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During the early years of spaceflight only nation states had the resources to develop and fly spacecraft. Both the U. S. space program and Soviet space program were operated using mainly military (ex Airforce) pilots as astronauts. During this period, no commercial space launches were available to private operators, and no private organization was able to offer space launches. In the 1980s, the European Space Agency created Arianespace, the world's first commercial space transportation company, and, following the Challenger disaster, the American government deregulated the American space transportation market as well. In the 1990s the Russian government sold their majority stake in RSC Energia to private investors (although it has recently renationalized the Russian space sector in 2013–2014.) These events for the first time allowed private organizations to purchase, develop and offer space launch services; beginning the period of private spaceflight in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Company Location No. of probes launched Comments Brown Engineering Company Huntsville, AL United States Rover for Apollo lunar program China National Space Administration China for Chang'e 3 program in 2013 Deep Space Industries Mountain View, CA United States Lavochkin Russia rovers for Lunokhod 1 NASA JPL United States for ATHLETE lunar missions, Mars Pathfinder, Opportunity and Spirit rover ISRO India Chandrayaan 1, Chandrayaan 2, Mars Orbiter Mission Planetary Resources Redmond, WA United States Arkyd 100 for asteroid searching

Company Location Production NotesOrbital Machines ASTrondheim, Norway and Berlin, GermanyElectric propellant pumps for launch vehicles and spacecraftComat Flourens, France Space Equipment mechanism expert, from design to MAIT (Manufacturing, Assembly, Integration, Test). SmallSat off the shelf solutions including ADCS (reaction wheels range), SADM, deployable structure and electric propulsion (Plasma Jet Pack)COMAT’s reaction wheels and deployable antennas have been selected for use on the upcoming Kineis IoT constellation. Astro und Feinwerktechnik Berlin, Germany Design, Manufacturing, Assembly, Integration and Verification of small satellite buses (TET 1, launched July 2012) and components. Attitude control components (reaction wheels, gyro system, GPS receiver, magnetometer)
Supplier of space systems and ISS payload NightPodBradford SpaceNew York, NYSupplier of green propulsion systems, rocket engines, Sun sensors, reaction wheels, acceleration measurement units, and astronaut workstations. Over 100 thrusters in space Dynetics Madison, AL United States used on Sundancer and Ares I Tethers Unlimited, Inc. Seattle, WA United States De Orbiting Devices, Deployable Solar Arrays, Propulsion Systems, Radio Communications, and Robotics RUAG Space Switzerland Structures, Fairings, Mechanisms, Opto Electronics AB 360 Space United States manufacturer of CLEPS C100 Combined electric Propulsion systems, Adjustable Thruster Engines for Mars travel GAUSS Srl Rome, Italy Complete Space Platforms, Nanosatellites Structures and Deployers, OBDH, EPS, Radio Communications, Solar Panels and Groundstation systems GomSpace Denmark, Luxembourg, Sweden 1U to 16U platforms and structures, propulsion systems, software defined radio, S /X /VHF band antennas, ADCS suite, electrical power systems, solar panels, on board computers, ground equipment etc. Andrews Space Seattle, WA United States Jena OptronikJena, GermanyAttitude and Orbit Control Systems (AOCS) sensors: star sensors, Sun sensors, rendezvous and docking sensors; Optical space instruments and components: multi spectral imager (e. g. JSS 56 for RapidEye satellite constellation), efficient radiometer (e. g. METimage), electronic as well as opto mechanical subsystems and components for operational Earth observation (e. g. for Copernicus Sentinel missions) Pumpkin, Inc San Francisco, CA United States CubeSat Kits Mynaric Munich Germany Laser communication equipment for airborne and spaceborne communication networks, so called constellations. Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace Kongsberg Norway Kongsberg Adaptive Rotational Mechanism Assembly [KARMA] in configuration as Solar Array Drive Mechanism (SADM), used on Rosetta (spacecraft), Mars Express, Venus Express, Sentinel 1, Sentinel 3 and BepiColombo MTM. Drive electronics for Sentinel 1 and BepiColombo MTM. Booster attachment struts, including separation function, for Ariane 5. Production Corporation Polyot Russia Rocketstar Robotics Inc Camarillo, CA United States Space Interferometry Mission Optical Shutter Mechanisms Sierra Space United States formerly SpaceDev, owned by Sierra Space Clyde Space United Kingdom Power System Electronics, Batteries, Solar Panels, Attitude Control Systems Acquired by ÅAC Microtec Astro Aerospace Carpinteria, CA United States Deployable mechanisms, spacecraft structures, AstroMesh deployable reflector, deployable booms, large and small aperature mesh reflector antennas, STEM (Storable Tubular Extendable Member), hinge mechanisms, A special business unit of Northrop Grumman TRANSPACE Technologies Bangalore, KA India On Board Satellite Sub Systems Fabrication, Testing, Reliability Analysis and PCB Design Approved Vendor for ISRO Satellite Center, India RadioBro Corporation Huntsville, Alabama United States Small Spacecraft Communications, Flight Readiness Testing, Training Services Howco Additive Manufacturing Houston, Texas, United States 3D Printing Aerospace Components in In718 and Titanium Solar MEMS Technologies Spain Sun Sensors for Satellites krypton technology solutionsUnited States Small Spacecraft components, on orbit servicing,1U to 24U spacecraft buses CisLunar IndustriesUnited States Power supplies for electric propulsion systems and space hardware