Таксилер мен автобустар арасындағы көлік түрі

Mode of transport which falls between both taxicabs and buses

A share taxi (also called shared taxi or taxibus) is a mode of transport which falls between a taxicab and a bus. These vehicles for hire are typically smaller than buses and usually take passengers on a fixed or semi fixed route without timetables, but instead departing when all seats are filled. They may stop anywhere to pick up or drop off their passengers. Often found in developing countries, the vehicles used as share taxis range from four seat cars to minibuses. They are often owner operated. In some terms share taxis can also be referred to as taxibuses since they play a role of taxis where the destination is selected by the rider as opposed to routed buses which travel on a route that is assigned by the transit operator.

A given share taxi route may start and finish in fixed central locations, and landmarks may serve as route names or route termini. In some African cities routes are run between formal termini, of passengers board. instead. Even more formal terminals may be a little more than parking lots. In South Africa, the term "rank" denotes an area, specifically built for taxi operators by a municipality or city, where commuters may start and end their journey.

Where they exist, shared taxis provide service on set routes within and sometimes between towns. After a shared taxi has picked up passengers at its terminus, it proceeds along a semi fixed route where the driver may determine the actual route within an area according to traffic conditions. Drivers will stop anywhere to allow riders to disembark, and may sometimes do the same when prospective passengers want to ride.

While all share taxis share certain characteristics—and many regional versions exhibit peculiarities—some basic operational distinctions can be delineated.

Most share taxis are operated under one of two regimes. Some share taxis are operated by a company. For example, in Dakar there are company owned fleets of hundreds of car rapides. There are also individual operators in many countries. In Africa, while there are company share taxis, individual owners are more common. Rarely owning more than two vehicles at a time, they will rent out a minibus to operators, who pay fuel and other running costs, and keep revenue. These groups often function in the absence of a regulatory environment (such as per use terminal payments, and the very termini syndicates upkeep can cost delays and money for passengers as well as forcing them to disembark at inconvenient locations, in a phenomenon called "terminal constraint". or its mode of operation. In Kenya, regulation does extend to operators and mode of operation (such as routes used) as well as the vehicle. As of 2008, African minibuses are difficult to tax, Route syndicates often exercise unrestricted control, and existing rules may see little enforcement.) for share taxis.

In Algeria, taxis collectifs ply fixed routes with their destination displayed. While stations, set locations to board and disembark, exist, prospective passengers flag down a taxi collectif when they want a ride. Operating inter and intra city, taxis collectifs that travel between towns may be called interwilaya taxis. Along with all forms of public transport in Algeria, the Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada recommend against using these share taxis. The Irish Department of Foreign Affairs asks that you use taxis recommended by a hotel.

In Ouagadougou, capital of Burkina Faso, the share taxi or taxi brousse role is not filled by the traditional African minibus. these shared taxis can also be boarded anywhere along the route. many are decorated with slogans and sayings, and few operate on Sundays. Tro tro are used by 70% of Ghanaian commuters. This popularity may be because in cities such as Accra had only basic public transportation save for these small minibuses. Following the creation of the Greater Accra Passenger Transport Executive, some large buses were brought into service, mainly Brazilian built Scanias with Marcopolo bodies. A Bus Rapid Transit system is being developed for opening in November 2019. The Swedish company Scania has won the contract to not only supply the buses but also the infrastructure. An informal means of transportation, in Ghana they are licensed by the government, but the industry is self regulated. In Accra, syndicates include GPRTU and PROTOA. Syndicates include UPETCA and SNTMVCI.

In Morocco, grands taxis are the name for large, unmetered, shared taxicabs used for transportation between towns. Grands taxis are generally old full size Mercedes Benz sedans, and seat six or more passengers.) and midibuses (molue) its remit most probably includes share taxi activity. Outside of Lagos, most major cities in Africa have similar systems of transport. Syndicates in Lagos may include the National Union of Road and Transport Workers (NURTW). share taxis, or twegerane. Prior to 1987, the taxi industry in South Africa was highly regulated and controlled. Black taxi operators were declined permits in the Apartheid era and all minibus taxi operations were, by their very nature, illegal. During the height of the conflict, it was not uncommon for taxi drivers to carry shotguns and AK 47s to simply shoot rival taxi drivers and their passengers on sight. Currently the South African Government is attempting to formalize and re regulate the out of control minibus taxi industry. Along with new legislation, the government has instituted a 7 year recapitalization scheme to replace the old and un roadworthy vehicles with new 18 and 35 seater minibusses. These new minibus taxis carry the South African flag on the side and are notably more spacious and safe.

Minivans (minibuses may be a more correct term here) are used as vehicles for hire and referred to as dala dala in Tanzania. While dala dala may run fixed routes picking up passengers at central locations, they will also stop along the route to drop someone off or allow a prospective passenger to board. In Dar es Salaam, publicly operated minibus service may also exist as of 2008. but syndicates also exist and include DARCOBOA. passengers may board and disembark at any point during travel.

The term kia kia may be used in Yorùbáland to refer to minibus public transports, and means "quick quick".

Shared taxis have been operating in Mumbai, India, since the early 1970s. These are point to point services that operate during peak hours. During off peak hours they ply like regular taxis; they can be hailed anywhere on the roads and passengers are charged by the meter. During peak hours they will take a full cab load of passengers to a more or less common destination. The pick up points are usually fixed, and sometimes (but not always) marked by a sign saying "shared taxis". Cabs typically line up at this point during peak hours. They sometimes display their general destination on their windscreens, and passengers get in and wait for the cab to fill up. Once full the cab moves off. Fares are fixed and much lower than the metered fare to the same destination, but higher than a bus or train fare. Such informal arrangements also exist in other Indian cities. Share jeeps are a common form of transportation in the Himalayas, the North Eastern States, and elsewhere.

Angkutan Kota , abbreviated as angkot, are share taxis in Indonesia widely operating throughout the country usually with microbuses. In some places there were also three wheelers which are called bemo (such as autorickshaws based on the Daihatsu Midget) but phased out. The older version of Angkot is called oplet. The name of this transportation differs from each different province or area in the country. In Jakarta, it is called angkot or "mikrotrans", in other parts such as in Sulawesi, the term mikrolet (shortened "mikro") is more widely used especially in Manado. In Makassar it is called "pete pete", in Malang it is called "angkota", in Medan it is called "sudako", in Aceh it is called "labi labi". Share taxis operated across rural/village routes are called angkutan desa , abbreviated as angkudes. Angkot and angkudes run accordingly to their exact routes and may stop at any class of bus stations (A, B, and C Type bus stations). Additionally, passengers can stop the van anywhere according to its destination, and is not required to stop at a bus stop.

In Iran, a share taxi is usually called "taxi", while a non share is called "ajans"/اژانس, pronounced [aʒans]. Four passengers share a taxi and sometimes there is no terminus and they wait in the street side and blare their destination to all taxis until one of them stops. These are regular taxis but if somebody wants to get a non share taxi he can call for an ajans (taxi service) for himself or wait in the street side and say "Darbast" (which means non share). It means he is not interested in sharing the taxi and is consequently willing to pay more for the privilege. Minibuses, in the past years, with a capacity of 18 passengers, and nowadays van taxis, with a capacity of 10 passengers are other kinds of share transport in Iran.

In monit sherut, pl. moniyot sherut is a word meaning "service taxi". Referring to vans or minibuses that serve as share taxis in Israel, these can be picked up from anywhere on their route. Moniyot sherut operate both inter and intra city. and are known for their color and flamboyant decoration. riders can nonetheless disembark at any time; and while jeepneys ply fixed routes, these may be subject to change over time. New ones may need approval from a Philippine transport regulator. Jeepney stations do exist. Another share taxi that is also common in the Philippines is the UV Express which uses Compact MPVs and vans as its form factor. These vehicles seat 10–18 people and charge an additional 2 Philippine peso per kilometer (as of 2013).

Literally "two rows" a songthaew or song thaew and Laos or a larger truck and used as a share taxi. They are also known as baht buses.

In Turkey and Northern Cyprus, dolmuş (pronounced "dolmush") are share taxis that run on set routes within and between cities. Each of these cars or minibuses displays their particular route on signboards behind the windscreen. Visitors to Turkey have been surprised by the speed of dolmuş travel. These share taxis are also found in Turkish controlled, Northern Cyprus under the same name. Aard was taken over by New Zealand Railways Road Services in 1928. Shared taxis in New Zealand nowadays are referred to as shuttles or shuttle vans. Shared buses or vans are available in many more developed countries connecting frequent destinations, charging a fixed fee per passenger. The most common case is a connection between an airport and central city locations. These services are often known as shuttles. Such services usually use smaller vehicles than normal buses and often operate on demand. An air traveler can contact the shuttle company by telephone or Internet, not necessarily in advance; the company will ensure that a shuttle is provided without unreasonable delay. The shuttle will typically connect one airport with several large hotels, or addresses in a specified area of the city. The shuttle offers much of the convenience of a taxi, although it takes longer, at a price that is significantly lower for one or two passengers. Scheduled services between an airport and a hotel, usually operated by the hotel, are also called shuttles. In many cases the shuttle operator takes the risk of there not being enough passengers to make the trip profitable; in others, there is a minimum charge when there are not enough passengers. Usually, there are regulations covering vehicles and drivers; for example in New Zealand under NZTA regulations, shuttles are only allowed to have up to eleven passenger seats, and the driver must have a passenger endorsement (P) on their driver's license.

Share taxis in Estonia are mostly found in Tallinn, the capital. Called liinitakso, marsruuttakso, taksobuss or mikroautobuss depending on the language spoken, these minibusses run fixed routes and allow passengers to disembark at any time.

In Athens, Greece most taxis were share taxis, but since the country joined the EU this tradition started to disappear.

In Lithuania, share taxis are called maršrutinis taksi.

Besides the conventional deeltaxi, there are treintaxis in some Dutch towns. Operated on behalf of the Netherlands Railways, they run to and from railway stations and the ride is shared with additional passengers picked up along the way.

In 2018 Arriva launched shared taxi service Arriva Click in Liverpool and Sittingbourne and Kent Science Park in the United Kingdom.

In some towns in Northern Ireland, notably certain districts in Ballymena, Belfast, Derry and Newry, share taxi services operate using Hackney carriages and are called black taxis. These services developed during The Troubles as public bus services were often interrupted due to street rioting. Taxi collectives are closely linked with political groups – those operating in Catholic areas with Sinn Féin, those in Protestant areas with loyalist paramilitaries and their political wings. Typically, fares approximate those of Translink operated bus services on the same route. Service frequencies are typically higher than on bus services, especially at peak times, although limited capacities mean that passengers living close to the termini may find it difficult to find a black taxi with seats available in the rush hour.

Major providers of mobility services such as MOD Mobility On Demand and/or Collective Taxi in Switzerland are Telebus Kriens LU, Taxito, myBuxi, Kollibri by Swiss Postal Bus, and Pikmi by VBZ Verkehrsbetriebe Zurich ZH. Most providers as TNC Transportation Network Companies run single source mobility platforms for the service and/or are connected with multi modal mobility platforms of Public Transit (= Collective Traffic) and city administration/community organizations.

Most areas of Barbados are served by ZRs, which run in addition to the government run bus service.

Tap taps, gaily painted buses Often they are painted with religious names or slogans. Their name refers to "fast motion". While saying not to use any form of public transport in Haiti, the Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada advises against tap tap travel especially. The US State Department also warns travelers not to use tap taps, "because they are often overloaded, mechanically unsound, and driven unsafely."

In Saint Lucia, waychehs are a name for minibus public transports using Toyota HiAce.

In Quebec, share taxis or jitneys are called taxis collectifs (in English "shared taxis") or transport collectif par taxi (which the STM translates in English as "taxibus") and are operated by subcontractors to the local transit authorities on fixed routes. Google translate renders "transport collectif par taxi" as "public transport by taxi". In the case of the Montréal the fare is the same as the local bus fare, but no cash and transfers are issued or accepted; in case of the STL only bus passes.

In Guatemala, ruleteros, minibus share taxis, pick up and discharge passengers along major streets.

Jitney is an American English term that originally referred to a vehicle for hire intermediate between a taxi and a bus. It is generally a small capacity vehicle that follows a rough service route, but it can go slightly out of its way to pick up and drop off passengers. In many US cities (e. g. Pittsburgh and Detroit), the term jitney refers to an unlicensed taxi cab. The name comes from an archaic, colloquial term for a five cent piece in the US (the nickel). The common fare for the service when it first came into use was five cents, so the "five cent cab" or "jitney cab" came to be known for the price charged. In Rhode Island, a jitney license plate is used for all public passenger buses, even for larger ones. While jitneys became fairly common in many other countries, such as the Philippines, they first appeared in the United States and Canada. The first US jitneys ran in 1914 in Los Angeles, California. By 1915, there were 62,000 nationwide. Local regulations, demanded by streetcar companies, killed the jitney in most places. By the end of 1916, only 6,000 jitneys remained. Similarly, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in the 1920s, jitneys competed directly with the streetcar monopoly operating along the same routes as the streetcars, but jitneys were charging lower fares. Operators were referred to as "jitney men." They were so successful that the city government banned them at the request of the streetcar operators. Since the 1973 oil crisis (as well as the mid 20th century decline in transit service), jitneys have reappeared in some areas of the US, particularly in inner city areas once served by streetcars and private buses. An increase in bus fares usually leads to a significant rise in jitney usage. Liberalization of jitneys is often encouraged by libertarian urban economists, such as University of Chicago's Richard Epstein, Rutgers' James Dunn, and USC's Peter Gordon, as a more "market friendly" alternative to public transportation. Concerns over fares, insurance liabilities, and passenger safety have kept legislative support for jitneys decidedly tepid. Nevertheless, in New York City and northern New Jersey, jitneys (known as "dollar vans" because of their original price) are regulated. Miami has the country's most comprehensive jitney network, due to Caribbean influence. In Atlanta jitneys run along Buford Highway. In Atlantic City the ACJA operates a jitney service that travels the main strip of casinos. One of the routes also services the new cluster of casinos west of Atlantic City proper. In 2009, the Houston Waves, Houston's first jitney service in 17 years, started running. It has expanded into a network of buses operating within Loop 610 and to all special event venues in Houston.

In Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, “carros públicos” (literally "public cars") are share taxis. Carros Publicos set routes with several passengers sharing the ride and others picked up throughout the journey.

Often share taxi routes in Mexico are ad hoc arrangements to fill in gaps in regular public transportation, and many operate inter city as well as local routes. In many rural areas, they are the only public transportation. In some cases, truck/taxi combination vehicles have evolved to transport light goods as well as passengers. Heavily used share taxi routes often evolve into regulated microbus public transit routes, as has occurred in Mexico City and in Lima. Taxis colectivos are also found in Perú, Chile, Guatemala, and Argentina, where they are most commonly referred to simply as colectivos, although in some places they have become essentially standard buses.