Ferrari Testarossa: 12 цилиндрлі қозғалтқышты спорт машинасы

12 cylinder mid engine sports car manufactured by Ferrari

The Ferrari Testarossa (Type F110) is a 12 cylinder mid engine sports car manufactured by Ferrari, which went into production in 1984 as the successor to the Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer. The Pininfarina designed car was originally produced from 1984 until 1991, with two model revisions following the end of Testarossa production called the 512 TR and F512 M, which were produced from 1992 until 1996. Including revised variations, almost 10,000 cars in total were produced, making it at the time one of the most mass produced Ferrari models. The original Testarossa was re engineered for the 1992 model year and was introduced as the 512 TR (TR meaning TestaRossa), at the Los Angeles Auto Show, effectively as a completely new car, and an improved weight distribution of 41% front, 59% rear. Another new variant called the F512 M was introduced at the 1994 Paris Auto Show. They were led by design chief Leonardo Fioravanti, who also designed many other contemporary Ferrari models. The design was originated by Nicosia, but the guidance of Fioravanti was equally important. Being trained in aerodynamics, Fioravanti applied his know how to set the layout of the car. The designers were originally trying to minimize the necessary side intakes, which also could not be left open due to American safety legislation, but then decided on making them a statement of style instead one that ended up becoming emblematic of the late eighties. The Testarossa did not need a rear spoiler. The aerodynamic drag coefficient of was significantly lower than the Lamborghini Countach's 0.42. The styling was a departure from the curvaceous boxer—one which caused some controversy. that spanned from the doors to the rear fenders were needed for rules in several countries outlawing large openings on cars. Unlike the Berlinetta Boxer, the Testarossa had twin side radiators near the engine at the rear instead of a single radiator up front eliminating much piping and allowing for a much cooler cabin. Testa Rossa, which literally means "red head" in Italian, refers to the red painted cam covers sported by both cars' 12 cylinder engines. | platform =
| engine = 4.9 L Tipo F113 and F113 B flat 12
| powerout =
| transmission = 5 speed manual
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| sp = us
| predecessor =
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The Testarossa has a naturally aspirated longitudinally mounted, Tipo F113 flat 12 engine. These combine to provide a maximum power of at 6,300 rpm and maximum torque of at 4,500 rpm. GearReverse12345Final DriveRatioModelYear(s)DisplacementFuel typePowerTorqueCatalyst Europe market1986–1989Petrol5.8 sCatalyst1989–1991Petrol5.7 sUS market1984–1989Petrol6.1 sEurope market1984–1989Petrol5.8 s

The F512 M sports a 4.9 litre Tipo F113 G longitudinally mid mounted flat 12 engine. Due to new titanium connecting rods and a new crankshaft that together weighs less than those that they replace, the engine has a 7,500 rpm electronic rev limit. The Ferrari F512 M can accelerate from 0 to in 4.7 seconds, Pininfarina and Ferrari flags line the dash board.

The F512 M has wheels with a width of for front and for the rears. The tyres are Pirelli P Zero units, The Testarossa Spider has an Argento Nürburgring exterior, a white magnolia leather interior with a dark blue stripe running above the matte black sills, and a white electronically operated soft top that could be manually stowed away. The vehicle was delivered to Agnelli in four months, and had a solid silver Ferrari logo on the hood instead of an aluminium one. The silver theme refers to elemental silver's periodic table abbreviation "Ag" (from the Latin argentum), the first two letters of Agnelli's name. and so Pininfarina and some aftermarket firms such as Straman, Pavesi, Lorentz and Rankl, and Koenig Specials offered unofficial Spider conversions on special consumer requests. The official Spider is no different mechanically from the normal Testarossa available on the European market. It has a standard 4.9 L flat 12 engine with a power output of , though the top speed was reduced because of the excessive weight arising due to the reinforced chassis. The only differences, other than being a convertible, are that the Spider's front window and door windows are both shorter than those of the normal car and it has a special transmission manufactured by Valeo installed which is convertible to both automatic and the standard 5 speed manual versions with the push of a button, a technology ahead of its time. The transmission was installed on special request of Agnelli as he suffered from a chronic leg injury. The original car owned by Agnelli's family friend was auctioned off in 2016 at a price of US$1.3 million. By that time, the car had been driven for 23,000 kilometers. A red Testarossa convertible is the feature car in Sega's arcade and home console video game franchise Out Run.

The Ferrari Mythos is a mid engined, rear wheel drive concept car based on the mechanical underpinnings of the Ferrari Testarossa. The Mythos is powered by a 4.9 L Tipo F113 B Ferrari flat 12 engine sourced from the Ferrari Testarossa, the engine produces at 6,300 rpm and of torque at 4,500 rpm while having a power to weight ratio of per tonne. Power is sent to the rear wheels through a Testarossa sourced 5 speed manual transmission. The car utilises a helical coil suspension system with transverse arms on the front and rear. Acceleration figures of the car remain unknown, but the car has a projected top speed of about .

Designed by Luigi Colani in 1989, the Testa d'Oro was designed to break land speed records at the salt flats. It was based on a Testarossa with a turbocharged flat 12 engine featuring a 5.0 L Ferrari Lotec turbocharger. The engine had a power output of at 6,400 rpm and of torque at 5,000 rpm. It successfully broke the record in its class in 1991, reaching with catalytic converters fitted.

The Ferrari FX was a special order sports car custom made by Pininfarina at the request of the 29th Sultan of Brunei. It featured the flat twelve engine of the Ferrari F512 M, on which it is based, and a 7 speed sequential manual transmission from the Williams Formula One team. The FX has a top speed of around ,

The FZ93 (Formula Zagato '93) was designed by Ercole Spada as a follow up to Zagato's series of Ferrari specials. In 1994 the car was reworked and repainted all red; it was also renamed as ES1 in honour of its designer.

For almost 18 years, Ferrari denied that the F90 existed. The project was eventually discovered along with the fact that six were made for the Sultan of Brunei in 1988. The project was managed by Enrico Fumia, the head of the Research and Development department at Pininfarina. At the time, the project was top secret to that extent that Ferrari themselves didn't know of the project. Fumia styled the car and said the F90 name referred to it being a "Ferrari of the '90s." All six F90s used a Ferrari Testarossa chassis on top of which Pininfarina sculpted an entirely new body and interior. The engines were stock units, having a power output of and having a rear wheel drive layout, but the radiators were moved to the front of the car.

"Retail Prices, Import Cars," Automotive News, April 1986: page 53. Sir Mix A Lot wrote the track Testarossa (on his 1992 album Mack Daddy) about his "jet black" 1987 Testarossa. French House/Electro artist Kavinsky has written several songs about the Testarossa, including "Testarossa Autodrive", which was remixed by SebastiAn. The Kavinsky character's back story is that he fatally crashed his Testarossa and came back from the dead to make music. The video and arcade game Outrun uses the Testarossa as the main car.