Хорватия патшалары мен әміршілерінің тарихы (925–1918)

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This is a complete list of dukes and kings of Croatia under domestic ethnic and elected dynasties during the Croatian Kingdom (925–1918). This article follows the monarch's title number according to Hungarian succession for convenience. For example, the Hungarian monarch Béla IV is according to Croatian succession correctly titled Béla III. This is because Hungarians had a king named Béla prior to the incorporation of Croatia under the Hungarian Crown but the Croats did not.

The details of the arrival of the Croats in the Balkans are sparsely documented by more or less reliable historical sources. Around late 6th and early 7th century, Croats migrated from White Croatia (around present day Galicia). According to a legend recorded in the 10th century De Administrando Imperio, the Croats came to their present region under the leadership of five brothers (called Kloukas, Lobelos, Kosentzis, Mouchlo, and Chrobatos) and of two sisters (called Touga and Bouga), and successfully fought and expelled the Pannonian Avars influence in the Roman province of Dalmatia. It is theorized that one of the brothers, Chrobatos gave his name to the Croats as a whole, although mainstream historians dismiss this notion as not verifiable. The Croats started gradually converting to Christianity under the rule of Porga in the 7th century.

Name Reign NotesFather of Porga first part of the 7th century Archon when the Croats fought and expelled the Pannonian Avars and received approval by Heraclius (610–641) to settle in Dalmatia. Porga first part of the 7th century Archon when the Croats started to be baptized into Christianity during the time of Heraclius (610–641), or Constans II (641–668).

The areas of modern day Croatia located in the Pannonian plain had also been settled by Slavic tribes in the early Middle Ages, and history recorded some of their rulers. Portrait Name Reign start Reign end Notes Vojnomir c. 790 c. 810
Non contemporaryLjudevitc. 810 c. 823 Ratimir c. 829 c. 838 Braslav c. 882 c. 896 Had for spouse Ventescela.

Slavic tribes known as the Croats settled to areas of present day Croatia around the beginning of the 7th century, and their rulers started to be recorded in historical records in the late 8th century. Portrait Name Reign start Reign end Notes Višeslav c. 785 c. 802 Višeslav left behind a baptismal font, surviving to this day, which mentioned him being a duke (although duke of an unspecified region). Since the baptismal font was found in Nin, which was believed to be inhabited Croats at the time, Višeslav is considered by Croatian historiography as a Croatian duke. Non contemporaryBorna c. 810 821 Possibly son of Višeslav. Vassal of Frankish Emperor Charlemagne. His titles were Duke of the Guduscani, Duke of Dalmatia and Liburnia. Since Croats inhabited those areas at the time, he is considered a Croatian duke. Vladislav 821 c. 823 Nephew of Borna. Ljudemislc. 823c. 835 Some sources claim he may have killed Ljudevit, the Pannonian duke. Mislav c. 835 c. 845 House of Trpimirović Trpimir c. 845 864 Founder of the Trpimirović dynasty Zdeslav 864 864 Son of Trpimir House of DomagojevićDomagoj 864 876 Overthrew Zdeslav. Iljko 876 878 Later killed during a civil war. House of Trpimirović Zdeslav 878 879 Restored ruler, overthrew the unnamed son of Domagoj. Killed by Branimir in May 879. House of DomagojevićBranimir 879 c. 892 Had for spouse earliest known Croatian female ruler Maruša (Mariosa). House of Trpimirović Muncimir 892 910 Son of Trpimir. Also called Mutimir. Tomislav I 910 925

On 1 January 1527, the Croatian Parliament met in Cetin to elect Ferdinand I of Habsburg as the new King of Croatia. The Habsburg monarchy had annexed the lands of Dalmatia after the Napoleonic War of the First Coalition. The Kingdom of Dalmatia was a crown land of the Austrian Empire (1815–1867) and the Cisleithanian half of Austria Hungary (1867–1918). Portrait Name Reign Consort(s) NotesHouse of Habsburg Ferdinand I 1 January 1527 25 July 1564 (37 years)Anne of Hungary (d.1547)Brother in law of Ludovik II. Claimed the throne according to the agreement between the House of Jagiellon and the House of Habsburg. Elected by the Sabor as King in January 1527. Maximilian 8 September 1563 12 October 1576 (13 years)Maria of SpainSon of Ferdinand I. Ruled during Battle of Szigetvár and Croatian Slovene Peasant Revolt. Rudolf 25 September 1572 26 June 1608 (35 years)NoneSon of Maximilian. Ruled during Battle of Sisak. Abdicated in favor of his younger brother Matthias II. Matija II 26 June 1608 20 March 1619 (10 years)Anna of Tyrol (d.1618)Brother of Rudolf and son of Maximilian. Ferdinand II 1 July 1618 15 February 1637 (18 years)Eleonora of Mantua (m.1622)First cousin of Matija II, and Grandson of Ferdinand I. In 1630, he issued Statuta Valachorum that placed Vlachs (mainly Orthodox Serbs) in the Military Frontier under the direct rule by Vienna, removing the Sabor's jurisdiction over them. Ferdinand III 8 December 1625 2 April 1657 (31 years)Maria Anna of Spain (m.1631 d.1646) Maria Leopoldine of Austria (m.1648 d.1649) Eleonora of Mantua (m.1651) Son of Ferdinand II. Ended the Thirty Years War. Ferdinand IV 16 June 1647 9 July 1654 (7 years)None Son of Ferdinand IV and co king. Leopold I 27 June 1657 5 May 1705 (47 years)Margaret Theresa of Spain (m.1666 d.1673) Claudia Felicitas of Austria (m.1673 d.1676) Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg (m.1676)Son of Ferdinand III. Crushed the Zrinski–Frankopan Conspiracy and abolished the right of the Sabor to elect a king. In 1669, he founded the University of Zagreb. Josip I 5 May 1705 17 April 1711 (10 years)Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick Son of Leopold I. Karlo III 11 April 1711 20 October 1740 (29 years)Elizabeth Christina of BrunswickBrother of Josip I and son of Leopold I. Issued and edict called the Pragmatic Sanction where he acknowledged female inheritance of the Austrian crown after extinction of the male line and thus enabling his daughter Marija Terezija to become sovereign. Marija Terezija 20 October 1740 29 November 1780 (40 years)Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (d.1765) Daughter of Karlo III. Divided Croatia into counties (županije). In 1767, she formed a Croatian Royal Council (Consilium Regium) until 1779 when she abolished it. She conducted military and economy reforms, especially concerning serfdom and schooling. Josip II 29 November 1780 20 February 1790 (9 years)NoneSon of Marija Terezija. Abolished serfdom and conducted a partial Germanization of Croatian lands. Leopold II 20 February 1790 1 March 1792 (2 years)Maria Louisa of Spain Brother of Josip II and son of Marija Terezija. Franjo 1 March 1792 2 March 1835 (43 years)Maria Theresa of Sicily (d.1807)
Maria Ludovica of Modena (m.1808 d.1816) Caroline Augusta of Bavaria (m.1816)Son of Leopold II. Consolidated the Habsburg Monarchy into the Austrian Empire in response to the downfall of the Holy Roman Empire. Nominally the last Holy Roman Emperor. Ferdinand V 28 September 1830 2 December 1848 (18 years)Maria Anna of Sardinia (m.1831)Son of Franjo. Being epileptic, he abdicated in favour of his nephew Franjo Josip due to the Revolutions of 1848. Ferdinand V died in 1875. Franjo Josip 2 December 1848 21 November 1916 (67 years)Elizabeth of Bavaria (m. 1854 d.1898) Nephew of Ferdinand V and Grandson of Franjo. Longest reigning Croatian monarch. During his reign, Croatian lands (Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia) were unified by Ban Josip Jelačič in 1848. In 1867, he reorganized the monarchy into a dual Austrian and Hungarian part. From 1868, the Kingdom of Croatia Slavonia was an autonomous kingdom within the Kingdom of Hungary. Blessed Karlo IV 21 November 1916 1 April 1922 (5 years)Zita of Parma Grand nephew of Franjo Josip and Great great grandson of Franjo. In his coronation oath to the Sabor (Croatian Parliament), he acknowledged the unity of Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia with Rijeka. During the last days of the monarchy he accepted the trialist manifest on creating a so called "Zvonimir's Kingdom". He reigned until 1918, when he renounced participation in state affairs, but did not abdicate. The Sabor ended the union of Croatia with Hungary and Austria on 29 October 1918 but never dethroned King Karlo IV. He spent the remaining years of his life attempting to restore the monarchy until his death in 1922. Beatified by the Catholic Church.

After the World War I and the breakup of Austria Hungary, Croatia joined a newly formed State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Following a brief period of self rule, that state became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes under the Karađorđević dynasty. The name of the kingdom was changed in 1929, amid unitarianist reforms, to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. After the Treaty of Rapallo in 1920 Istria and parts of Dalmatia were annexed to Kingdom of Italy. On the basis of the Cvetković–Maček Agreement, and the Decree on the Banate of Croatia dated 24 August 1939, the Banate of Croatia was created. Under the Agreement elected Sabor and a crown appointed ban would decide internal matters in Croatia. Portrait Name Reign Consort(s) NotesHouse of KarađorđevićPetar I 1 December 1918 16 August 1921 (2 years)None Son of Aleksandar, Prince of Serbia. After King Alexander I Obrenović was murdered during the May Coup of 1903, Peter Karađorđević became the new king of Serbia. Later he became King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Aleksandar 16 August 1921 9 October 1934 (13 years)Maria of Romania (m.1922)Son of Petar I. He changed the name of the country to Kingdom of Yugoslavia and established a royal dictatorship. Assassinated by the VMRO with Ustaše support in 1934 in Marseille. Petar II 9 October 1934 29 November 1945 Alexandra of Greece (m.1944)Son of Aleksandar. His uncle Pavle served as Regent until 1941. Part of the Yugoslav government in exile after the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941. Monarchy was formally abolished in the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia on 29 November 1945.

In 1941, Croatia was occupied by the Axis powers along with the rest of Yugoslavia. The Independent State of Croatia was set as a puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Soon after its creation, the state government passed three laws on the creation of the Crown of Zvonimir, which made the country de jure a kingdom. Three days later the Treaties of Rome were signed. The Italian Prince Aimone of Savoy Aosta was designated King of Croatia. Numerous Adriatic islands and a portion of Dalmatia were annexed by Italy, which all combined to become the Italian Governonate of Dalmatia. On September 10, 1943 Independent State of Croatia declared that the Treaties of Rome were null and void and annexed the portion of Dalmatia that had been ceded to Italy. Portrait Name Reign Consort(s) NotesHouse of Savoy Tomislav II (King designate) 18 May 1941 31 July 1943 Irene of GreeceTomislav II established a Croatian royal office (kraljevski stol) in Florence and later in Rome. He had at first refused to assume the kingship in opposition to the Italian annexation of the Dalmatia region, and is therefore referred to in some sources as king designate. He abdicated on 31 July 1943 after the dismissal of Benito Mussolini on the orders of Victor Emmanuel III.