Хювинкяа: Финляндия қаласының тарихы мен географиясы

Town in Uusimaa, Finland

Hyvinkää (; Hyvinge, ) is a town in Finland, located in the southern interior of the country. Hyvinkää is situated in the northern part of the Uusimaa region. The population of Hyvinkää is approximately It is the most populous municipality in Finland. Hyvinkää is part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, which has approximately  million inhabitants. Hyvinkää is located approximately north of the capital Helsinki. The city was granted its charter in 1960. The municipality shares borders with Riihimäki and Hausjärvi to the north, Mäntsälä to the east, Tuusula and Nurmijärvi to the south, and Vihti and Loppi to the west. Highways, such as the Tampere Highway (E12) and Hanko Highway, as well as rail connections, make it one of the suburban commuter centres of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. The city planning has placed emphasis on recreational facilities. Hyvinkää is home to several well known buildings, including the 1961 church and the Kytäjä manor house. Additionally, the Finnish Railway Museum is located in Hyvinkää. Kytäjä Golf is located in the village of Kytäjä in the Hyvinkää countryside. Hyvinkää is also home to Konecranes, which specialises in the manufacture and service of cranes, and KONE Elevators, the world's third largest elevator company, which manufactures, installs and services elevators and escalators.

In the 16th century there was a tavern in the area now known as Hyvinkäänkylä (literally "the village of Hyvinkää"), which lies approximately halfway between Helsinki and Hämeenlinna. It was mentioned the first time in 1495 as Höffinga. The first tax catalogues also marked the existence of some houses in the area around the same time. During the 16th century there was also a mine close to current day Kytäjä village. Hyvinkää village gradually grew in the latter half of the 19th century, though it was the construction of the railway network through Finland, beginning in 1861, that marked the starting point for the town's rapid growth. Hyvinkää, who still belonged to the Nurmijärvi parish at that time, resigned in 1917 as its own parishioner. The construction of Finland's first stretch of railroad, the Helsinki–Hämeenlinna line, determined the location of the present city centre and the railway station of Hyvinkää is one of the few original stations still in use. From Hyvinkää the railway also branches off to the port of Hanko. The Hanko–Hyvinkää Railroad was the first private railroad in Finland, founded in 1862, and acquired by the Finnish State RR Co. in 1875. In the early 20th century, the station village in Hyvinkää was an intermediate stopping point for many emigrants leaving by ship from Hanko for a new life in North America. The air quality of Hyvinkää was considered healthy due to dense pine forests, and in the 1880s a group of physicians from Helsinki opened a sanatorium for patients seeking rest and recuperation. Industrialization brought a wool factory to Hyvinkää in 1892 – the Donner family's Hyvinge Yllespinneri. The factory ceased operation in the 1990s, but the red brick halls still remain. The building has found several new uses, including an exhibition centre and a theater. Hyvinkää Airfield served as the country's main airport for a short time after the second World War while Helsinki Malmi Airport was under the control of the Allied Powers. There is now a motorsports centre near the airfield. Hyvinkää's population grew quickly following the Second World War. It became home to many Finnish Karelian refugees after Karelia was handed out to Soviet Union by the Moscow Peace Treaty. Nowadays Hyvinkää is the sixth biggest town by inhabitants of Uusimaa.

The city of Hyvinkää has inhabitants, making it the most populous municipality in Finland. The city of Hyvinkää is part of the Helsinki metropolitan area, which is the largest urban area in Finland with inhabitants. In Hyvinkää, 7.9% of the population has a foreign background, which is below the national average.

Hyvinkää is a monolingual Finnish speaking municipality. The majority of the population people or speak Finnish as their first language. In Hyvinkää, people, or of the population, speak Swedish.|group=note The number of residents who were born abroad was 3,418, or 7.3% of the population. The number of persons with foreign citizenship living in Hyvinkää was 2,421.

There are three health care centers in Hyvinkää. Hyvinkää hospital is one of largest general hospitals in Finland. The emergency unit services 24 hours in day.

There are twenty primary schools in Hyvinkää: Anttila school (grades 1–2), Asema school (and the English classes of Hyvinkää), Hakala school, Hyvinkäänkylä school, Hämeenkatu school, Härkävehmas school (grades 3–9), Kaukas school, Kytäjä school, Martti school, Noppo school, Paavola school, Pohjoispuisto school (grades 7–9), Puolimatka school (grades 1–9), Ridasjärvi school, Svenska skolan i Hyvinge (Grades 1–6), Talvisilta school (Grades 1–2), Tapainlinna school (Grades 1–9), Uusikylä school and Vehkoja school (grades 3–9). As of 2021 there is only high school in Hyvinkää following the merger of Hyvinkään yhteiskoulun lukio and Hyvinkään Sveitsin lukio.

Hyvinkää is an important railway city, located on the primary rail route in southern Finland. Station building is one of the original Helsinki Hämeenlinna railway stations in original use. The city is also home to the Finnish Railway Museum and a VR maintenance area. Hyvinkää also has another railway line, the Hyvinkää Karis railway towards Hanko (founded on 8 October 1873). Passenger traffic between Hyvinkää and Karis ended in September 1983, but the railway is still in use by VR Cargo.

Hyvinkää airfield was the main airport of Finland in 1944–1947, when Helsinki Malmi Airport was in use by the Allied Commission. Finnair used Hyvinkää as a major hub. Finnair's DC 3 pilots trained to fly at Hyvinkää airfield in 1948. Since the 1950s, the airfield has mainly been in use by general aviation. Aviation clubs including Jukolan Pilotit, Mäntsälän Ilmailukerho and Hyvinkään Ilmailukerho operate from the airfield as of 2020.

The Local bus service is operated by Hyvinkään Liikenne. There are six local bus lines.

Hyvinkää has a large variety of sports. Hyvinkään Tahko plays pesäpallo at men's top league, Superpesis. Hyvinkää Falcons plays american football in nation's second level in both men's and women's league system. Hyvinkään Palloseura or HyPS plays association football in the fourth division in men's and in the fifth division in women's football. Hyvinkää has three men's ice hockey teams of which Hoki Klupi Hyvinkää plays in the fourth division and Hyvinkää Bruins and Hyvinkää Storm in the fifth division. In basketball Hyvinkään Ponteva plays in men's 1st Division B and in women's second division. Vauhtipuisto, Hyvinkää Speedway track is a motorcycle speedway venue located to the north east of the city in the motor sport complex, adjacent to the Hyvinkaa Airfield. The complex also features a motocross and a race track. The speedway track has held the final of the Finnish Individual Speedway Championship on four occasions in 1992, 2013, 2016 and 2021.

In the Summer, there is an annual beer festival which attracts rock bands from Scandinavia and about 10,000 visitors.

The educational department takes part in Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 in Finland.