Fiat Croma: Отбасылық Автомобильдер Тарихы

Name used for two different large family cars produced by Italian automaker Fiat

The Fiat Croma name was used for two distinct large family cars by Fiat, one a five door liftback manufactured and marketed from 1985 to 1996, and after a nine year hiatus, a crossover station wagon manufactured and marketed from 2005 to 2010.

The original Croma (Type 154) was a five door notchback liftback styled by Giorgetto Giugiaro of Italdesign using the Type Four platform, cooperatively used with the Saab 9000, Lancia Thema and Alfa Romeo 164. Released in December 1985, it was marketed in the large family car segment, replacing the Argenta in the Fiat lineup. The Croma was the first large car produced by Fiat to feature a transverse mounted engine and front wheel drive.

The Croma received a light facelift for 1988, first shown in Frankfurt in September 1987. The black plastic between the rear lamps was now ridged rather than smooth, the lower portion of the bumpers were body coloured, and the turn signals received clear glass rather than amber. The front appearance received some other light modifications to bring appearance in line with that of the recently introduced Tipo. A more significant facelift was released in January 1991, with a new front design, including changes to the lights, bumpers, grille and sheet metal changes to wings and bonnet. Also in 1991, the direct injected diesel engine was equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger ("VNT"). Another facelift was released in June 1993. Production ended in December 1996, and Fiat left the large family car segment. The Bravo/Brava based Fiat Marea small family car debuted at the same time as the Croma's cancellation.

In March 2005, Fiat announced a large crossover wagon with an upright tailgate, reminiscent of that of the Fiat Stilo, resurrecting the Croma nameplate. Giugiaro once again styled the exterior, while the chassis was provided via the short lived link with General Motors. The new Croma (Type 194) is therefore based on the extended variant of the GM Epsilon platform sharing components with the Opel Vectra, Opel Signum and Saab 9 3. It went on sale in Italy in June 2005. The car was shown in the Geneva Motor Show in 2005. Unlike the previous model, and aware of its lack of image in the upper market segments, Fiat opted for not developing a standard large family car, but developing a "Comfort Wagon", an automobile with design elements of both estates and large MPVs. Its height of falls between the Mitsubishi Grandis and Ford S Max large MPVs ( and respectively) and SEAT Altea XL In February 2007, Fiat UK announced that the Croma would no longer be generally available in the United Kingdom, after less than 900 were sold in 2005. The car was still offered, but only on special order, with RHD models manufactured to customer specifications. Production of the second generation Croma ceased in the end of 2010 and was replaced by the Dodge based Fiat Freemont.

The Croma has seven airbags as standard, including one knee bag for the driver. As standard, the Croma is equipped with anti lock braking system and electronic brakeforce distribution. It has a five star Euro NCAP crash rating for adult occupant protection:

The Croma got a major facelift in November 2007, and was termed the Nuova Croma. A new grille (Bravo look) and rear bumper, as well as some material changes inside are the main differences. Fiat now designates the revised model as "Station Wagon" instead of the previously used term "Comfort Wagon". The Nuova Croma was only sold in mainland Europe, excluding the United Kingdom.

The Croma, built at Fiat's Cassino factory, had three trim levels and five engine options. Like the chassis, petrol engines were supplied by Opel, beginning with the brand new evolution of the Family 1 Ecotec 1.8 L with , followed by the torquier L850 Ecotec 2.2 L with
However, the bulk of the sales is represented by Fiat's own Multijet engine, available in three variants 1.9 L with 8 valves and , 1.9 L with 16 valves and , and the range topping, five cylinder 2.4 L 20V with The diesel engines were fitted with a standard six speed manual gearbox, a six speed automatic was also available and was standard fitment on the 2.4 engines.

ModelEngineDisplacementPowerTorque1.8 MPI 16VDOHC 16V I41796 cc at 6300 rpm at 3800 rpm2.2 MPI 16VDOHC 16V I42198 cc at 5800 rpm at 4000 rpm

ModelEngineDisplacementPowerTorque1.9 MultiJet 8VSOHC 8V I41910 cc at 4,000 rpm at 2,000 rpm1.9 MultiJet 16VDOHC 16V I41910 cc at 4,000 rpm at 2,000 rpm2.4 MultiJet 20VDOHC 20V I52387 cc at 4,000 rpm at 2,000 rpm