects Tirana in the northwest and Elbasan in the southeast. It will form part of the Pan European Corridor VIII. Tirana, Elbasan
A3 – это четырехполосная автомагистраль, соединяющая Тирану на северо-западе и Эльбасан на юго-востоке. Она станет частью Паневропейского коридора VIII.
Motorway County Length Description Cities Durrës, Tirana, Lezhë, Kukës The A1 is a four traffic lane motorway spanning The motorway is the only toll motorway in Albania and connects the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast at Durrës in the southwest with the Albanian Alps at Morinë in the northeast. It forms part of the European route E851, planned Adriatic–Ionian motorway, and Pan European Corridor X. Durrës, Laç, Lezhë, Rrëshen, Kukës Fier, Vlorë The A2 is a four traffic lane motorway, spanning The motorway connects Fier in the north and Vlorë in the south. It will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Fier, Vlorë Tirana, Elbasan The A3 is a four traffic lane motorway, spanning The motorway connects Tirana in the northwest and Elbasan in the southeast. It will form part of the Pan European Corridor VIII. Tirana, Elbasan
Автомагистрали
Шоссе 1 – скоростная автомагистраль, охватывающая Черногорию через округа Шкодер, Леже, Дуррес и Тирана до столицы Тираны. В настоящее время является частью европейских маршрутов E762 и E851 и будет частью Адриатическо-Ионической автомагистрали. Фуше-Круя, Коплик, Лач, Леже, Шкодер, Тирана, Дуррес, Тирана.
Expressway County Length Description Cities Durrës, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana The SH 1 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Montenegro across the counties of Shkodër, Lezhë, Durrës and Tirana to the capital of Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E762 and E851 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Fushë Krujë, Koplik, Laç, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana Durrës, TiranaThe SH 2 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects the capital Tirana across the counties of Durrës and Tirana to the second largest city of Durrës. It is currently part of the European route E762. Durrës, Tirana Elbasan, Korçë, TiranaThe SH 3 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Greece across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to the capital Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E86 and E852. Elbasan, Korçë, Librazhd, Pogradec, Tirana Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Tirana The SH 4 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Durrës across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to Greece. It is currently part of the European route E853 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Lushnjë, Rogozhina, Tepelenë Elbasan, Tirana The SH 7 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Rogozhina across the counties of Elbasan and Tirana to Elbasan. It is currently part of the Pan European Corridor VIII. Elbasan, Peqin, Rogozhina Fier, Vlorë The SH 8 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Fier across the counties of Fier, Vlorë to Sarandë. Fier, Himara, Sarandë, Vlorë Elbasan The SH 9 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Qafë Thanë across the county of Elbasan to North Macedonia. It is currently part of the European route E852. –
Шоссе 2 – скоростная автомагистраль, охватывающая территорию от столицы Тираны через округа Дуррес и Тирана до второго по величине города Дуррес. В настоящее время является частью европейского маршрута E762. Дуррес, Тирана.
Expressway County Length Description Cities Durrës, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana The SH 1 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Montenegro across the counties of Shkodër, Lezhë, Durrës and Tirana to the capital of Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E762 and E851 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Fushë Krujë, Koplik, Laç, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana Durrës, TiranaThe SH 2 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects the capital Tirana across the counties of Durrës and Tirana to the second largest city of Durrës. It is currently part of the European route E762. Durrës, Tirana Elbasan, Korçë, TiranaThe SH 3 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Greece across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to the capital Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E86 and E852. Elbasan, Korçë, Librazhd, Pogradec, Tirana Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Tirana The SH 4 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Durrës across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to Greece. It is currently part of the European route E853 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Lushnjë, Rogozhina, Tepelenë Elbasan, Tirana The SH 7 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Rogozhina across the counties of Elbasan and Tirana to Elbasan. It is currently part of the Pan European Corridor VIII. Elbasan, Peqin, Rogozhina Fier, Vlorë The SH 8 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Fier across the counties of Fier, Vlorë to Sarandë. Fier, Himara, Sarandë, Vlorë Elbasan The SH 9 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Qafë Thanë across the county of Elbasan to North Macedonia. It is currently part of the European route E852. –
Шоссе 3 – скоростная автомагистраль, охватывающая Грецию через округа Эльбасан, Корче и Тирана до столицы Тираны. В настоящее время является частью европейских маршрутов E86 и E852. Эльбасан, Корче, Либражд, Поградец, Тирана.
Expressway County Length Description Cities Durrës, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana The SH 1 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Montenegro across the counties of Shkodër, Lezhë, Durrës and Tirana to the capital of Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E762 and E851 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Fushë Krujë, Koplik, Laç, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana Durrës, TiranaThe SH 2 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects the capital Tirana across the counties of Durrës and Tirana to the second largest city of Durrës. It is currently part of the European route E762. Durrës, Tirana Elbasan, Korçë, TiranaThe SH 3 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Greece across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to the capital Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E86 and E852. Elbasan, Korçë, Librazhd, Pogradec, Tirana Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Tirana The SH 4 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Durrës across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to Greece. It is currently part of the European route E853 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Lushnjë, Rogozhina, Tepelenë Elbasan, Tirana The SH 7 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Rogozhina across the counties of Elbasan and Tirana to Elbasan. It is currently part of the Pan European Corridor VIII. Elbasan, Peqin, Rogozhina Fier, Vlorë The SH 8 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Fier across the counties of Fier, Vlorë to Sarandë. Fier, Himara, Sarandë, Vlorë Elbasan The SH 9 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Qafë Thanë across the county of Elbasan to North Macedonia. It is currently part of the European route E852. –
Шоссе 4 – скоростная автомагистраль, охватывающая территорию от Дурреса через округа Эльбасан, Корче и Тирана до Греции. В настоящее время является частью европейского маршрута E853 и будет частью Адриатическо-Ионической автомагистрали. Дуррес, Фиер, Джирокастер, Лушня, Рогожина, Тепелене.
Expressway County Length Description Cities Durrës, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana The SH 1 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Montenegro across the counties of Shkodër, Lezhë, Durrës and Tirana to the capital of Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E762 and E851 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Fushë Krujë, Koplik, Laç, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana Durrës, TiranaThe SH 2 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects the capital Tirana across the counties of Durrës and Tirana to the second largest city of Durrës. It is currently part of the European route E762. Durrës, Tirana Elbasan, Korçë, TiranaThe SH 3 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Greece across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to the capital Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E86 and E852. Elbasan, Korçë, Librazhd, Pogradec, Tirana Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Tirana The SH 4 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Durrës across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to Greece. It is currently part of the European route E853 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Lushnjë, Rogozhina, Tepelenë Elbasan, Tirana The SH 7 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Rogozhina across the counties of Elbasan and Tirana to Elbasan. It is currently part of the Pan European Corridor VIII. Elbasan, Peqin, Rogozhina Fier, Vlorë The SH 8 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Fier across the counties of Fier, Vlorë to Sarandë. Fier, Himara, Sarandë, Vlorë Elbasan The SH 9 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Qafë Thanë across the county of Elbasan to North Macedonia. It is currently part of the European route E852. –
Шоссе 7 – скоростная автомагистраль, охватывающая округа Эльбасан и Тирана. В настоящее время является частью Паневропейского коридора VIII. Эльбасан, Пекин, Рогожина.
Expressway County Length Description Cities Durrës, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana The SH 1 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Montenegro across the counties of Shkodër, Lezhë, Durrës and Tirana to the capital of Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E762 and E851 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Fushë Krujë, Koplik, Laç, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana Durrës, TiranaThe SH 2 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects the capital Tirana across the counties of Durrës and Tirana to the second largest city of Durrës. It is currently part of the European route E762. Durrës, Tirana Elbasan, Korçë, TiranaThe SH 3 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Greece across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to the capital Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E86 and E852. Elbasan, Korçë, Librazhd, Pogradec, Tirana Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Tirana The SH 4 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Durrës across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to Greece. It is currently part of the European route E853 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Lushnjë, Rogozhina, Tepelenë Elbasan, Tirana The SH 7 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Rogozhina across the counties of Elbasan and Tirana to Elbasan. It is currently part of the Pan European Corridor VIII. Elbasan, Peqin, Rogozhina Fier, Vlorë The SH 8 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Fier across the counties of Fier, Vlorë to Sarandë. Fier, Himara, Sarandë, Vlorë Elbasan The SH 9 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Qafë Thanë across the county of Elbasan to North Macedonia. It is currently part of the European route E852. –
Шоссе 8 – скоростная автомагистраль, охватывающая округа Фиер и Влоре до Саранды. Фиер, Химара, Саранде, Влоре.
Expressway County Length Description Cities Durrës, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana The SH 1 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Montenegro across the counties of Shkodër, Lezhë, Durrës and Tirana to the capital of Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E762 and E851 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Fushë Krujë, Koplik, Laç, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana Durrës, TiranaThe SH 2 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects the capital Tirana across the counties of Durrës and Tirana to the second largest city of Durrës. It is currently part of the European route E762. Durrës, Tirana Elbasan, Korçë, TiranaThe SH 3 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Greece across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to the capital Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E86 and E852. Elbasan, Korçë, Librazhd, Pogradec, Tirana Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Tirana The SH 4 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Durrës across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to Greece. It is currently part of the European route E853 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Lushnjë, Rogozhina, Tepelenë Elbasan, Tirana The SH 7 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Rogozhina across the counties of Elbasan and Tirana to Elbasan. It is currently part of the Pan European Corridor VIII. Elbasan, Peqin, Rogozhina Fier, Vlorë The SH 8 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Fier across the counties of Fier, Vlorë to Sarandë. Fier, Himara, Sarandë, Vlorë Elbasan The SH 9 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Qafë Thanë across the county of Elbasan to North Macedonia. It is currently part of the European route E852. –
Шоссе 9 – скоростная автомагистраль, охватывающая Кафе-Тане через округ Эльбасан в Северную Македонию. В настоящее время является частью европейского маршрута E852.
Expressway County Length Description Cities Durrës, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana The SH 1 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Montenegro across the counties of Shkodër, Lezhë, Durrës and Tirana to the capital of Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E762 and E851 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Fushë Krujë, Koplik, Laç, Lezhë, Shkodër, Tirana Durrës, TiranaThe SH 2 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects the capital Tirana across the counties of Durrës and Tirana to the second largest city of Durrës. It is currently part of the European route E762. Durrës, Tirana Elbasan, Korçë, TiranaThe SH 3 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Greece across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to the capital Tirana. It is currently part of the European routes E86 and E852. Elbasan, Korçë, Librazhd, Pogradec, Tirana Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Tirana The SH 4 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Durrës across the counties of Elbasan, Korçë, and Tirana to Greece. It is currently part of the European route E853 and will form part of the Adriatic–Ionian motorway. Durrës, Fier, Gjirokastër, Lushnjë, Rogozhina, Tepelenë Elbasan, Tirana The SH 7 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Rogozhina across the counties of Elbasan and Tirana to Elbasan. It is currently part of the Pan European Corridor VIII. Elbasan, Peqin, Rogozhina Fier, Vlorë The SH 8 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Fier across the counties of Fier, Vlorë to Sarandë. Fier, Himara, Sarandë, Vlorë Elbasan The SH 9 is an expressway, spanning The expressway connects Qafë Thanë across the county of Elbasan to North Macedonia. It is currently part of the European route E852. –
Велосипед в Албании
До падения коммунизма в Албании у большинства людей не было личных автомобилей. В столице Тиране доля велосипедного транспорта резко упала до 3% к 2014 году, но действует программа проката велосипедов, направленная на возрождение велосипедного движения. Сегодня Шкодер считается велосипедной столицей Албании, где в 2016 году на велосипедах ездили 30% населения.
Prior to the fall of communism in Albania, most people didn't have private cars. The capital Tirana had dropped dramatically to a 3% bicycle modeshare as of 2014, but has a bikeshare program working to revive bicycling. Today, Shkodër is the bicycle capital of Albania, with 30% of people biking as of 2016.