Прованстың тарихы және Каталония билігіне өтуі

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The land of Provence has a history quite separate from that of any of the larger nations of Europe. Its independent existence has its origins in the frontier nature of the dukedom in Merovingian Gaul. In this position, influenced and affected by several different cultures on different sides, the Provençals maintained a unity which was reinforced when the region was made a separate kingdom during the Carolingian decline of the later ninth century. When Boso of Provence acquired the region in 879, it was known as Lower Burgundy until it was merged with Upper Burgundy in 933 to form the Kingdom of Arles. The counts of Arles began calling themselves "count of Provence"; although in name vassals, they were de facto autonomous princes. She abdicated in 1112 to her eldest daughter, soon after her marriage to the count of Barcelona. |}

Name Born Reign Consort Death Notes Douce I c.1090Daughter of and Gerberga 1112–1127 Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona3 February 1112Arlesfive children 1127 Ruled together with her husband, the Catalan Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona.

With a lack of interest in the Reconquista on their southern frontier, the Catalans turned towards their origins, the Mediterranean littoral and northwards. They coveted the region between the Cévennes and the Rhône, then under the control of Toulouse. In 1112, the count of Barcelona, Ramon Berenguer III, married the heiress of Provence, Douce, who was the daughter of the Countess Gerberga of Provence, Gévaudan, Carladais, and part of Rodez. The marriage was probably taken at the urging of the church, which was then in conflict with the House of Toulouse. In 1076, Count Raymond IV was excommunicated, but he still lent his support to Aicard, the deposed archbishop of Arles (since 1080). With the count away on the First Crusade, the church took the opportunity to seize the balance of power in the region. This marriage effectively put Provence under Catalan control. To accommodate the longstanding claims of the count of Toulouse, in 1125, Raymond's heir, Alfonso Jordan, signed a treaty whereby his family's traditional claim to the title of "Margrave of Provence" was recognised and the march of Provence was defined as the region north of the lower Durance and on the right of the Rhône, including the castles of Beaucaire, Vallabrègues, and Argence. The region between the Durance, the Rhône, the Alps, and the sea was that of the county and belonged to the house of Barcelona. Avignon, Pont de Sorgues, Caumont and Le Thor remained undivided. Internally, Provence was racked by uncertainties over rights of succession. Douce and Ramon Berenguer signed all charters jointly until her death in 1127, after which he alone appears as count in all charters until his death in 1131. At that time, Douce's younger sister, Stephanie was married to Raymond of Baux, who promptly laid claim to the inheritance of her mother, even though Provence had peacefully passed into the hands of her nephew, Berenguer Ramon I.

RulerBornReignDeathRuling partConsortNotesRamon Berenguer I the GreatEl Gran11 November 1082RodezSon of Ramon Berenguer IIand Mafalda of Apulia Calabria1112 –19 July 113119 July 1131Barcelonaaged 48County of ProvenceMaría Rodríguez de Vivarbr/>1103two childrenAlmodis de Mortain1106no childrenDouce I, Countess of Provence3 February 1112Arlesseven childrenHis last marriage with the heiress of Provence brought it under Barcelona domain. His reign saw a proliferation of Provençal culture in Catalonia. Alfonso Jordan 1103TripoliSon of Count Raymond IV of Toulouse and Elvira of Castile 1125 16 August 114816 August 1148Caesareaaged 44–45Margraviate of Provence Faydite d'Uzèsc.1125four children Also Count of Toulouse. Obtained half of Provence by the division agreement of 1125. William IIIc.1080Son of Ermengol IV, Count of Urgell and Adelaide, Countess of Forcalquier1129 –7 October 11297 October 1129Avignonaged 48–49County of ForcalquierGersende of Albonc.1080two children Came from the Urgell branch of the House of Barcelona. Inherited the neighbouring County of Forcalquier. Guiguesc.1090?First son of William III of Forcalquier and Gersende of Albon7 October 1129 –11491149aged 58–59County of ForcalquierUnknownone child His child probably predeceased him, as he was succeeded by his brother. Regency of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona (1144–1157)In August 1161, he travelled to Turin with his uncle to obtain confirmation of his countship in Provence from the Emperor Frederick I, for Provence was legally a fief of the Holy Roman Empire. Ramon Berenguer II c.1135Son of Berenguer Ramon I and Beatrice of MelgueilMarch 1144 – March 1166March 1166Niceaged 30–31County of Provence Richeza of Poland17 November 1161one childRaymond I 1134TripoliSon of Alfonso Jordan and Faydite d'Uzès16 August 1148 December 1194 December 1194Nîmesaged 59–60Margraviate of Provence Constance of Francec.1154(annulled 1166)five children Also Count of Toulouse as Raymond V. Bertrand I1104Second son of William III of Forcalquier and Gersende of Albon1149 –11511151aged 46–47County of ForcalquierJosserande de la Flotte1130three childrenBertrand IIc.1130?First son of Bertrand I and Josserande de la Flotte1151 –13 May 120713 May 1207aged 76–77County of ForcalquierCecilia of Bézierstwo children Left no male heirs, and was succeeded by his brother. Regency of Richeza of Poland (1166 1167)She ruled a few months, as her half brother in law, Alfonso II of Aragon, claimed Provence for himself on the basis of the imperial enfeoffment of 1162. Douce II c.1162Daughter of Ramon Berenguer II and Richeza of Poland March 1166 – 1167 1172Niceaged 9–10County of Provence UnmarriedAlphonse I the TroubadourEl Trobador1 25 March 1157HuescaSon of Ramon Berenguer IV and Petronilla1167 – 117325 April 1196Perpignanaged 44County of Provencemarriage agreement withMafalda of Portugal 1159 1162, not fulfilledSancha of Castile18 January 1174Zaragozaseven children Formal union of the Kingdom of Aragon and Barcelona. Alfonso also reunited various feudal dependencies. In August 1161, he travelled to Turin with his uncle obtain the confirmation of his countship in Provence from the Emperor Frederick I, for Provence was legally a fief of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1173, he gave the county to his younger brother Ramon Berenguer. However, he kept the title until his death in 1196. PeterRamon Berenguer III c.1158Son of Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon1173–5 April 1181 5 April 1181Montpellieraged 22–23 County of Provence Unmarried Abdicated of Cerdanya to his brother Sancho. In 1173, assuming the county of Provence, changed his name to Ramon Berenguer. In 1176, he joined Sancho in conquering Nice from Genoa. He was assassinated. Sancho c.1161Son of Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon5 April 1181 – 11851223Montpellieraged 61–62County of ProvenceErmesinde of Rocabertí1184one childSancha Núñez de Lara1185one child Received from his brother the counties of Cerdanya and Roussillon, and in 1181, received also the County of Roussillon, in the sequence of the same brother's death. In 1184, Sancho signed a treaty of alliance with the count of Forcalquier, the count of Toulouse and the Republic of Genoa agreeing to oppose the king of Aragon's efforts to dominate Genoa and to take the city of Marseille from him. Abdicated from Provence in 1185, but ruled in Cerdanya Roussillon until his death. Alphonse II 1180BarcelonaSon of Alfonso I and Sancha of Castile 1185 –2 February 1209 2 February 1209Palermoaged 28–29County of Provence Garsenda, Countess of ForcalquierJuly 1193Aix en Provenceone child His reign was marked by his conflicts with the count of Forcalquier, to whose granddaughter he was married. Raymond II 27 October 1156Saint Gilles, GardSon of Raymond I and Constance of FranceDecember 1194 1 August 1222 1 August 1222Toulouseaged 65Margraviate of Provence Ermessende of Pelet1172no childrenBeatrice of Béziersafter 1176(annulled 1189)one childJoan of EnglandOctober 1196Rouentwo childrenA daughter of Isaac Komnenos of Cyprusc.1200(annulled 1202)no childrenEleanor of AragonJanuary 1204Perpignanno children Also Count of Toulouse as Raymond VI. Allied with the Cathars, like many of the neighbouring Languedoc states, his domains in Toulouse were challenged by the Albigensian Crusade between 1215 and 1218. William IVc.1130Second son of Bertrand I and Josserande de la Flotte13 May 1207 –7 October 12097 October 1209aged 78–79County of ForcalquierAdelaide of Béziersone child Left a daughter, Garsenda, who predeceased him; he was succeeded by his granddaughter, also named Garsenda. Garsendac.1180Daughter of Rainou of Sabran and Garsenda of Forcalquier7 October 1209 –12221242aged 60–61County of Forcalquier(House of Sabran)Alfonso II, Count of ProvenceJuly 1193Aix en Provenceone child In 1222, she abdicated for her son, and Forcalquier was absorbed by Provence. Forcalquier annexed to ProvenceRegency of Garsenda, Countess of Forcalquier (1209–1220)Supporter of the Provençal lyric and culture and the Albigensian Crusade. He also helped his father in law in his conflict with Turin and Guigues VI of Viennois. His surviving four daughters all married kings, causing a dispute about his succession. Ramon Berenguer IV 1198Son of Alfonso II and Garsenda, Countess of ForcalquierFebruary 1209 –19 August 1245 19 August 1245Aix en Provenceaged 46–47County of Provence Beatrice of Savoy5 June 1219Aix en Provencesix children Raymond VII July 1197Beaucaire, GardSon of Raymond II and Joan of England1 August 1222 27 September 1249 27 September 1249Toulouseaged 52Margraviate of Provence Sancha of AragonMarch 1211(annulled 1241)one childMargaret of Lusignan1243(annulled 1245)no children Also Count of Toulouse as Raymond VII. Took Carcassonne with Count Roger Bernard III of Foix, in the Albigensian Crusade. Beatrice 1229Daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV and Beatrice of Savoy19 August 1245 –23 September 1267 23 September 1267Nocera Inferioreaged 37–38County of ProvenceCharles I, King of Sicily31 January 1246Aix en Provenceseven children Her inheritance caused tense relations with her sisters; Her husband installed his French court in Provence and, after her death, inherited the county. Joanna c.1220ToulouseDaughter of Raymond VII and Sancha of Aragon27 September 1249 25 August 1271 25 August 1271Sienaaged 50–51Margraviate of Provence Alphonse of Francec.1237Toulouseno children The war between Louis VIII of France and Languedoc region ended with the Treaty of Meaux (1229), determining the wedding of Joan, the heiress of Toulouse, with Alphonse, prince of France. The lack of descendance of the couple determined the annexation of the County of Toulouse, the Duchy of Narbonne, and the Margraviate of Provence to the Crown of France after their deaths.