Рёдармарк: Географиялық орналасуы мен қалалық құрылымы

Rödermark is a town in the Offenbach district in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hesse, Germany, southeast of Frankfurt am Main and northeast of Darmstadt.

The town lies mostly in the Messeler Hügelland, a part of the Lower Main Plain with gentle hills. Differences in elevation are slight, reaching from about 130 m above sea level on the Rodau riverside flats east of Ober Roden up to about 200 m above sea level on the Bulau. Rödermark is surrounded by greenbelts, found mainly in the area of the river Rodau. The Rodau crosses the municipal area from west to east. The northern areas of Bulau, Messenhausen and Waldacker have a mainly residential function, whereas the main centres of Ober Roden and Urberach offer a complete infrastructure. The nearest Autobahn interchanges are ten kilometres away, and Frankfurt Airport some 25 km away. Rödermark lies within the area covered by the Rhein Main Verkehrsverbund, and on the grounds of Rödermark Ober Roden station’s favourable location, it is the terminus of Rhine Main S Bahn line S1 and a station on RMV line 61. The fiftieth parallel of north latitude (50°N) passes through the municipal area.

Rödermark borders in the north on the town of Dietzenbach, in the east on the town of Rodgau, in the south on the communities of Eppertshausen and Messel (both in Darmstadt Dieburg) and in the west on the town of Dreieich.

Rödermark’s Stadtteile are Messenhausen with 796 inhabitants, Ober Roden with 12,749 inhabitants, Urberach with 11,537 inhabitants, Waldacker with 2,885 inhabitants and Bulau (as at 30 June 2007).

Ober Roden is a local rail transport hub. From here begins line S 1 of the Rhine Main S Bahn towards Wiesbaden by way of Offenbach Ost, Frankfurt Hbf and Frankfurt Höchst. Also found in Ober Roden is an operational midpoint on the Dreieich Railway (Dreieichbahn) offering links to Urberach and Dreieich (from Dreieich Buchschlag to Langen, Darmstadt, Frankfurt Airport and Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof) and serving Dieburg in the other direction. From there connections are available to Aschaffenburg, Darmstadt and places in the Odenwald. In connection with the plans for the Regionaltangente West (RTW) project, running the Dreieichbahn with RTW trains was in the past considered. For Ober Roden this would have meant a direct rail link with Frankfurt Airport. The financing for the needed line expansion, however, is long term, and the project, at least for the present, does not appear in the general transport plan.

Urberach was until 31 December 1976 a self administering community in what was then the Dieburg district. Since municipal reform came into force in Hesse on 1 January 1977, Urberach has been a constituent community of Rödermark, and since then has also belonged to the Offenbach district. Nevertheless, Urberach dwellers today still feel more of a connection with Dieburg and Darmstadt than with Offenbach. Rödermark has developed itself in all its constituent communities into an attractive residential and living area. Adding to the town’s attractiveness are in particular the new work done on part of the town core in 2003 and 2004, the many shops there together with the market halls on the outskirts, a bathhouse with sauna facilities and greenspace (back in operation in June 2006 after conversion), the hilly location of Bulau with its great worth as a recreation area and other similar things. Urberach was in the past a centre for the potter’s craft. A pottery museum, a pottery market and the clay vessel in Urberach’s coat of arms all recall this great tradition. Urberach has been since 2002 the seat of the newly founded Berufsakademie Rhein Main, a professional academy whose focus is on economics and business informatics. Urberach dwellers call themselves Orwischer.

Rödermark was founded on 1 January 1977 out of the up until this point self administering communities of Ober Roden and Urberach. On 23 August 1980, Rödermark was officially granted town rights. The name goes back to the late mediaeval communal forest (marca raodora) known as the Rödermark. Celtic finds have been unearthed in archaeological digs in town.

There is some likelihood that there was once a convent in the community that was put under the Lorsch Abbey by Abbess Aba in 786, but final proof of this is still lacking. The settlement of Rotaha had its first documentary mention in 790 in a donation to the Lorsch Abbey. Furthermore, a Frankish nobleman named Erlulf donated all his holdings in Ober Roden, Nieder Roden and Bieber to the Lorsch Abbey on 22 April 791. In 903, the Rotaha monastery was confirmed as the Lorsch Abbey’s tenant. The parish church in Ober Roden is, like the abbey itself, consecrated to Saint Nazarius, and was Mother Church for Urberach, Nieder Roden, Messel and Dudenhofen. As part of the Amt of Steinheim, the village was sold in 1425 by the former landlords, the Lords of Eppstein, to Electoral Mainz. For the next several centuries the Electoral Prince Archbishop of Mainz was the landlord. In 1576 there were 80 households here, but in 1681 there were only 31 households and 117 inhabitants. In 1786, the communally held land shared by Ober Roden and several other villages was partitioned and shared out among Ober Roden, Nieder Roden, Urberach, Messel, Dietzenbach, Hainhausen, Jügesheim and Dudenhofen. The Amtsvogtei of Dieburg passed with Ober Roden after Secularization to Hesse. In 1829, Ober Roden had 1,295 inhabitants. In 1832, the place passed from the Landratsbezirk of Langen to the Offenbach district. From 1874 to 1977, the community belonged to the Dieburg district. In 1896, the Rodgaubahn (railway) from Offenbach am Main by way of Ober Roden to Dieburg was built, as was the Dreieichbahn by way of Urberach to Sprendlingen in 1905. In 1939, the community had 3,608 inhabitants. In 1957, Messenhausen merged with Ober Roden after having shared with it the same mayor since 1821, while still keeping its own municipal budget. In 1977 in the course of municipal reform in Hesse, Ober Roden was merged with Urberach, whereupon the new amalgamated municipality became Rödermark.

Urberach was named for the first time in 796 as a branch parish of Ober Roden according to the Lorsch codex. The place had its first documentary mention in 1275 as Orbruch. Electoral Mainz acquired the lordly rights over Urberach in the Late Middle Ages. The village belonged to the Mainz Amt of Dieburg. In 1280, part of Urberach ended up with Frankfurt as a fief. In 1305, an estate from Urbruch belonged to Ober Roden. In 1425, Urbruch and Ober Roden were sold to the Archbishop of Mainz. In 1706, the Archbishop of Mainz, Lothar Franz von Schönborn, ceded Urbarach to Count Johann Philipp of Isenburg Büdingen in exchange for Weisenau and Hechtsheim. Urberach thenceforth belonged to the Amt of Philippseich, a younger line of the House of Isenburg. In 1786 the Röder Mark was dissolved. After the Principality of Isenburg Birstein was dissolved in 1816, Urberach passed to the Grand Duchy of Hesse and has been Hessian ever since. In 1821, the community was grouped into the Landratsbezirk of Offenbach and in 1832 assigned to the Offenbach district. From 1874 to 1977, Urberach belonged to the Dieburg district. The population figure rose from 1,488 in 1861 to 2,807 in 1939 and 9,558 in 1978. In 1977 in the course of municipal reform in Hesse, Urberach was merged with Ober Roden, whereupon the new amalgamated municipality became Rödermark.

The village had its first documentary mention in 1282. In the time that followed, the Lords of Eppstein enfeoffed various noble families with Messenhausen. Up until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Lords of Frankenstein had been the fiefholders for centuries. In 1806, the community passed to the Grand Duchy of Hesse. In 1821, Messenhausen’s mayoral office was united with Ober Roden’s, although each place maintained its own budget up until 1957, when Messenhausen joined Ober Roden. Messenhausen had 80 inhabitants in 1829 and 605 in 1978.