АҚШ Әскери-теңіз күштерінің «Китти Хок» классындағы әскери кемелер

Class of U. S. supercarriers

The Kitty Hawk class supercarriers of the United States Navy were an incremental improvement on the vessels. Three were built, all in the 1960s, Kitty Hawk (1961–2009), Constellation (1961–2003), and America (1965–1996), as well as the variant John F. Kennedy (1967–2007). All are now decommissioned.

The biggest differences from the Forrestals are greater length, and a different placement of elevators; two are forward of the island, one is aft of the island and another on the portside stern. The movement of the No. 4 elevator from the forward to the after end of the angle made it useful for aircraft movement, since the forward end elevator in the Forrestals was sited in both the landing path and in the launch path of the waist catapults. Three different shipyards were used to construct the ships. Kitty Hawk was built at New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Constellation at New York Naval Shipyard, America and John F. Kennedy at Newport News Shipbuilding. John F. Kennedy is similar to the earlier units in flight deck arrangement and propulsion, but has enough differences that she is placed in her own class. Propulsion consisted of four Westinghouse geared turbines, , four shafts with eight Foster Wheeler boilers.

The initial design for the class was known as SCB 127, and Kitty Hawk and Constellation were completed to design SCB 127A. The first three units were constructed with a Terrier surface to air missile system. The supporting missile launchers and AN/SPG 55 radars consumed a large amount of space, while at the same time duplicating the capabilities of the air defence escorts, and were later removed. John F. Kennedy did not have Terrier and was built with the shorter ranged Sea Sparrow, Basic Point Defense Missile System (BPDMS). All were eventually equipped with NATO Sea Sparrow (NSSM) and Phalanx CIWS for self defense. In 2001, Kitty Hawk received two Rolling Airframe Missile launchers replacing the forward Sea Sparrow and Phalanx CIWS equipment. The SLQ 32 Electronic Warfare Suite was added as part of the Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) on Kitty Hawk and Constellation. America was designed under project SCB 127B and so had several differences from the lead units of the class. but because she received so many modifications under project SCB 127C, From 1990 to 1992, Constellation received her $800 million service life extension also in Philadelphia. The program was intended to add 15 years to the life of the ships. John F. Kennedy was not overhauled as part of SLEP. Instead, from 1993 to 1995, she received a $491 million overhaul. It was the final project of Philadelphia Naval Shipyard prior to its closing. America had been scheduled to be overhauled under the service life extension program after Constellation, but she was decommissioned 9 August 1996 instead, during a time of budget cuts after the Cold War. America was in very poor condition when she was decommissioned, and therefore despite her historical significance was not held as a donation asset. She was expended as a live fire target and sunk on 14 May 2005. Constellation was decommissioned 7 August 2003. John F. Kennedy was decommissioned on 23 March 2007. Only Kitty Hawk remained in service as of early 2008 and was replaced by George Washington as the forward deployed carrier in Japan. Kitty Hawk returned to the United States after the turnover. She was decommissioned on 12 May 2009.

Name Hull Number Photo Builder Ordered Laid Down Launched Commissioned Decommissioned Fate SourceKitty Hawk class Kitty Hawk CV 63 New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey 1 October 1955 27 December 1956 21 May 1960 29 April 1961 12 May 2009 Undergoing scrapping [] Constellation CV 64 New York Naval Shipyard, New York City 1 July 1956 14 September 1957 8 October 1960 27 October 1961 7 August 2003 Broken up at Brownsville, 2015 [] America CV 66 Newport News Shipbuilding, Newport News, Virginia 25 November 1960 9 January 1961 1 February 1964 23 January 1965 9 August 1996 Sunk as target, 14 May 2005 []John F. Kennedy class variant John F. Kennedy CV 67 Newport News Shipbuilding, Newport News, Virginia 30 April 1964 22 October 1964 27 May 1967 7 September 1968 23 March 2007 To be dismantled []